A Public Market in Western Massachusetts

in the South End neighborhood, Springfield Massachusetts

Department of Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning

University of Massachusetts at Amherst

University of Massachusetts, Amherst Department of Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning

A Public Market in Western Massachusetts South End, Springfield

Urban Design Studio | 397C | Spring 2011
Jane Thurber, Assistant Professor Ignacio Campillo, Adjunct Professor STUDENTS Ryan Ballman | Nathaniel Bernard | Matthew Gallagher | Amanda Hart | Kyle Jackson Jackie Kolpek | Corey Lammerding | Benjamin Madeiras | Michael Naughton | Nicholas Petrouski James Reichheld | Michael Ritacco | Matthew Silveira | Garrett Stone | Alisha Walls

Public Market at Nation, Paris

Urban Design Studio

University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Author: Ignacio Campillo, Adjunct Professor of Landscape Architecture Maps: Garrett Stone, BSLA, 2011 Editing: Lylian Yves Bourgois Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved. Any reproduction of the contents is strictly prohibited without written authorization from the publisher. Ediciones Nolli, 2011 www.nolli.org

Printed in the United States, September 2011 2

South End, Springfield, MA

0.0. 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Acknowledgements Introduction Local Economy Public Markets Case Studies 4.1 Paris, France 4.2 Padova, Italy 4.3 Santiago, Chile 4.4 Montral, Canada 4.5 Villebois-Lavalette, France 4.6 Barcelona, Spain

page 05 page 06 page 08 page 10 page 12 page 12 page 14 page 16 page 18 page 20 page 22 page 24 page 24 page 26 page 38 page 44 page 44 page 48 page 52

5.0

Site Analysis 5.1 Springfield, Massachusetts 5.2 South End 5.3 Gemini Site

6.0

Students Work 6.1 Ballman & Kolpek 6.2 Bernard & Stone 6.3 Gallagher & Reichheld

0.0 | TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.4 Jackson, Madeiras & Petrouski page 56 6.5 Lammerding & Ritacco 6.6 Naughton & Silveira 6.7 Hart & Walls 7.0 Bibliography page 60 page 64 page 68 page 73

Source: Google maps

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IMAGE CREDITS From left to right, from above to bottom. Page Cover 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 24 26 34 38 40 41 Credit Campillo-Stijn Nieuwendijk/Flickr-Mircea Turcan/Flickr-Campillo-Campillo Campillo Campillo Len Burgess/Flickr Mike/Flickr- Westport Historical Society/Flickr-Campillo- Benjamin Golub/Flickr Antonio David Fernndez/Flickr-Lert/Flickr-Neil Lee/Flickr Wally Gobetz/Flickr-Stijn Nieuwendijk/Flickr- Campillo -Ed Porras/Flickr- Campillo Campillo Lapatia/Flickr-Miles Heller/Flickr-Mircea Turcan/Flickr-Mircea Turcan/Flickr-Stonefly Spa/Flickr Mircea Turcan/Flickr-Fuad Al Ansari/Flickr-Marco Tardiola/Flickr Campillo Abdallahh/Flickr-Campillo- Thom/Flickr- Sandi Bird/Flickr- Wally Gobetz/Flickr - Sbastien Yaher/Flickr Sbastien Yaher/Flickr - Campillo - Craige Moore/Flickr CharenteTourisme/Flickr-Tesson Christophe/Flickr-CharenteTourisme/Flickr-Verity Cridland/Flickr Verity Cridland/Flickr-Verity Cridland/Flickr-Tesson Christophe/Flickr-CharenteTourisme/Flickr Naus/Flickr -Jamison Wieser/Flickr -Stijn Nieuwendijk/Flickr -Laura Padgett/Flickr -Jamison Wieser/Flickr Jamison Wieser/Flickr -Jos Cenador/Flickr -Mike Smith/Flickr City of Springfield, Massachusetts City of Springfield-Studio Images- Studio Images -Studio Images Nguyen-Anh Le/Flickr-Ray Houghton/Flickr- Studio Images Studio Images Studio Images Studio Images -City of Springfield

South End, Springfield, MA

I would like to thank the following people for their role in this document: John Mullin for his support financing this report. The Springfield Department of Planning & Economic Development for their support and resources. Scott Hanson for his enthusiasm and great cooperation on this project and my colleague Michael Di Pasquale for contributing in the interim presentation. The residents of the South End community for their hospitality and their personal input, in particular to Joe Frigo and Rico Daniele. The faculty of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning for participating and contributing their valuable comments during our studio reviews. All the undergraduate students in this Urban Design Studio for their great work, passion, and the dedication they put to develop creative ideas for the South End. Especially to Garrett Stone for his great work in generating all the maps that are part of this report. Patricia McGirr for her enthusiasm for urban and cultural issues that motivated me enormously, and for all her advice and help. And finally my colleague Jane Thurber, who without her help, support and advice this report could not have happened. We hope our Urban Design Studio can contribute to make the South End in Springfield a better place, and who knows, maybe one day they will have a public market. Ignacio Francisco Campillo, Amherst, August 2011

0.0 | Acknowledgements

Source: US Geological Survey

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WHY DOING THIS REPORT First of all, we wanted to share the work that students did for this urban design studio at Springfield, MA. I am really happy with the quality of the work, and I think the work is worth being shared. The students explored a wide range of concepts and ideas that brought to light the idea of a public market in the city. Second, we wanted to analyze in detail the South End neighborhood in Springfield, Massachusetts, hoping that this analysis could be useful as an example for students as a way to analyze urban condition using digital media (Autodesk and Adobe packages). Our Studio worked in the South End neighborhood in Springfield. This neighborhood is rich in culture, and has a strong economic base in food related business. Western Massachusetts is a strong player in the buy local movement, and farmers markets are strongly supported by the community. We think every community in the Commonwealth should have a public market according to their needs. We developed a model of how a market may look and operate, accommodating the local economy and culture. We believe that our experience can help to imagine and develop public markets in different communities. The Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, UMass Amherst, continues the successful collaboration with the Office of Planning and Economic Development of the City of Springfield in the spring of 2011. The undergraduate sustainable site development studio developed different plans for the Gemini site and associated parcels in the South End of Springfield.

1.0 | Introduction

Last but not least, we wanted to make visual proposals of how a public market can be implemented in communities in Western Massachusetts. I wanted to make this report as a source of ideas and information for the communities that may be considering the idea of a public market. In this report, you will find case studies, references, general information and concrete examples of how a market can In this studio we explored the addition of a public look like. market and open space for the South End neighborhood. The market and associated outdoor spaces, GOALS OF THIS STUDIO woven into the neighborhood, have the potential to be both an important local and citywide ameWe believe that the Idea of public Markets is nity. This project offers the potential to help the city being currently embraced once again around define how it will embrace the opportunities and the world. This new trend is strongly related challenges surrounding the concepts of sustainable, to the idea of buying local and the organic local and green practices. food movement, and is making strong strides in contemporary culture and economy. The Specifically, the studio will focus on the developidea of a public market is not only relevant in ment of a public market and the associated public Springfield, but in all New England, making space that create the context. Issues included: this effort worth publicizing it to other com- Creating a visual & physical connection between munities in the Commonwealth that can ben- the site and the neighborhood. efit from this initiative. Understanding buildings, streets, open space relationships in a urban context. Understanding & utilizing principles of sustainable design on different levels. Developing a whole site concept that integrates a permanent market and a temporary market, an outdoor public space/park that is flexible in its use. The program for the projects is: Vehicular Circulation: Parking for 30 cars and 4 trucks, Vehicular

South End, Springfield, MA

circulation for drop off of passengers and truck deliveries. Structures: Covered Permanent Market, 13,500 Sqft. and a Temporary Outdoor Market, 13,500 Sqft., using a module of 15x15 organized in a linear way. Pedestrian circulation: Connections to Main Street, between the markets and other relevant components of the design and the neighborhood. Open Space: Community Gardens, Seating areas, Outdoor eating areas, incorporate elevation change, and connections to existing structures. PERSONAL MOTIVATIONS

each time I travel. I have seen markets in Lisbon, Paris, Buenos Aires, Ottawa, Montral, Madrid, Toronto, Barcelona, Boulogne-sur-Mer, London, New Orleans, Portland, New York City. And it is incredible to see how in its simplicity each time the local culture comes up in some many ways. You can find in a market what you will never see in a mall, supermarket or convenience store. You will be able to smell and taste the world around you, without pretensions, without marketing, without packaging, just how it is: rich, diverse and spontaneous.

My grandmother is well above 80 years old, and she When I was younger, there were few things I was stills go to the farmers market once per week. Go willing to volunteer. Going to the farmers market to the market, you will live better, and you will have with my grandmother was one of them. The market fun! ;) took place on the street once a week, not far from our house. It was a street market with (literally) hundreds of vendors, and the farmers market was where everybody got food for the week. Chile has a very rich and diverse agriculture, and the fresh products you can get from the farmers market have no comparison with the ones coming from the supermarket. Not only it smells and tastes better, it is also cheaper. In the market I helped my grandmother with her bags, making sure potatoes were in the bottom and tomatoes were on the top of the bag. I remember my grandmother having a great time, checking the quality of the products and the prices. She never seemed bothered while in the market, she liked to talk with the vendors whom she knew, some of them being gossip agencies giving you the latest scoops, even if you didnt ask. The vendors used to have those very old weights that you use to weight the produce, and everybody agreed that they were not too accurate. But we were in Chile after all, where tricking each other is a national sport. I was amazed by the colors of the produce: the intensity of reds, oranges, yellows, purples, shades of green was incredible. I always saw something that I had not seen before. It was a constant discovery. The only thing I didnt like from the market was the fishmonger, whose stand always smelled so bad that I always tried to avoid it, following an alternative route. Since my early adventures in the markets in Chile I have continued to explore markets around the world
The author with his grandmother, Noemi

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LOCAL PURCHASING Local purchasing is a preference to buy locally produced goods and services over those produced more distantly. It is often abbreviated as a positive goal buy local to parallel the phrase think globally, act locally common in green politics. In the past, it made so much sense to buy locally that no one had to advertise that concept. However, with current market conditions, it is often cheaper to buy distantly produced goods, despite the added costs in terms of packaging, transport, inspection, retail facilities, etc. Advocates often suggest that local purchasing is a form of moral purchasing. Local purchasing is often claimed to be better for the Earth and better for working conditions. The first potential benefit is environmental. Bringing goods from far away generally requires using more energy than transporting goods locally, and some environmental advocates see this as a serious environmental threat. Of course, locally produced goods are not always more energy-efficient; local agriculture or manufacturing may rely on heavy inputs or energy-inefficient machinery and/or transportation systems. LOCAL FOOD Local food movement is an effort to build a more locally based economy, and intends to improve the economic, environmental and social health of a particular place. It is considered to be part of a broader sustainability movement. It is part of the concept of local purchasing and local economies, a preference to buy locally produced goods and services. Also, it is a geographical concept related to the distance between food producers and consumers. Local food systems are an alternative to the global corporate models where producers and consumers are separated through a chain of processors/manufacturers, shippers and retailers. They are complex networks of relationships between actors including producers, distributors, retailers and consumers grounded in a particular place.

2.0 | Local Economy

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DEFINITIONS OF LOCAL There is no single definition of local in terms of the geographic distance between production and consumption. But defining local based on marketing arrangements, such as farmers selling directly to consumers at regional farmers markets or to schools, is well recognized. Among the more widely circulated and popular defining parameters is the concept of food miles, which has been suggested for policy recommendations. In 2008 Congress passed H.R.2419 which amended the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act. In the amendment locally and regionally are grouped together and are defined as: (I) the locality or region in which the final product is marketed, so that the total distance that the product is transported is less than 400 miles from the origin of the product; or (II) the State in which the product is produced. Some local business with specific retail and production focuses, such as cheese, may take a larger view of what is local while a local farm may see the area within a days driving as local because it is a reasonable distance to transport goods and servicesin fact, 400 miles is essentially a DGD (daygoods-distance). Non-local food is often seen as a result of corporate management policies, globalization, heavy subsidies, urban sprawl, poor animal welfare, lack of care for the environment, and poor working conditions. This limited interpretation is likely because the organic movement is largely responsible for renewed public interest in local and regional markets. Those subscribing to this interpretation often insist on buying food directly from local family farms, through direct channels such as farmers markets, food cooperatives and community-supported agriculture plans. LOCAL FOOD MARKET The Department of Agriculture of the United States included statistics about the growing local food market in May 2010. Direct-to-consumer marketing amounted to $1.2 billion sales in 2007, compared with $551 million in 1997. Direct-to-consumer

sales accounted for 0.4 percent of total agricultural sales in 2007, up from 0.3 percent in 1997. The number of farmers markets rose to 5,274 in 2009, up from 2,756 in 1998 and 1,755 in 1994, according to USDAs Agricultural Marketing Service. In 2005, there were 1,144 community-supported agriculture organizations in operation, up from 400 in 2001 and 2 in 1986, according to a study by the nonprofit, nongovernmental organization National Center for Appropriate Technology. The number of farm to school programs, which use local farms as food suppliers for school meals programs, increased to 2,095 in 2009, up from 400 in 2004 and 2 in the 1996-97 school year, according to the National Farm to School Network.

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FARMERS MARKETS Farmers markets consist of individual vendors, mostly farmers, who set up booths, tables or stands, outdoors or indoors, to sell meat products, fruits and sometimes prepared foods and beverages. Farmers markets add value to communities because farmers/ producers sell directly to consumers, minimizing profit loss by circumventing the middleman. Consumers can buy directly from the farmer/producer. Consumers can obtain organic fruits and vegetables from Certified Organic farmers. Consumers can enjoy fresh, seasonally-grown food that was produced within a drivable distance from their homes. More capital remains in the consumers community. Farmers markets exist worldwide and reflect their areas culture and economy. Their size ranges from a few stalls to several city blocks. In some cultures, live animals, imported delicacies unavailable locally, and personal goods and crafts are sold. Such markets were commonplace before the Industrial age but most were replaced in modernized cities with grocery stores and supermarkets that sell food that is usually produced, packaged, shipped from remote places. Farmers markets often feature produce grown naturally or organically, meats that are raised humanely on pasture, handmade farmstead cheeses, eggs and poultry from free-range fowl, as well as heirloom produce and heritage breeds of meat and fowl. Produce found at Farmers Markets is renowned for being locally grown and very fresh. People argue farmers markets allow farmers to pick produce at the peak of flavor, preserve the nutritional content of fresh produce, and since locally grown produce does not travel as far to get to your table, the difference in mileage saves fossil fuels. Advocates of Farmers markets state that the markets help farmers stay in business as well as preserve natural resources. Wholesale prices farmers get for produce are much lower than what they can get selling retail. Farmers who sell direct to the public without going through a middle man get a better price. Preservation of farmland is important for the health of the environment and water supply is a widely held

3.0 | Public Markets

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view amongst people in developed countries. According to the American Farmland Trust, sustainable and managed farms conserve soil and clean water and provide a habitat for wildlife. Moreover, modern farmers markets help maintain important social ties, linking rural and urban populations and even close neighbors in mutually rewarding exchange. Farmers markets are a traditional way of selling agricultural and home manufactured products. A weekly market day is a part of normal life in villages and town squares throughout the world. A good way for a traveler to sample local foods and learn about local culture is to attend market day, especially when it coincides with a festival, such as the fiestas in many towns in Latin America. In France and other European countries, there exist street markets, as well as covered marketplaces, where farmers and purveyors sell. Farmers markets are starting to appear online. In the U.S. and Canada, due in part to the increased interest in healthier foods, a greater desire to preserve local types of cultivars or livestock and an increased understanding of the importance of maintaining small, sustainable farms on the fringe of urban environments, farmers markets in the US have grown from 1,755 in 1994 to 5,274 in 2009. In New York City, there are 107 farmers markets in operation. In the Los Angeles area, 88 farmers markets exist, many of which support Hispanic and Asian fare. New markets appear regularly, and existing marketssome well over a century oldare seeing renewed growth in both North America and Europe. Some markets are carefully managed, with strict rules for pricing, quality and vendor selection. Others are much more relaxed in their vendor criteria. While the usual emphasis is on locally-grown and/ or food products, some farmers markets allow coops and purveyors, or allow farmers to purchase some products to resell.

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4.1 | Case Studies| Public Markets of Paris, France

I chose this case studies because it represents the diversity of products you can find in a public market in France. The public markets in Paris are usually hosted outdoors year round. There are a few covered markets, but they are small and they do not cover all the needs. Most of Parisians get their fresh produce in the outdoor markets that are usually hosted on streets and public spaces. As Paris has very wide avenues, these avenues have also wide sidewalks that once or twice per week are taken over by the farmers markets. Using only the sidewalk or side streets, the general traffic doesnt get disturbed. The array of the merchants stall are organized in a linear way, leaving the back of each stall has storage space and access for the merchant. French markets usually carry more than just produce, they also carry a wide array of vegetables and fruits, meat products and fish, cheese, elaborated food in containers and prepared meals. The products offered sometimes are not edible, as you will find clothing (not of high values), decoration items, gifts, exotic products from old French colonies. This diversity makes strolling through the market an extremely entertaining experience, full with surprises, flavors, colors and nice smells.

Aerial view of Avenue Nation, on the wide sidewalks of the avenue takes place a farmers market

source: Google maps

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Elaborated products as sausages and Jam

Fresh fish and seafood

African masks

Dried fruits

General view of the street market

Rotisserie Chicken

Not so fine lingerie

Olives

Organic products, coffee and honey

Meat

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The Piazza della Frutta is a public market whose name can be translated into Fruit Square. The Piazza della frutta is one of the two public markets that surround the Palazzo della Ragione in Padova, Italy. The Ragione palace was built in 1218 to hold Padovas court, and along with it the spaces for two public markets were created. The two markets that were created were the Piazza della frutta which sits on the North side of the building and the Piazza delle erbe which is on the South side. The public markets are open Monday through Saturday with Sunday being the only day when the markets are closed. The public market vendors sell fruits as well as clothing in small covered spaces divided for each individual vendor. The public market it defined by a six inch curb on its North, East and West sides with the building defining the South side. The separation between the road and the market is made by the use of a six inch curb as well as a different paving pattern. The market has a concrete paving pattern consisting of 12 squares

4.2 | Case Studies | Piazza della frutta & Piazza della erbe, Padova, Italy

Aerial view of Piazza della frutta to the north and the Piazza della erbe to the south

source: Google maps

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Piazza della erbe without the market

Piazza della erbe during market day

Piazza della frutta during market day

that truly separate it from the road and other walkways. The marking has many different site amenities such as bike racks just outside the curbed area, light posts that are on the edge of the space, and trash cans that are scattered over the market during its use. The vendors set up their display benches parallel to the building which creates isles to walk through. The spaces created are almost like a super market store but instead of product filled shelves you have individual vendors displaying and selling their own products. There are no permanent structures in the markets so venders must provide their own weather protection. They use tarps and plastic covers to cover their tables so that they stay dry during rainy days and shady during hot sunny days.

Stone curb that separates market from circulation

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Chile has a wide variety of farmers markets, and most of them are outdoor markets. Santiago still has a covered central market that has a stunning steel structure which covers the central hall (see image below). Some neighborhoods have small covered markets. The one we used as reference for our project was a market in Providencia. It has a similar scale to the one we were going to develop. The majority of public markets in Chile are outdoor farmers markets that take place on the street or public places. The peculiarity of public markets that take place outdoor is that in some cases the place where the market takes place has a metal structure that vendors use to hold a canopy that protects them from rain and sun. These metal structures are also useful to define the area each vendor is supposed to use, allowing them to have a more organized setup. Otherwise, layout would be chaotic as it sometimes can be in South America.

4.3 | Case Studies | Public Markets of Santiago, Chile

Aerial view of Mercado Central, Santiago, Chile

source: Google maps

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Mercado Emilia Tellez in uoa

Mercado Emilia Tellez in uoa

Interior view of Mercado de Providencia

Interior of Mercado de Providencia

Service area of Mercado de Providencia

Produce shop at Mercado de Providencia

Mercado de Avenida Grecia

Mercado de Avenida Grecia with bike path

Interior view of Mercado Central de Santiago

Exterior view of Mercado Central de Santiago

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The market was opened to the public in 1933. The Jean-Talon Market (French: March Jean-Talon) is the largest permanent farmers market in Montreal. Montreal has 5 covered permanent markets and 10 seasonal temporary farmers markets. The market is located in the Little Italy neighborhood, and is bordered by Jean-Talon Street to the north, Mozart Ave. to the south, Casgrain Ave. to the west and Henri-Julien Ave. to the east. Major renovations were undertaken in 2004 to handle the crowds that populate the market during the summer months. An underground parking lot was constructed, and an above ground structure was built over the underground parking area, to host 20 specialty boutiques that sell elaborated food products like fresh pasta, cheese, meat and prepared food.

4.4 | Case Studies | March Jean-Talon, Montral, Canada

The market is opened everyday, and during the summer days, the market is busy with customers from all around the city. Weekends are the busiest days of the week, making pedestrian circulation crazy. The market is open year-round,, even during Montreals severe winters, although during this time walls are placed around the entire market area. During the

Aerial view of March Jean-Talon, Montral, Canada

source: Google maps

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The market gets really busy on the weekends

Very well organized produce in baskets of one pound

Outdoor area of the farmers market

Central stall of the market

peak summer period, between June and October, its open-air arcades are occupied by about 300 vendors, mostly farmers from the countryside around Montreal. The open air market is surrounded by other food businesses: meat, fish and cheese stores, bulk food emporium, dealers in spices and imported goods, bakeries, restaurants and a branch of the SAQ, among others.

Local produce is always preferred

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The Covered Market is located in Villebois, France, a small town of just over 1000 people situated in eastern France. The market was built in 1665 by the same workmen who built the major parts of the castle nearby. Years later in the 1800s, the mayor of the commune borrowed money for the purchase of the market. During this time, the Town hall was established in the surrounding area. In the late 1940s, the old market was under much debate about being demolished. Many locals fought to preserve the old structure. In 1948, the covered market became a historic monument. The market had been restored in the 19th century, with the roof being restored to its original structure and the pavement had been redone in the center of the market. The idea of having a market in a town is a very sustainable practice. The market provides produce and meats for many of the restaurants surrounding it. Much of the food sold is locally grown, much of which is organic. In addition, the limited amount of parking that surrounds the market encourages the residents to walk to the market instead of driving their vehicles.

4.5 | Case Studies | March Villebois-Lavalette, France

Aerial view of town Villebois-Lavalette, France

source: Google maps

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Historic postcard showing the market

Trucks parked that bring produce

Detail of the roof structure

The market in full activity

The parking available for the Covered Market is very limited. Some parking for cars is available along the streets that surround the market. However, delivery trucks occupy much of this space, as it is the designated area for them to bring goods into the market. The market is very centrally located in the town for people to access easily. Many people are able to walk to the center of the town to travel between the market, cafes, shops, etc.
Here you can see the slope of the market

Today, the Covered Market is a small, yet lively market every Saturday and Wednesday morning. Local residents and businesses continue to depend on the market for many of their food needs. On the adjacent streets to the market there are numerous small cafs and stores that create the center for Villebois.

Permanent stone tables of the market

Wood structure of the market

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Situated in the Ribera Quarter, Santa Caterina Market was the first covered market in the city. The Santa Caterina market, is at the heart of a network of narrow streets between two of the citys Gothic churches. Santa Caterina Market was built in 1845 to provide the neighborhoods blue-collar community with foodstuffs. The spacious, modern market building was constructed on the former site of the Convent of Santa Caterina, from which it takes its name. During the post-Civil War period, Santa Caterina became the main food supplier to the towns on the outskirts of Barcelona. In 1997, when the city started the redevelopment of the area, the rambling 19th-century market was architecturally decrepit and dying commercially.

4.6 | Case Studies | Mercat Santa Caterina, Barcelona, Spain

The redesign of the market was done by Enric Miralles and Benedetta Tagliabue (EMBT). The goal of the design is to join the old and new components of the market preserving the original faade, and everything was completed in 2005. The old Santa Caterina food market revealed a gleaming, undulating and brightly colored roof designed to be seen from the air. The roof is attached to the building by

Aerial view of Mercat Santa Caterina, Barcelona, Spain

source: Google maps

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The colorful roof of the market that only near by neighbors can see

Juxtaposition of new and old structures

Meat display

Colorful shops inside of the market

a wooden structure, and a vast mosaic of colored ceramic pieces, representing fruit and vegetables, boldly breaks with the traditional look of a market. Santa Caterina is one of the best places in the city to shop for fresh food, and its restaurants and bars also come highly recommended for those looking for a bite to eat.
Interior space

Detail of the roof structure

Outdoor spaces around the market

Close up view of the colored pattern for the roof of the market

Roof tiles detail

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Springfield started as a trading post, founded by William Pynchon in 1936 on the banks of the Connecticut River. The establishment of the Springfield Armory in 1794 as the main arms factory for the United States Army marked the beginning of an industrial era for the city that ended in 1968 with the closing of the Armory. Main Street was the backbone of the city and connected stores, shops, residential neighborhoods, offices, public buildings, churches and small farms. After the war, the widespread availability of the automobile further encouraged the development of housing in the suburbs, and the residents of Springfield moved to the new neighborhoods away from downtown and Main Street. Business followed their lead, consolidating in big shopping centers complexes. The citys commercial corridor, Main Street, was not immune to the negative twentieth century forces. Interstate Highway 91 construction in the early 70s further broke down the urban structure, isolating the city form the banks of the river, and destroying parts of neighborhoods like the North and South Ends of Springfield.

Postcard showing Main Street in downtown Springfield

5.1 | Site Analysis | Metro area of Springfield, MA

Main Street in downtown Springfield

Downtown Springfield seen from Main Street

Downtown Springfield seen from Interstate 91

Aerial view of the Connecticut valley source: Google maps

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Springfield is located near to the intersection of Interstate 90 and Interstate 91. This privileged location has allowed the city to still play a relevant role in the economy of the Connecticut river valley, making it the center of a metropolitan area of 700,000 inhabitants, that extends from Northampton, Massachusetts to the north and Windsor Locks, Connecticut to the south. This area along the Connecticut river extending from Springfield to Hartford is also known as the Knowledge Corridor. It is composed by a high concentration of educational institutions, hospitals, cultural institutions and a diverse pool of companies that focus in finances, services, health care, distribution and technology. Springfield is a city that sprawls with a large web of suburbs that enter in conflict with surrounding farmland. Western Massachusetts has been historically a rich farming area and is currently a source of fresh produce that invigorates the buy local movement. This situation opens another area of economical and social development which has gained strength in recent years, and has the potential of further development..

Topo map of the Springfield Metropolitan area source: Google maps

Map showing in gray the urban land, in green farmland and red farmland being threatened by urban sprawl. Source: American Farmland Trust

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South End is the smallest of the seventeen neighborhoods of Springfield, Massachusetts. It is located immediately south of the city center. It contains 196 acres of land, plus streets and railroads. Its boundaries are Union and Howard Streets to the north; Mill Street, Mill River and Main Street to the south; Maple Street to the east; and the Connecticut River to the west. South End has long been home to Springfields Italian community, and it remains so today. One can find numerous Italian restaurants and pastry shops, e.g. Red Rose Pizzeria, Frigos, Zonins Meats and La Fiorentina, Mom and Ricos, among many others. During the summer, as in New York City and Boston, Springfields South End Italians celebrate the annual Catholic Feast Days. In Springfield, the South Ends largest annual feast day is the annual Our Lady of Mount Carmel Festival, during which attendees can purchase many different kinds of Italian food and souvenirs. Main Street is the street that structures the neighborhood. Most of the commerce is concentrated here, including most of the Italian culinary institutions of the neighborhood. The South End is well served by public transportation, and different bus lines run through Main Street, connecting the South End with downtown. Downtown Springfield is very close by foot, making the two neighborhoods rely each other for services. Most of the problems that Springfield suffers right now are also problems of the South End. Many residents moved away from the neighborhood, decreasing the value of properties, and affecting the commercial performance of the neighborhood.
Interior of La Fiorentina Pastry Shop

Red Rose Restaurant

5.2 | Site Analysis | South End Neighborhood

Exterior of Mom and Ricos Speciality Market

Despite this situation, Italian businesses have been able to overcome this difficulty. Most of the traditional Italian shops have remained in the South End, most of them focus on the importation and elaboration of typical Italian food. The fact they are located in the traditional Springfield Italian neighborhood adds to the value of their products. In order to survive they have created branches in other cities, and they have also created web-based businesses to reach customers away from the South End. The fact they remained in the South End also helped them

Window at Mom and Ricos Speciality Market

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South End, Springfield, MA

Axonometric aerial view of the South End , Springfield, MA

source: Google maps

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5.2 | Site Analysis | Neighborhood | Aerial 1957

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Aerial view of the South End, the bigger red limit is the Neighborhood limit, the smaller limit is the studio work area, Scale 1=500

South End, Springfield, MA

Aerial view of the South End 2011, after the construction of Interstate 91, Scale 1=500

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from an economical point of view. They were able to expand their facilities and purchase parking lots at convenient prices as the general real state sector is depressed. Some signs of revitalization have been seen in recent times. Perhaps the most obvious one is the renovation of Main Street in the South End with new sidewalks, street signs, pedestrian crossings and lights. The neighborhood physical limits differ slightly from the legal limits. Towards the Connecticut river we can say that I-91 highway is the real limit of the neighborhood, acting as a wall. The land between I-91 and the river remains in some way autonomous in nature, acting as a park cornered between the river and the highway. Towards the east, Maple street does not feel like a part of the neighborhood, especially with the nice alignments of mansions. The real east limit is the slope that is heavily forested, acting as a lush green background, and buffer to the most affluent neighbors in Maple street. The topographic map to the right shows the extents of the flat plateau seventy feet above sea level, along the Connecticut River and it allows us to understand the neighborhood as a homogeneous area. To the east edge of the South End a steep slope reaches one hundred and eighty feet above sea level, and constitutes a strong physical barrier for the neighborhood. In the next two pages we can see the grain of the neighborhood, the Nolli map that shows the mass and void relationships. We can also see the relatively prevalent footprint grain, and also that individual houses, larger retail and bigger institutional buildings are the dominant footprints in the area. In the paved area map, we can see not only the extent of paved surface (like most downtown cities), but also the nature of this pavement. We will try to see how we can intervene this kind of landscape to improve the relationship between paved and pervious surfaces. The fast food versus slow food map does not show an overwhelming quantity of food related business, but allows us to talk about this subject and explain how this concept has gained a lot of interest recently. The most dynamic portion of the economy of the South End is precisely in this niche business of speExisting vegetation and parks of the South End Sc: 1=1000
E ST EP OP SL E

I-91

CO NN EC TIC UT RIV
I-91

5.2 | Site Analysis | Neighborhood | Natural Features

Natural and artificial limits of the South End Scale: 1=1000

ER
PARK

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South End, Springfield, MA

Topography of the South End, Scale 1=500

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5.2 | Site Analysis | Neighborhood | Nolli map

Nolli map of the South End, Scale 1=500

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South End, Springfield, MA

Sidewalks Driveway/Parking Roofs Roads/Streets

Paved surface of the South End, Scale 1=500

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5.2 | Site Analysis | Neighborhood | Artificial Features

Slow Food Fast Food

Fast food & slow food businesses

Scale: 1=1000

cialty Italian food, either imported or manufactured in site. The Italians were the ones who coined the concept of slow food. Slow food does not only refer to the speed with which you eat your food, but also relates to the speed we grow, and manufacture our food. These facts directly affect the quality of the flavor of the food and the nutritional value of it. The vacant land map does not only focus on how much land is vacant from an economical point of view but the map also shows how the land is vacant from a spatial point of view. Thanks to this map you can see the overwhelming extend of parking lots, which is the most prevalent type of surface of the neighborhood. The building height map to the right shows the discreet elevations that most of the neighborhood has. Despite common sense, higher elevations do not

Vacant Parking

Vacant & parking land of the South End

Scale: 1=1000

Exterior of La Fiorentina Pastry Shop

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South End, Springfield, MA

4 FLOORS & MORE 3 FLOORS 2 FLOORS 1 FLOOR

Building heights of the buildings of the South End, Scale 1=500

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Urban Design Studio

concentrate towards Main Street and are mostly located towards Downtown to the north, in the Hollywood district to the east, and scattered around the rest of the neighborhood. The land use and zoning maps confirm us what was easily perceivable with a quick walk around the South End. Commercial uses are concentrated along Main Street and Interstate I-91. The commercial activities related with the car are all concentrated along I-91, and those along Main Street still rely on a strong visual presence for the cars that drive along Main Street. Obviously, all these businesses provide parking lots for their customers. The typologies map to the right addresses a category that usually involves multiple aspects of the function and form of a building. The most prevalent typology in the neighborhood is the isolated wood frame house. Most of these houses are double decker apartment buildings, with two separated units; one in the first floor and another in the second floor. Most of these units were probably single family units in their origins. Then the single story buildings that host commercial uses are along Main Street and I-91. They do not have any other distinctive characteristics other than their heights, and lack of any architecture value as the only function they provide is to generate revenue. They usually look like a box without too much decoration. Multi story brick buildings are one of the typologies with the richest architectural value of the neighborhood. They can be between 2 and 5 floors. They are mostly concentrated along Main Street towards the north of the neighborhood, near downtown. You also have some pockets of this typology, and the most relevant buildings are the ones located in the Hollywood district. The other residential typology is a category I called Mansions. They are large single family houses, of high architectural value, all of them concentrated along the Maple street corridor along the east edge of the neighborhood. The last typology I was able to identify is the one that groups all those large and unique buildings that act more or less in an autonomous way without necessarily relating to the structures near to them. I called them Institutional buildings mostly due to their uniqueness and because they are used by institutions.

Residential Commercial Vacant Educational Religious/Cultural Civic

5.2 | Site Analysis | Neighborhood | Artificial Features

Land Use of the South End

Scale: 1=1000

Business ABC Residential BC Residential A Industrial W Columbus Commercial AP

Zoning of the South End

Scale: 1=1000

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South End, Springfield, MA

Wood frame house Multi story brick building Single story commercial Institutional building Mansion

Building typologies of the buildings of the South End, Scale 1=500

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The site on which we are working, is composed by the city blocks between Main, Dale, Winthrop, Morris and Central streets. These two city blocks are rather elongated, and very centrally located within the Italian institutions of the South End. The Mount Carmel cultural center is in the block between Winthrop and Morris. La Fiorentina pastry shop is in the corner of Winthrop and Main, and Zonins Meats is on Winthrop st. The site is mostly surrounded by residences. Most of them are isolated and two stories wood frame houses. Along Central Street we have a row of brick town houses recently restored, that provides a magnificent edge to our site. On the corner of Main and Central we have a 5 stories brick building from the heydays of Springfield. In the northeast corner of the site we have a building that used to be a garage, and is currently abandoned. The studio did not consider this structure as part of the project and none of the projects included it. The northern part of the block between Morris and Central that currently is vacant, is called the Gemini site and was used as a manufacturing building (the company name was Gemini). The site used to be heavily polluted, and the city got a grant to clean the site, and now is in good condition to be developed without exposing residents with toxic waste. To the left you can see an aerial picture with the factory still on the site. The rest of the neighborhood has not changed dramatically since 1957. The site presents a good amount of vegetation, especially thanks to the different houses backyards, and the great trees that grow along Central street. The steep slope to the east of the site also provides a good amount of vegetation, which is so much needed for an urban site like this.
Brick building in the corner of Central and Main streets

Aerial picture of the site, taken in 1957

5.3 | Site Analysis | Former Gemini Site

Row of townhouses on Central street

The site presents a 25 feet grade change from one extreme to the other. Most of the site towards Main Street is relatively flat with less than 3%, and towards the east we reach a slope closer to 9%. Independently from the slope on the site, the site is also defined by a very steep slope that makes a separation between the South End area near Main Street and the area closer to Maple street where most of the mansions are located. The area where the stu-

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South End, Springfield, MA

Aerial view 2011 of the Site Area, Scale 1=150

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Existing vegetation along Central Street

dents will be working is roughly 5 Acres. The site is located in a relatively quiet neighborhood. The portion of the site closer to Main Street is exposed to noise coming from the vehicles that circulate on this busy city street. Main Street is an important avenue for the circulation of public transportation as well. Central street also has a significant amount of traffic as this street is one of the few that connects Main Street and Maple street. The land use around the site is very simple. The two blocks where we worked have a significant amount of vacant land. This vacant land is where most of the proposals concentrate, as seemed reasonably to keep as much of the existing neighborhood buildings, we didnt eliminate structures. We have mostly residential uses surrounding the work area, and towards Main Street you will find most of the commercial activities. We have a small area for cultural uses where the Mount Carmel Italian cultural center in the corner of Winthrop and Main Street are located. The Nolli map that shows the mass and void relationships is an excellent snapshot of the general situation of the South End. You can see all the footprints sizes and shapes that you can find all over the neighborhood. We can see the smaller houses in

5.3 | Site Analysis | Former Gemini Site | Natural Features

Vegetation around the Site

Scale: 1=300

Topography around the Site

Scale: 1=300

Steep slope to the north of Dale and Morris streets

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the interior of the city blocks, the larger commercial footprints towards Main Street, larger footprints towards the periphery of the image. The only unusual footprint we found in the image is the long row of townhouses that is an odd typology for the South End, and is more commonly found in Downtown Springfield, but our proximity to downtown may explain the existence of this buildings here. The Paved surfaces map of the site shows with more detail, the different types of pavements we showed in the same map for the neighborhood scale. The presence of smaller individual housing units allows us to have more unpaved land. The presence of the vacant parcels also decreases the presence of impervious surface. This condition is an opportunity of which the students took advantage and left as much land unpaved in their projects, playing a careful balance between the needs of the market place and the open space portion of the program that they had to work with. The larger portions of pavement other than streets, usually are parking lots that serve the different commercial buildings and cultural institutions. Unfortunately owners tend to put these parking lots very visible from Main Street, leaving empty spaces on Main Street. This is another opportunity that the students took advantage of, and they did a very good job by filling the missing tenth of Main Street.

Noise around the Site

Scale: 1=300

Typical two stories wood frame buildings you find in the South End

Land Use around the Site

Scale: 1=300

Mount Carmel Society during the Italian Community festivities

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5.3 | Site Analysis | Former Gemini Site | Nolli map

Nolli map of the Site Area, Scale 1=150

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South End, Springfield, MA

Sidewalks Driveway/Parking Roofs Roads/Streets

Paved surfaces of the Site Area, Scale 1=150

43

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Winthrop St Parking
Main

6.1 | Students Work | Ballman & Kolpek

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Mount Carmel Society Dale St

Stree t

Margaret St
Permanent Market Morris St

Morris St

Temporary Market

Amphitheater

Community Gardens

Frem on

t St

Central St Ashmun St

Urban Design Studio

Longitudinal section of the project, temporary market to the left, water retention area in the center, permanent market area to the right

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The concept of this project is to create a series of spaces that respond to the needs of the particular emplacement and the program. The project does not rely on a single structural element to articulate the whole. On the contrary, a series of fragments that compose this project are organized and united by a series of canopies that invite the visitor to transition from one place to the other. The project creates a gateway that leads to Main Street with a roof between two buildings. These two buildings accommodate the indoor component of the public market. Once you cross this gateway, you transition into a series of open spaces that are articulated with a trellis structure leading you towards the interior of the project. Near the parking lot, the students created a series of water retention areas that treat the runoff waters. Towards the middle of the project you will find the temporary market component that is organized with two parallel series of transparent canopies which are intended to accommodate the market and to be a colorful amenity of the park. Towards the end of the project you have a large open lawn which can accommodate multiple outdoor activities, and at the very end there is an amphitheater, that takes advantage of the slope.
Transversal section of the project, temporary market to the left, Morris street in the center, permanent market in the background to the right

View of the model of the temporary market

Longitudinal section of the project, temporary market to the left, park in the center, amphitheater area to the right

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Section of the temporary market area

Public space in a day without market

Public space in a market day

6.1 | Students Work | Ballman & Kolpek

Focus area around the temporary market, community gardens area to the left

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South End, Springfield, MA

Section of the water retention area and the permanent market building, to the right is Main Street

Series of structures that make the connection between the permanent market area and the temporary market area

Mount Carmel Society

Focus area around the permanent market, Main Street is to the left

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Winthrop St Parking
Main

6.2 | Students Work | Bernard & Stone

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Mount Carmel Society Dale St

Stree t

Margaret St
Permanent Market Morris St Temporary Market

Morris St

Community Gardens

Frem on

t St

Central St Ashmun St

Urban Design Studio

Transversal section of the project, parking lot to the left, temporary market in the center, park area to the right

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The structure of this project is a grid. But not any kind of grid. This students used a grid that runs parallel to the streets Winthrop and Morris streets in one direction, and in the other direction runs with an angle (borrowed from main street), mirroring the angle that Main Street has with Winthrop street. The result is a series of Interior spaces, thanks to which you can walk from one place to the other in the project in a direction that feels natural. Some transparent structures are aligned in different places and help to shape the space, complementing the tree canopies. Furthermore, they reinforce the direction to the circulation. The permanent component of the market is towards Main Street, building a place around the Italian cultural center. The more temporary component of the market is in the point where the circulation crosses Morris street, feeling more like a continuation of the permanent market on Main Street. Towards the end the project immerses us in a forested park, where the vegetation shapes a system of masses and voids, in some instances articulated with transparent structures that provide harder edges to some spaces
Longitudinal section of the project, temporary market to the left, park area n the center, community gardens area to the right

View of the model of the permanent market

Transversal section of the project, Morris street to the left, community garden area to the right

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Urban Design Studio

Section through the park and temporary market

View of the park portion of the design

View of the park portion of the design with the trellis structures

6.2 | Students Work | Bernard & Stone

Temporary Market

Focus area around the temporary market, Main Street is to the left

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South End, Springfield, MA

Section through the park and permanent market

View of the permanent market area

View of the permanent market area

Mount Carmel Society

Focus area around the permanent market, Main Street is to the left

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Winthrop St Parking
Main

6.3 | Students Work | Gallagher & Reichheld

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Permanent Market Mount Carmel Society Dale St
Stree

Margaret St
t

Community Gardens

Temporary Market

Morris St

Morris St

Amphitheater

Frem o

nt St

Central St Ashmun St

Urban Design Studio

Longitudinal section of the project, permanent market to the left, temporary market area in the center, amphitheater area to the right

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION This project uses the strength of the diagonal, connecting the two extremes of the project. All spaces and elements are structured from or around this diagonal line that also functions as a central circulation. Another peculiarity of this project is the realignment of Morris street. This change does not only slows down the traffic; it also provides more land to the central parcel of the project. This idea allows the incorporation of a circular shape which will characterize this central space and will be used as the temporary public market, acting as the heart of the project. The permanent component of the market is towards Main Street, and is shaped by a simple structure divided in two by a gateway. This enabled us to create an urban hall which can welcome visitors and allows room for everyday activities. This hall provides a wide space along Main Street and a covered pathway with not only an access to the market but also a perspective to the rest of the project. Thanks to all these diverse geometric gestures, the vegetation can play an important part as it can be used as a separation or as a transitional element for different geometries.

Section of the parking lot area

View of the model of the temporary market

Transversal section of the project, existing houses to the left, proposed park area to the right

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Section elevation of the park

6.3 | Students Work | Gallagher & Reichheld

View of the temporary market from the open space

View of the central space with the temporary market in the back

Focus area around the temporary market

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South End, Springfield, MA

Section elevation of the permanent market from Main Street

View of the parking lot near Mount Carmel Society

View from Main Street of the permanent market

Focus area near the permanent market, central axis of the park is to the right

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Winthrop St Parking Mount Carmel Society
Main

6.4 | Students Work | Jackson, Madeiras & Petrouski

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Dale St Permanent Market

Stree t

Margaret St
Temporary Market

Morris St

Morris St

Community Gardens

Frem o

nt St

Central St Ashmun St
Urban Design Studio

Longitudinal section of the project, existing houses to the left, proposed building, park area and community gardens to the right, existing town houses in the background

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION This project relies on a more traditional use of the grid. Their orthogonal grid does not only provide unity to the project, but plays also a role in the design of the different spaces. The main premise of this project was to fill the voids in the neighborhood fabric, making the metaphor of filling the missing teeth the real motto for saving this neighborhood of the city. On Main Street the completion of the block gets achieved with the insertion of the indoor public market and the replacement of the suburban layout of Dunkin Donuts with a more urban footprint. Towards the inside of the project you can see rows of townhouses that mimic the magnificent row in Central street. The center of the space is a large open space allowing multiple uses and towards the back of the project, the community gardens gain in interest as they accommodate the existing topography with a series of terraces. The temporary component of the public market acts as a continuation of the building in Main Street and allows to shape the profile of Morris street.

View of the model of the temporary market

Transversal section of the project, proposed buildings on Morris street to the left, proposed park area in the center with community gardens in the background, Central st to the right

Transversal section of the project, existing houses to the left, proposed building in the center, permanent and temporary market in the background to the right

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Section elevation of the park, community garden to the right

6.4 | Students Work | Jackson, Madeiras & Petrouski

View of the play field near the community gardens

Aerial view of the community gardens area

Focus area around the community gardens

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Section elevation of the temporary market , permanent market in the background

Section elevation of the Mount Carmel Society, permanent market to the right

Mount Carmel Society

Focus area around the permanent market, Main Street is to the left

Detail of pavement transition

Section elevation of the park, with existing town houses in the background and proposed town houses to the right

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Winthrop St
Main

6.5 | Students Work | Lammerding & Ritacco

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Parking Mount Carmel Society Dale St
Stree

Margaret St
Permanent Market
t

Community Gardens

Morris St

Morris St

Temporary Market

Frem o

nt St

Central St

Ashmun St

Urban Design Studio

Transversal section of the project, parking area to the left, Morris street in the center, temporary market to the right

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The use of the diagonal in this project is quite interesting, since it does not connect the extremities but Main Street and the central part of the block between Morris and Central Street. This idea allows Main Street to be closer to both of the markets. It also leaves more open space towards the back of the project, closer to the residential units, away from the busy parts of the markets. The diagonal starts in the corner of Winthrop and Main streets as an urban foyer that brings us between the indoor market and the Mount Carmel cultural center. Then we pass through an intermediate space connecting the market and the parking lot before reaching Morris street and the temporary market place. The temporary market place has an elegant structure which can act as a support and organizer for the market. When the market is not functioning, the structure is a transparent structure that organizes the whole space and the circulations. The buffer between the temporary marketplace and the houses to the south holds water runoff and gives a lush green edge which isolates the houses from the possible nuisances of the market.

Transversal section of the project, water retention area to the left, Morris street in the center, permanent market in the background to the right

View of the model of the temporary market

Transversal section of the project, water retention area to the left, existing building to the right

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Section elevation of the temporary market

6.5 | Students Work | Lammerding & Ritacco

View of the temporary market with vendor tables layout

View of the structure that accommodates the temporary market

Focus area around the temporary market, Main Street is to the left

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Section elevation of the Mount Carmel Society

View from the space next to the permanent market

View of Mount Carmel Society and open space next to it

Mount Carmel Society

Permanent Market

Focus area around the permanent market, Main Street is to the left

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Winthrop St Parking
Main

6.6 | Students Work | Naughton & Silveira

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Mount Carmel Society Dale St

Stree

Margaret St
Permanent Market
t

Community Gardens

Morris St Temporary Market

Morris St

Open Space

Courtyard

Frem o

nt St

Central St Ashmun St

Urban Design Studio

Longitudinal section of the project, Main Street and permanent market to the left, proposed park and community gardens to the right

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Their project is organized with two C shaped markets. The one on Main street is the permanent market. The one towards the interior of the block is the temporary market. The one towards Main Street creates a large open space on Main street and makes the building shape surrounds the Mount Carmel cultural center. In doing this it also hides the parking lot. The temporary market is a transparent structure with a canopy that hosts the market and acts as pergola when the market is not active. The pergola surrounds an open space that feels like a cloister courtyard, bringing a corner of peace in the middle of the city. Between the two markets a large open space shaped by pergolas acts as a connector between the two markets, raising the pavement to protect pedestrians and to slow vehicle traffic.

Transversal section of the project, temporary market in the center and park to the right

View of the model of the temporary market

Transversal section of the temporary market

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Section elevation of the permanent market

Section elevation of the permanent market

View of the entrance of the market from Main Street

6.6 | Students Work | Naughton & Silveira

Mount Carmel Society

Focus area around the permanent market, Main Street is to the left

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South End, Springfield, MA

Section elevation of the temporary market

View of the space created by the temporary market

Focus area in the area where the permanent market and the temporary market meet

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Winthrop St Parking
Main

6.7 | Students Work | Hart & Walls

MASTER PLAN

Overall Site Plan, Scale: 1=120 Mount Carmel Society Dale St Permanent Market
Stree t

Margaret St

Morris St.

Morris St

Temporary Market

Community Gardens

Frem o

nt St

Central St Ashmun St

Urban Design Studio

Transversal Section of the project, parking lot to the left, proposed building in the center, temporary market and Central street to the right

South End, Springfield, MA

PROJECT DESCRIPTION This last project used traditional landscape architecture elements as the main vocabulary of the project. Trees and pavement patterns are the essence of this project. The trees are used in a very strong and urban way, following the guidance of the existing vegetation in Central street. The use of pavement is very interesting. This team analyzed the Mercat Santa Caterina in Barcelona. In that project the roof has a rich and colorful design, although not many people can see it. The students draw their inspiration from this roof and they did a similar patter for the pavement of this project. The colorful pattern can be seen everywhere, allowing the visitor to find his bearings very easily in the different parts of the park. The permanent market is towards Main Street, and the temporary market is in the back of the project organized with colorful and undulating canopies.
Longitudinal section of the project, temporary market to the left, proposed park area and community gardens to the right

View of the model of the temporary market

Transversal section of the project, Winthrop street to the left, Morris street to the right

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Section elevation of the permanent market area, the market to the left, the outdoor space to the right

View of the outdoor space near the permanent market

View towards the temporary market

6.7 | Students Work | Hart & Walls

Focus area around the permanent market, Main Street is to the left

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Section elevation of the temporary market

View of the temporary market

View towards the temporary market

Focus area around the temporary market, Main Street is to the left

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Cooper Marcus, Clare and Francis, Carolyn, People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Spaces Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990 Dalibard, Jacques, Reviving Main Street, Published in association with the Heritage Canada Foundation by University of Toronto Press, 1985 DAmato, Donald, Springfield-350 years, Donning Co., 1985 Harris, Charles and Dines, Nicholas, Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, McGrawHill Professional, 1997 Herr, Philip B. Urban revitalization in Massachusetts: cities and towns: issues and prospects, edited by John Mullin and carol Thomas, Commonwealth books,1985 Hester, Randolph, Design for Ecological Democracy, The MIT Press, 2010 Hou, Jeffrey, Johnson, Julie M. , and Lawson, Laura J., Greening Cities Growing Communities, Learning from Seattles Urban Community Gardens, University of Washington Press, 2009 Jacobs, Allan B., Great Streets, MIT Press, 1993 Jacobs, Jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House, New York, 1961 Krier, Rob, Urban Space, Rizzoli, New York, 1979 Lynch, Kevin, Image of the City, The MIT Press, 1960 Lynch, Kevin, Site Planning, The MIT Press, 1984 Rossi, Aldo, The Architecture of the City, The MIT Press, 1984 Sleegers, Frank, Revitalizing the South End -The Gateway for Downtown Springfield, University of Massachusetts, 2009 Websites American Farmland Trust Community involved in sustaining agriculture Federation of Massachusetts Farmers Markets: Massachusetts grown and fresher! Project for Public Spaces: www.farmland.org www.buylocalfood.org www.massfarmersmarkets.org www.mass.gov/agr/massgrown www.pps.org www.uli.org www.urbansquares.com www.wikipedia.org

7.0 | Bibliography
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Urban Land Institute: Urban Squares: Wikipedia:

University of Massachusetts at Amherst Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning

www.nolli.org

Ediciones Nolli 2011