State Estimation

In RTMC of a PS, the SCADA system at the control center

must
 Scan the PS periodically
 Acquire data through RTUs

The measured data inevitably are subjected to errors that

are usually caused by the following:
o Metering errors
o Transducer errors
o A/D conversion errors
o Communication noise
o Accidental faults/random disturbances of metering
instruments or communication systems
o Simultaneous metering of certain measurement spots
o Measurements of a process in transition
 Without any external filtering or means of detection,
these erroneous measurements can distort the
Operator’s perception of what is occurring in the
network and may mislead into adopting a course of
action that is suboptimal.
 The goal of PS State Estimation is to provide reliable, accurate
and complete set of data for the real time monitoring and
control of the power system.
 By processing available measurements, together with the
knowledge of the network topology and line model
parameters, power system state estimation can obtain an
accurate estimate of the state variables, which include bus
voltages and phase angles.
 State estimation turns the “Raw” measured data into “Ripe
and ready-to-use” data but also detects and identifies bad
data that might contaminate other data.
 A PS State Estimator is a collection of computer programs
that converts telemetered data into a reliable estimate of the
system state and topology by accounting for small random
metering and communication errors, bad data due to
transients and telemetry failures, uncertainties in system
parameter values, and errors in the network model due to
faulty CB statuses.
A state estimator provides the following basic functions:
- Eliminate measurement errors
- Detect and identify bad measurements
- Estimate power system parameters such as line impedance
- Provide data for lines and buses that are not metered
The performance of the optimization and control of a modern
PS relies heavily on the performance of the state estimator that
the EMS/SCADA utilizes.
An ideal state estimation method should exhibit an excellent
performance in numerical stability, computation efficiency
and implementation complexity.
 Components of State Estimation
A state estimation program generally consists of four
components:
i. Network topology analysis
ii. Observability analysis
iii. State estimation computation
iv. Bad data detection and identification