PREPARED & PRESENTED BY

Dr MRIDUL UMESH
▪ Atmospheric CO2 reduction
▪ Sewage Treatment by Bacteria and Algae
▪ Eutrophication and phosphorus pollution
▪ Management of metal pollution

▪ Immobilized cells in the management of pollution

2
▪ Lower atmosphere has CO2 concentration of 0.0314%
▪ Continuous addition – industrial process
▪ Increase in CO2 concentration causes global warming
▪ Double the concentration of CO2 – Temperature increases by 2 -5˚ C

▪ Two approaches used for biotechnological reduction of CO2 are

Photosynthesis
Biological calcification

3
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

▪ Higher Plant Photosynthesis – Fast growing trees are more photosynthetic,

micropropagation and synthetic seed production can also be advocated.
Defforestaion triggers to increase in CO2 – Afforestation recommended
▪ Biotechnological method – genetic manipulation targeting enzyme RUBP
case (ribulose biphosphate carboxylase)

4
Microalgal photosynthesis
▪ Microalgae are more efficient in utilizing CO2
▪ High amount of oxygen us generated

▪ Growing micro algae in vicinity of industries or power plants

▪ Microalgae are photobioreactors – accumulate biomass – SCP

▪ Genetic manipulation – to resist higher concentration of CO2, high biomass

yield

5
BIOLOGICAL CALCIFICATION
▪ Certain organism present in deep sea (corals, red algae) are capable of
converting carbon dioxide to Calcium carbonate thereby storing it.

6
▪ Sewage – waste water resulting from domestic and industrial process
▪ Composed of organic and inorganic compounds, toxic substances, pathogens,
heavy metals.
▪ Biological treatment of sewage – organic matter is biodegraded – bacterial
oxidation
▪ Organic molecules are degraded to ammonia, carbon dioxide and phosphate

▪ Biodegradation requires constant supply of oxygen – bubbling of atmospheric

oxygen
▪ Continuous supply of oxygen – achieved by growing microalgae – dissolved
oxygen

7
▪ Algal bacterial symbiosis – photosynthetic oxygenation and the biodegradation of
sewage organic matter.
▪ This is a natural and inexpensive process
▪ In addition to the supply of carbon dioxide – algae used in sewage treatment –
absorption of heavy metals.
▪ Algal treatment of sewage – supports fish growth, SCP – food/feed, pathogenic
load is greatly reduced.

8
9