San Pablo Colleges

STATIONARY VENDO MACHINE WITH INK REFILLING STATION

VENDING MACHINES

The Review of related Literature for this study Portable vending machines is devices for dispensing ,
easily available necessary equipment for the use of man. The aim is to construct an automatic vending
machine prototype model, which can be installed in schools, colleges, hospitals other public places to
dispense pens, pencils, and sanitary napkins during needs with appropriate mechanical designs for item
collection. Also, micro-controller circuitry for coin checking, and dispensing for items is to be proposed
and implemented in real time.

However, according to Dilip Kumur, (2022) Implementing such a machine in realtime will be of great
use for people. The advantage of the machine is it requires no manpower, consumes less power, occupies
less space maintenance free simple in operation portable. The objective is to develop a vending machine
prototype model for vending the items by credit or transaction. The availability of the items is also
checked. It finds its application mainly for students.

(https://iarjset.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IARJSET.2022.9421.pdf)

The study entitled “ Industrial Vending Machine” by (Kadu et al. (2020). States that an Automatic
vending machine is an automation device that is required in the present situations to build up a selling
system for any items in this way. It has a wide range of applications in the public sector. It has
applications specialized in the food domain such as snacks, eatables, chocolates, etc. Vending Machine
can make automation at that interface and can provide a selection of variations in products for
consumers.

(https://www.academia.edu/resource/work/42084343)

According to Wang, M., and Yao, J. (2021), the location difficulty of unmanned vending machines is
challenging due to the number of customer preferences and random breakdown in service. In this
paper, the researchers present an optimization concept for reliable location design of unmanned
vending machines, with the goal of minimizing total costs and maximizing customer satisfaction. The
researchers solve the drawback through a two-stage method in order to mine customers' preferences
from their behaviors and enhance design reliability. - Wang, M., Yao, J. (2021). A reliable location
design of unmanned vending machines based on customer satisfaction
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(https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-reliable-location-design-of-unmanned-vending-on-Wang-
Yao/e0d985f05dabf12705068532a3c76bc9872986f9?utm_source=direct_link&fbclid=IwAR0Lr_GiV
aWslSvfQcLSklYaAzScu5hr7R3Oqbvq_JPdWFCMtR9ruSkU0wU)

According to DT Wiyanti and MN Alim (2020) Vending Machines (VMs) have their own beverage
vending machines that serve purchase transactions. A global network of interconnected objects known
as the Internet of Things (IoT) may communicate with one another, increasing the value of IoT for
businesses. This article proposes a conceptual design for a VM system that includes online
information management and e-money transactions. The machine has a scanner, a lot of storage,
sensors, and a system to keep track of inventory.

Wiyanti, D., & Alim, M. (2020). Automated vending machine with IoT infrastructure for smart
factory application. Journal of Physics, 1567(3), 032038.

(https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1567/3/032038)

This review of related literature is all about Wi-Fi vendo machines and how can be gonna work on this
product its purpose is to provide easy and affordable internet in the community.

In the study conducted by Alburo et al. (2020), Wi-Fi vendo machine is the cheapest internet connection
because this vending machine is coin-operated you just need to insert a coin to access an internet
connection. This project is largely influenced by the creators of the J2KLC the words "J2KLC came
from the acronym of each member of the research they conducted the research, which surveyed 70
respondents. These researchers study the product price, place, and promotion of the product. The
researchers recommend adding additional freebies and expansion for business.

(https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=vendo+machine&oq=vendo+#d=gs_q
abs&t=1697271827043&u=%23p%3DKKGXHjISSCQJ)

According to Dr. Devarajaiah et al. (2020), this study aims to implement an automatic ink refilling
machine for ballpoints and to avoid the wastage of plastic used in pens and make it reusable. Pen is
Globally used for writing and these are made of plastic. When this is being discarded it adds up to the
negative impact on the environment. And there are no known ways to recycle the discarded pens.
Between the year 2017 and 2018, 600-630 tonnes of pens alone was recorded as a plastic wastage,
worldwide. This ink-refilling machine is mechanically constructed with hydraulic actuation for the
function and is interfaced via an electronically operated interface. This enables a ballpoint to be refilled
 San Pablo Colleges

and reused within less than a minute. The cost of the ink refiller is also less than 1% of the total cost of
the pen.

(https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Automatic-Vending-Machine.pdf)

According to Jadhav et al. (2018), a vending machine is an automatic vending machine that produces a
specific product when a customer inserts a specific amount into the machine. A vending machine is very
convenient and reliable for everyone. The purpose of this study is to make it a more reliable one by
ensuring that there’s no problem when it comes to inserting a coin. Through the help of microcontroller
89s51, putting in the wrong amount of money will not be accepted. This will give alerts and the money
will be back to you.

(https://www.reflector-online.com/opinion/article_bb183f4c-096f-11ea-
953bc3f3f938c447.html?fbclid=IwAR2qmrdjFA_q1311X-
SWGYFFTOj1EYhLSdZYWZOW87pkVu18OCX3V4MLAXo).

According to Mia Rodriguez (2020), many schools use vending machines due to the satisfaction and
time-saving they give to the students and professors. Vending machines can be also used as an
opportunity for additional advertising. Products to be put in the vending machine can be customized
to bear the logo of the business that purchases it. However, according to University of Florida student
Ashley Goez as reported by Samantha Shavell of the Independent Florida Alligator, products at the
vending machine are expensive. That's why Goez said that she would just purchase school supplies
from the vending machine frequently.

(https://www.coursehero.com/file/137592656/BALLPEN-VENDING-MACHINE-WITH-
SINGLEdocx/?fbclid=IwAR051pGLuUW1VM6yXBwRniQaOX9T7iWXjQ6ywa6JV0T8jKYnJc_GI
apS5co)

According to the study uploaded by Lukylamagnaye (2022), a vending machine can help due to the
convenience it gives to the students especially when it is school hours. Students don’t have to rush to
buy the school materials they need. And to make the students happier the researcher looked for more
improvements. The researcher came up with a new and improved vending machine where different
items can transacted at the same time. To ensure that the transaction will be completed and the total
sale is saved a battery backup is also installed here.
 San Pablo Colleges

(https://www.coursehero.com/file/137592656/BALLPEN-VENDING-MACHINE-WITH-
SINGLEdocx/?fbclid=IwAR051pGLuUW1VM6yXBwRniQaOX9T7iWXjQ6ywa6JV0T8jKYnJc_GI
apS5co)

According to Ganesh, S. (2019) Product vending machines are automated machines that dispense
products like snacks and beverages to consumers through cash or cashless transactions. They can stack
different items in each tray, but heavy items can fall from a higher level. Modern vending machines
have both X and Y-axis movements, ensuring delicately packed items are safely dispensed. The
collection bin is user-friendly and keeps the machine at a certain height. Future cashless transaction
methods may include Paytm, debit/credit cards, and voice recognition technology. LCD displays can be
replaced with touch screens, Android apps, and voice recognition technology. - Ganesh, S. (2019).
Significance of product vending machine. ResearchGate, 1–20.

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331036667_Significance_of_Product_Vending_Machine)

According to Deshpande et al.(2022), this study aims to implement a liquid vending machine. It
dispenses beverages like Tea and Coffee since this become a part of people's daily routine especially
those who are working. Liquid vending machine requires the employee to consume just a little time
getting their desired beverages. Employees don't need to cross the streets nor go to the canteen. This
machine has an AVR ATmega16 microcontroller. This model is simple and inexpensive because it has
coin recognition through a CS-616 coin acceptor and IR sensor.

(https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/smart-vending-
machine?fbclid=IwAR1myOlV550arWg0cOaDLkrH26NAyGvp9fwbAXlQUNuAabDAThfd0YESNb
U)

This journal states that automated systems in equipment can be considered systematic control systems
to minimize human tasks or to perform repetitive tasks automatically without human involvement. This
review article focuses on vending machines in the medical field, especially the development of vending
machine design which can be considered one of the important technologies in the pharmaceutical
industry. This article also briefly describes the main production criteria of the dispenser. Then, various
manufacturing methods of dispensers, such as simple manufacturing and 3D printing, as well as the
materials used in 3D printing,
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will also be discussed in detail. The final section includes evaluation methods to demonstrate the
developed devices by comparing the performance of manufactured products as well as through surveys
and feedback from patients and medical staff. Based on the performance evaluation of vending
machines as reported in the literature, it can be concluded that the implementation of vending machines
is necessary to ensure high-quality healthcare community.

(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09544062221099163?fbclid=IwAR0j4n7xAmUdHhyT
-DqqSTzaN31_L7JYj917D2e4vb1GwdYZnhk9032jO1c)

Working of vending machines states that the goal of the project is to develop a dependable, user-friendly
vending machine that satisfies consumer and market demands.

According to HV Ranjan (2023), the prototype construction and assembly are documented,
emphasizing testing procedures and iterative improvements. Overall, this project report serves as a
comprehensive guide for understanding the intricacies of designing and implementing a successful
vending machine, taking into account market demands, user preferences, security measures, and
technological integration.

(https://typeset.io/papers/working-of-vending-machine-
2ck1llym?fbclid=IwAR0Qwo04COL7ud6PRFNoUvDKVS2DLYy7vm3Jt4VS3yI8OGmPXhBYa1SC
j_Q)

The Review of Literature for this study Vending Machine Technologies states that automated machines
known as vending machines, like drinks, snacks, lottery tickets, and other items. And this helps people
save some time purchasing things.

According to Ratnasri & Sharmilan (2021), these vending machines are developed in the way of Non
IoT-based and IoT-based methods. These non-IoT-based machines are not smart and are not operated in
real-time data, which functions when giving cash or cards and inputs (vending things) to the machine.
It is controlled by a microcontroller and distributed to the given inputs. IoT-based machines are
computerized, and have cashless payment facilities, an order facility before going to the vending
machine to order things, and can identify the location of machines the customer.

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357577286_Vending_Machine_Technologies_A_Review_
Article?fbclid=IwAR1ieLjB4jQG7GRTyYlz6UhPKWG5BdIwHFw1zLOv9sIdtIysYnOormXvuvA)
 San Pablo Colleges

Determining The Vending Machine Purchasing Experience Towards Customer Satisfaction Among
University Students states that this study is conducted to establish the relationship between customers'
happiness with their vending machine purchases and the common issue that some of the vending
machines in study areas are not adequately maintained, which causes them to malfunction when
customers most need them to.

According to the research of Aszhar et al. (2022), the primary goal of this study is to determine the
relationship between vending machine purchasing experiences and customer satisfaction and the most
influential determinants. Mode of payment, vending machine condition, vending machine maintenance,
product assortment, and product freshness were evaluated. Vending machines typically offer
convenient, self-contained services and are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Consumers,
particularly in urban regions, seek items that are of good quality, convenient to obtain, delivered quickly,
and are new.

(http://www.ijafb.com/PDF/IJAFB-2022-41-07-21.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1OQQxYII824FzZ3MO-
oWj142DRzGeft_72MbWiDfdTUtH5Lnfv2Et2Aj8)

Snackomat - A Vending Machine To Create Positive Experiences By Bringing People In Contact And
Initiating Small Talk In Waiting Situations states that this research is about the small talk that people
can create while waiting in line, using the vending machine as a way of engaging with others.

In the study conducted by Burmester et al. (2020), the “Snackomat” is a vending machine offering
snacks for free, installed in waiting situations, and designed to initiate small talk and create a positive
experience. Here, we experimentally compare the effect on the user experience of the Snackomat to the
effect of a coffee machine as a control condition with 58 participants. Participants' Behavior was
observed in waiting situations where observers were blind to the study’s objective. However, the
experimental setting most likely attenuated differences between the two conditions. Future studies
should thus replicate the findings in a natural setting. Nevertheless, the Snackomat is a promising
application example of designing for positive experiences.

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341765525_Snackomat_-
_A_Vending_Machine_To_Create_Positive_Experiences_By_Bringing_People_In_Contact_And_Init
iating_Small_Talk_In_Waiting_Situations?fbclid=IwAR1iy1arWrzDITy6pSOlaw4NOSp63R_qDDV
TzO8GTU4YHbNu2IZmLyIXcu0)
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The Review of the Related literature for this study Vending Machine Technologies states that automated
machines are in demand for making numerous activities not only easier but also more efficient. These
machines require minimal human intervention to carry out the work. The machine has numerous inputs
and outputs to provide service to customers.

However, according to (Ratnasri & Sharmilan, 2021) These IoT-based machines are assisted by
suppliers to identify the availability of the stocks. Simulation software and prototypes are used to
validate the machines. In this review it is found that most of the vending machines developed are
capable of operating without IoT technology, and nowadays, vending machine systems are required to
implement using IoT with machine learning, and artificial technologies to satisfy the customer
preferences.

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343728213_Design_of_a_high-
tech_vending_machine?fbclid=IwAR0v4ZdRRHUdEL1UAikW4bETytXVYA3fMJEXUftLbJnyLigC
OOh5Wdcsd8A)

In Review of Stationary Vending Machine, it states that In any circumstance, vending machines are
essential to human life. In addition, we may always and anywhere buy the necessities from a vending
machine.

According to the research of Dhanjode et al. (2020), the Vending machine plays an important role in
human life in every situation. An automated Stationary vending machine system is introduced to reduce
manpower, time, and energy. It is similar to an ATM through which we get the required items at a
vending machine any time & any place. We proposed a Stationary vending machine that dispenses
stationery items like pens, pencils, erasers, etc. for school/college students, etc.
(http://hbrppublication.com/OJS/index.php/ARIE/article/view/1278)

The Design of a High-Tech Vending Machine states that some of the vending machine owners are
suffering from vandalism and hacking. That is why high-tech vending machines are the only solution
for this. According to Sibanda et al. (2020), the aim of this paper is to design a high-tech vending
machine that can dispense a variety of products at the same time. The machine uses fingerprint sensors
and other high-tech features for security and user friendliness. The security system, which uses
biometrics for opening and closing doors, was interrogated and used.
 San Pablo Colleges

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343728213_Design_of_a_high-
tech_vending_machine?fbclid=IwAR2qmrdjFA_q1311X-
SWGYFFTOj1EYhLSdZYWZOW87pkVu18OCX3V4MLAXo)
 San Pablo Colleges

INK – INK REFILLING

The Review of Related Literature for this study Marker Pen states the convenience and necessity of the
body and cap of a marker pen, as well as how to address issues such as cap loss and ink drying. This
study collects literature and data on marker pen varieties, pen case designs, ink compositions, etc., for
analysis and as a reference for the research. Based on the analysis of the literature review, conceptual
ideas are proposed, and innovative designs are developed using principles of intrinsic safety, TRIZ, and
universal design, which serve as the foundation for the research design. And practical design analysis
was conducted using IPA analysis and the Kano model.

However, according to (Abellan-Nebot & Pastor, 2023), This marker requires the user to remove the
cap before use, and if not careful, the cap can be easily lost, leading to the drying of the pen tip. The
pen tip is typically exposed when in use, and after each use, the cap needs to be placed back on the pen
tip and tightened clockwise, which can be cumbersome. When the ink in the pen tip is depleted or dried
out, the pen is either discarded or refilled, with both options posing environmental concerns or potential
issues with uneven ink distribution during refilling. In this study, intrinsic safety, TRIZ, and universal
design are incorporated to address these challenges and enhance the functionality of marker pens.

(https://pdfcoffee.com/alternative-ink-pdf-
free.html?fbclid=IwAR1ieLjB4jQG7GRTyYlz6UhPKWG5BdIwHFw1zLOv9sIdtIysYnOormXvuvA)

The Review of the related literature for this study Charcoal and Isopropyl Alcohol as Innovative
Alternative Ink for Whiteboard Markers The state addresses the foregoing issues of health risks and
economic crisis brought using commercialized ink. In this study, an innovative ink from charcoal and
isopropyl alcohol was made as an alternative source of organic ink for whiteboard markers. The
innovative ink was assessed through a quasi-experimental design consolidating the perception of
randomly selected students from an island school in Cagraray island, Philippines

However, According to (Justin B. Barrameda, 2022) the use of whiteboard markers has been
extensively recognized due to its safety compared to chalk. Despite its wide use in the industry
particularly in establishments related to academe and academe-related industries, one general problem
often cited along with its usage is the expensiveness of the material, specifically of the ink.
 San Pablo Colleges

Overall, Some of their feedback about the alternative product includes the aroma that the isopropyl
alcohol produces and the color is more intense and visible than the commercialized whiteboard marker
ink. The evidence presented earlier proved that users can have an alternative that is more beneficial in
terms of the characteristics of the product.

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359928882_The_Use_of_Charcoal_and_Isopropyl_Alcoho
l_as_Alternative_Ink_for_Whiteboard_Markers_A_Comparative_Analysis_between_the_Innovation_
and_Commercialized_Ink?fbclid=IwAR37HiTPE7WNcXClAS6_nx7UazUQ023POmwR0a6MolKW
wEQkfxyzLdQjAtw)

According to Hiremath, D. P. (2020), the study of automatic ink refilling machines for ballpoint pens-
a vending machine concept, highlights the environmental impact of single-use plastic, particularly in
the production of pens. Half of all plastic is designed for single-use use, with pens being a significant
contributor. The study proposes an Automatic Ink Refilling Machine for used ballpoint pen refills to
reduce plastic waste and make pens reusable. The machine is mechanically constructed with hydraulic
actuation and interfaced electronically, allowing refills to be filled in less than a minute and at a low
cost. This will prevent the need for new refills and pens. - Hiremath, D. P., Devarajaiah, R. M., Seshadri,
S., & NikilGowda, H. (2020, May 1)

(https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Automatic-Ink-Refilling-Machine-for-Ball-Point-Pen-
Hiremath-Devarajaiah/a21dd1dae12d9bdbfc8d681e41383c84d25a293c?fbclid=IwAR3Hw5SsLPj-4b-
mJRQGuMt58PLoBMqhoZwMbOD_J2w_EutUbg82r-j-Qzc)

According to Admin (2018), the purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of charcoal powder
and cooking oil as alternative ingredients for the production of pen ink. The primary color of the ink
comes from powdered charcoal, while the solvent for the ink is used cooking oil. The procedures applied
in this study include pulverizing or powdering the charcoal; cleaning and filtering used cooking oil; and
adding vinegar and starch. Empty pen ink cartridges were used to test the properties of the ink
combinations on paper and compare them to ordinary pens. When all of the identified factors were
checked, the test showed that one of the sample proportions produced the best results. - Admin. (2018,
January 10). Production Of Pen Ink From Pulverized Charcoal. EduCheer!

(https://educheer.com/research-papers/production-of-pen-ink-from-pulverized-
charcoal/?fbclid=IwAR26o_PFroOdTeUAPfiIK2gbNWnxrOB-eBzMdT0nsd039-6pCu1dDou63MU)