Subject Seminar Report on

Performance evaluation of line coding technique

(PSD, SNR)
submitted as a partial fulfillment of the Course

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM-2 ET61

Bachelor Of Engineering
In
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Ramaiah Institute Of Technology, Bangalore

For the Academic Year 2022-23

Submitted by

1. MOHAMMED UMAIR B – 1MS20ET030

2. ROHIT REDDY -1MS20ET041

3. BHARAT REDDY -1MS20ET013

4. RISHI PRIYADARSHI -1MS20ET038

Under the guidance of

Dr. PARIMALA. P
Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, RIT
Bangalore-560054
Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU)

Feb - may 2023

 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

DECLARATION

I/We hereby declare that the mini-project entitled “Symbol error rate of QPSK modulation and Demodulation” has been
carried out independently by us, under the guidance of DR. PARIMALA P, Associate Professor, Dept of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore

Mohammed umair Rohith Reddy Bharath Reddy rishi Priyadarshi

Dept of ETE, RIT, Dept of ETE, RIT, Dept of ETE, RIT, Dept of ETE, RIT,

Place: Bangalore
Date:15-4-2023.

RAMIAH INISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bangalore-560 054
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is my profound gratitude that I express my indebtedness to all who have guided me to complete
this mini-project successfully.
I am grateful to my HOD Dr. B.K.Sujatha for allowing me to undertake this mini-project work
and also providing me with support and sharing his knowledge whenever needed.
I am thankful to my principal Dr. N.V.R Naidu for his guidance and support to complete my
mini-project.
The valuable guidance, the exemplary support and timely suggestions made available to me by my
guide Dr.Parimala P, Associate Professor, Electronics and Telecommunication dept., MSRIT
went a long way in completion of the mini-project. I sincerely acknowledge his help, guidance
and constant support which were ever present throughout the mini-project work.
I also thank my friends and the staff members of , Electronics and Telecommunication dept. and
also my family for the help and support provided by them in successful completion of the mini-
project. I would also like to thank the other members of the lab, workplace and my friends for
being there for me during my hardships and creating an amiable atmosphere to work in.
My accomplishments would be incomplete without my beloved parents, for without their support
and encouragement I would not have reached up to this level. I owe my achievements to them
 ABSTRACT

line coding is a crucial technique used in

communication systems to convert digital data into analog signals
suitable for transmission over physical communication channels.
MATLAB is a powerful tool for evaluating power spectral density
(PSD) and bit error rate (BER). This paper presents comprehensive
performance evaluation of several line coding techniques, including
unipolar NRZ, unipolar RZ, polar RZ and Manchester using MATLAB
simulation. This evaluation is conducted by measuring power spectral
density and bit error rate of each coding scheme under different channel
conditions.
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Background work/code

3. Methodology

4. Results

5. Conclusion

6. References
 1. INTRODUCTION

line coding is process of converting to digital data that can be transmitted over
communication channel. There several line coding techniques, such as
Manchester, NRZ and RZ. Performance evaluation techniques is important to
determine their suitability for different communication applications.
THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TECHNIQUES:
Spectral efficiency (PSD): the amount of information that can be transmitted per
unit bandwidth. A line coding technique with high spectral efficiency is preferred
as it allows for more information to be transmitted over a given bandwidth
Bit error rate (BER): the number of bit errors is the number of a data stream over
a channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or bit
synchronization errors. It is a ratio of bits that are received in error to the total
number of bits transmitted. The lower the BER, better the performance of the line
coding technique.
Bandwidth efficiency.
Dc components.
Power efficiency.
 2. BACKGROUND WORK/CODE

MATLAB code for line coding of given BIT sequence

Code for unipolar NRZ
Code for unipolar RZ

Code for polar RZ

Code for manchester line coding
MATLAB code to find PSD of given BIT sequence
 3. METHODOLOGY

For evaluation of line coding typically involves the following steps:

1. Define the system requirements: the first step is to define system

requirements, including the bit rate, bandwidth, and transmission distance.
2. Generate test data: test is generated to simulate the digital signal that will
be transmitted over the communication channel.
3. Implement the line coding technique: chosen line coding technique is
implemented in MATLAB, and the test data is encoded.
4. Add noise to the signal: the encoded signal is then corrupted by adding
noise to simulate the effect of the communication channel.
5. Decode the signal.
6. Evaluate the performance metric: the performance of line coding is
evaluated using various metrics such as BER, spectral efficiency (PSD) these
metrics can be computed in MATLAB using built-in functions
7. Plot and analyze the result: the results of the performance can be plotted
and analyzed in MATLAB. for example, the signal to noise ratio(SNR) curve
can be plotted and compare the performance of different line coding
techniques
 4. RESULTS

Output of line coding of given bit sequence

Output of PSD of a given BIT sequence
 5. CONCLUSION

In conclusion the performance evaluation of line coding techniques is crucial to

determine their suitability for different communication applications the
evaluation typically involves measuring various performance metrics such as bit
error rate, bandwidth efficiency, DC component, spectral efficiency, power
efficiency, complexity dot the choice of the most appropriate line coding
technique depends on specific application requirements.

There are several encoding techniques and it has its advantages and
disadvantages command the choice of the most appropriate technique depends
on the specific application requirements top dot for example Manchester
encoding has high bandwidth efficiency but high DC component, while NRZ
coding has low DC component but low bandwidth efficiency.

The performance is valuation of line coding techniques can be carried out

simulation software such as MATLAB provide the convenient platform for
implementing a simulating line coding technique, as well as analyzing the results.

Over, all performance evaluation of encoding techniques is essential step in

design of communication systems. The evaluation ensures that the chosen line
coding technique made the performance requirement of the application while
minimizing the complexity and cost of the system.
 6. REFERENCES
• https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/47299-psdlinecode-m-unipolar-nrz-
line-code-psd
• https://in.mathworks.com/help/signal/ref/pwelch.html