‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬

‫ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫*‬
‫ﻡ‪ .‬ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‬

‫***‬ ‫**‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ) ‪ (MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﺘﻌﻤل ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻨﻭﻉ ‪ ، BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻭﺤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ]‪. [8‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﻪ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﹶﺨﺩ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻭﺘﹸﻁﺒ‪‬ﻕﹸ‬
‫ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (2‬ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫‪°‬‬

‫‪ BPSK‬ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ )‪ (4°‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻗﺔ )‪ (2°‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﻱ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪BB-ESPAR-8‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﹾ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ ، ESPAR‬ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،MUSIC‬ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫*‬
‫ﺃﻋﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺩﻴﺏ ‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ -‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪.‬‬
‫**‬
‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ -‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪.‬‬
‫***‬
‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ‪ .‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺫﻜﻲ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻗﺎﺒل ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻤﺘﺼل ﻤﻊ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪.MUSIC‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﹸﺴﺘﹶﻌﺭ‪‬ﺽ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪ ،BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ‪ .Direction Finding DF‬ﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺴﺘﹸﻘﺘﺭ‪‬ﺡ‪‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ]‪[4] [6‬‬
‫]‪ ،[5‬ﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ]‪ ،[6] [7‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﺘﹸﺴﺘﹶﻌﺭ‪‬ﺽ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺃﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺫﻱ ﺩﺨل ﻓﻌﺎل ﻭﺤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺘﻭﻀ‪‬ﺢ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺴﺘﹸﺠﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪ BPSK‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻤﻁﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻨﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻴ‪‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻭﺴﺘﹸﻭﻀ‪‬ﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪[8]:BB-ESPAR-8‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (1‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻨﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪,spread spectrum‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ frequency hopping‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﹾ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺎلٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﺨﺹ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻴﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫‪،DOA‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫‪ .Beamforming‬ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪ [1] [2] [3] SNR‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤل ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ]‪:[4‬‬
‫§ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫§ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬
‫‪ Eigenstructure methods‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫• ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻤﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻲ ‪Estimation Of Signal Parameters‬‬
‫)‪.Via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT‬‬
‫• ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪Multiple .Signals‬‬
‫)‪Classification( MUSIC‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﺭﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻜﻲ ‪ ،shuttle antenna‬ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﻌﺎﺕ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁﹶ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉٍ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺒﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﺔ ‪) monopole-discon‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﻱ( ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺭﺒﻊ ﻁﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (2‬ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﹸﻭ‪‬ﺼ‪‬لُ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻭﻭﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻜل ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺯﺍﺤﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻭﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (1‬ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪BB-ESPAR-8‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺒﺨﻁﻭﺓ ‪ 45‬ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪.360‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ .‬ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺒ‪‬ﺕﹸ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻜﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﹰ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻨﺼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ‪ ،[500-700] MHz‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺯ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﺝ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ VSWR‬ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ‪ ،3.1:1‬ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪. [8] [1] [2].‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼ‪‬لُ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﺤﺔ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫‪BB-ESPAR-8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(jX1,jX2, jX3, jX4, jX5…,jX8‬ﺘﹸﻨﺘﹶﺨﹶﺏ‪ ‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬

‫‪#1‬‬ ‫‪#2‬‬ ‫‪#3‬‬ ‫‪#4‬‬ ‫‪#5‬‬ ‫‪#6‬‬ ‫‪#7‬‬ ‫‪#8‬‬

‫‪#1‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫) ‪ ،( jX1 jX2 jX3 jX4‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ .(2‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪#2‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬
‫‪#3‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬
‫‪X5=X1 X6=X2, X7=X3, & X8=X4‬‬
‫‪#4‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬
‫‪#5‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻁﻊ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻭﻉ ‪PIN‬‬
‫‪#6‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬
‫‪#7‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬
‫‪#8‬‬ ‫‪JX2‬‬ ‫‪JX3‬‬ ‫‪JX4‬‬ ‫‪JX5‬‬ ‫‪JX6‬‬ ‫‪JX7‬‬ ‫‪JX8‬‬ ‫‪JX1‬‬ ‫‪.diode‬‬

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 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (3‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪BB-ESPAR-8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻲ ‪ ، Z‬ﻭ ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫‪ Computer Simulation Technology CST‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫‪f =500 MHz‬‬

‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﺸﻤل ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ‬
‫‪G =9.6 dBi‬‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺭﺒﺤﺎﹰ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪ 9 dBi‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪. [8].‬‬
‫‪f =550 MHz‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪BB-ESPAR-8‬‬
‫‪G =9.4 dBi‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼل ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ‬
‫) ‪ (x 1 , x 2 ,....x 7 , x 8‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪f =600 MHz‬‬
‫‪G =9.7 dBi‬‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ]‪:[7] [9‬‬
‫) ‪y (t ) = I TS(t) + n (t‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪ IT :‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﻨﻘﻭل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪ RF‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫] ‪I = [i 0 , i 1 , i 2 ,...., i 8‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪f =650 MHz‬‬
‫‪G =9.4 dBi‬‬ ‫)‪ : S(t‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫( ‪S(t) = [s 0 (t ), s1 (t ),...., s 8 (t )]T‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫)‪ : n(t‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﻀﺠﻴﺠﺎﹰ ﺃﺒﻴﺽ‪ ‬ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻉ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻭﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ‪.σ2‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ‬
‫‪f =700MHz‬‬
‫‪G =9.5 dBi‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ]‪:[7‬‬
‫‪V = [v 0 , v 1 , ...., v 8 ]T‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ‪500-700MHz‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫‪ : X‬ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﻗﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ‪ zkl‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻨﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫] ‪X = diag [ Z 0 , jx1, jx 2 ,......., jx 8‬‬ ‫)‪(9‬‬ ‫‪ . (0 ≤ k , l‬ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ‪Z‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ )‪≤ 8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ‪ k‬ﻭ ‪l‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ]‪:[3] [6‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ z 00 z 01 z 02‬‬ ‫‪... z 08 ‬‬
‫‪V = ZI‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫‪z z z‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪... z 18 ‬‬
‫‪ 10 11 12‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (8‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (10‬ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪Z = ... .. ... ......‬‬ ‫‪... ‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫‪ z 70 z 71 z 72‬‬ ‫‪... z 78 ‬‬
‫‪z z z‬‬ ‫‪... z 88 ‬‬
‫‪I = v s (Z + X)−1u0 = v s E0‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬ ‫‪ 80 81 82‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ‪ m‬ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫‪E0 = (Z + X)-1 u 0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ im‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ xm‬ﻭﻓﻕ‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫داﺋﺮة ﺗﻮزع اﻟﻌﻨﺎ ﺻﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫‪v m = − jx m i m‬‬ ‫)‪m = 1, 2,..., 8 (6‬‬
‫‪#3‬‬
‫‪#2‬‬

‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ‪ v0‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺠﻬﺩ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬

‫‪#4‬‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﮭﺔ‬
‫ورو‬
‫=‪R‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬‫د اﻹ‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫‪ RF‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫(‪c/‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪ma‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪*4) #0‬‬
‫‪#5‬‬ ‫‪#1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪vo = v s − z o io‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪:‬‬
‫‪#8‬‬
‫‪ : z0‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﻤﺎﻨﻌﺔ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪#6‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺭﺴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻤﺎﻨﻌﺔ ﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬

‫‪#7‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (4‬ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ]‪z o = 50 Ω ، [5‬‬
‫‪BB-ESPAR-8‬‬ ‫‪ : vs‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻊ ‪ RF‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﺠﻬﺩ ‪ RF‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪ k‬ﺘﺭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪θk‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ ،(4‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ )‪ (4‬ﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ )‪ (6‬ﻭ )‪ (7‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﻭﻟﺩ ﻓﺭﻗﺎﹰ ﺼﻔﺤﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻁﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪V S − Z 0 i 0 ‬‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭ ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ − jx i‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1 1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2π‬‬ ‫‪2π‬‬ ‫‪V =  − jx 2 i 2  = v s u 0 - X I‬‬
‫‪R cos(θ k −‬‬ ‫)‪(N − 1)) (12‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪(8‬‬
‫‪λ‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ − jx i‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪8 8‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪ θk‬ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪:‬‬
‫‪2π‬‬ ‫‪2π‬‬
‫‪j‬‬ ‫))‪R cos(θ k − ( N −1‬‬ ‫‪ : u0‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻴﺎﹰ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‪:‬‬
‫‪aN (θk ) = exp‬‬ ‫‪λ‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫)‪(13‬‬
‫‪N = 1, ........, 8‬‬
‫‪، u 0 = [1, 0, 0,......., 0]T‬‬

‫‪145‬‬
 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬
‫ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻴ‪‬ﻭﺼ‪‬ﻑﹸ ﻋﻤل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﺔ ‪ CST‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ .(3‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺒﺢ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ f‬ﻭ )‪ (f±25MHz‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 0.2 dB‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﺒﺨﻁﺄ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ ،2%‬ﻭﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ]‪[f±25 MHz‬‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ .f‬ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪(2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫‪fref.‬‬ ‫‪fmin‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬
‫‪Pf1‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫‪Pf2‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪526‬‬
‫‪Pf3‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪576‬‬
‫‪Pf4‬‬ ‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪626‬‬
‫‪Pf5‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪676‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹾ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺭ‪‬ﺏ‪ ‬ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻜل ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ،fref‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻴ‪‬ﻤﺜﱠلُ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺘﺤﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫§ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫§ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍﹰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ‪ ،k‬ﻤﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ‪ θ‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴ‪‬ﺤﺩ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ‪ f Pf n‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ]‪،[Pf1- Pf5‬‬
‫‪146‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪ θk‬ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫]) ‪a(θk ) = [1, a1 (θ k ), a 2 (θk ),..a8 (θk‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ]‪. [10‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪u (t ) = a(θ k ).Sk (t ) + n (t‬‬ ‫)‪(15‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪ S k (t ) :‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ k‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺩ ﻟﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻱ ‪ θk‬ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪ (15‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ‪ K‬ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻭﺒﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻭﺤﻴﺩ ‪ f‬ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ‪:‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫) ‪u(t ) = ∑ a(θq ).Sq (t ) + n(t‬‬ ‫)‪(16‬‬
‫‪q =1‬‬
‫‪fmax‬‬
‫ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪525‬‬
‫‪575‬‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬
‫‪625‬‬ ‫) ‪ a (θ k‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫‪675‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫‪700‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺒﺢ ﺍﻻﺃﻋﻅﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﺫﺍ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻭل ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ]‪ ،[1‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫‪ R / λ‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﻭل ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩل ‪mutual‬‬
‫‪ coupling‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫‪u1 (t )  u1Pf 1 (t ) + u 1Pf 2 (t ) + ... + u 1Pf 5 (t ) ‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ‬
‫‪u (t )  u (t ) + u (t ) + ... + u (t ) ‬‬
‫‪ 2   2 Pf 1‬‬ ‫‪2 Pf 2‬‬ ‫‪2 Pf 5‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪u 3 (t )  u 3 Pf (t ) + u 3Pf (t ) + ... + u 3Pf (t ) ‬‬
‫‪u(t ) = ‬‬ ‫‪= 1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪aPf n (θk ) =[1,a1Pf n (θk ),a2Pf n (θk ),,...a8Pf n (θk )] (17‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .‬‬‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪u 8 (t )  u 8 Pf 1 (t ) + u 8 Pf 2 (t ) + ... + u 8Pf 5 (t ) ‬‬ ‫‪ : n‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻉ ‪ u‬ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪ (16‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ‪ K‬ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫‪u1Pf n (t ) ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺭﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪u 2 Pf n (t ) ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ‪ Sk‬ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪n =5 ‬‬
‫‪u (t )  n =5‬‬
‫) ‪= ∑  3Pf n  = ∑ uPf n (t‬‬ ‫)‪(20‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬
‫‪n =1 .‬‬ ‫‪ n =1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪u (t ) ‬‬ ‫‪ ،BB-ESPAR-8‬ﺇﺫﹾ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ 8Pf n ‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪ k‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ u‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ)‪(16‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪s k (t ) = s k Pf 1 (t ) + s k Pf 2 (t ) + ... + s k Pf 5 (t‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫) ‪uPf (t ) = ∑aPf (θk ).SqPf (t ) + n(t‬‬ ‫)‪(21‬‬
‫‪q =1‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪ (3‬ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‪:‬‬
‫‪s 0 Pf 1 (t ) + s 0 Pf 2 (t ) + .... + s 0 Pf 5 (t ) ‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﻋﻡ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ )‪u(t‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪s 1Pf1 (t ) + s1Pf 2 (t ) + .... + s1Pf 5 (t ) ‬‬
‫ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‪:‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪n =5 K‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫= )‪S(t‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫) (‬
‫) ‪u(t ) = ∑ ∑aPf n θq Sq Pf n (t )  + n(t‬‬ ‫)‪(22‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪n =1  n =1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪n =5‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫) ‪= ∑uPf n (t‬‬ ‫‪s KPf (t ) + s KPf (t ) + .... + s KPf (t )‬‬
‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬

‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ)‪ (22‬ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪s 0 Pf n (t ) ‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪a1fp (θ1) a1fp (θ2) ....a1fp (θk )  s1fp (t) n (t )‬‬ ‫‪s1Pf n (t ) ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪n =5 ‬‬ ‫‪ q = K n =5‬‬
‫‪a2fp (θ1) a2fp (θ2)....a2fp (θk )  s2fp (t ) n2(t)‬‬ ‫∑=‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫) ‪ = ∑ ∑ Sq Pf n (t‬‬ ‫)‪(19‬‬
‫‪p=5 ‬‬
‫‪a3fp (θ1) a3fp (θ2) ...a3fp (θk )  s3fp (t ) n3(t )‬‬ ‫‪n =1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ q =1 n =1‬‬
‫∑=‬ ‫‪‬‬‫‪‬‬ ‫‪×‬‬ ‫)‪ +  (23‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪p=1 ......‬‬ ‫‪ ....  .... ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪s KPf (t ) ‬‬
‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪ ...  ... ‬‬ ‫‪ n ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ n (t )‬‬
‫‪a8fp (θ1) a8fp (θ2)...a8fp (θk )  skfp (t )  8 ‬‬

‫‪147‬‬
 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫‪(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational‬‬

‫ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪ (23‬ﺃﻥ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻴﻤﺜل‬
‫‪ Invariance Techniques) ESPRIT‬ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪(Total Least‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺸﺒﻪ ﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫‪Squares‬‬ ‫)‪ESPRIT‬‬
‫'‪.[4] TLS ESPRIT‬‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪Schmidt‬‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ‪ Ruu‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫]‪ [3‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪R uu‬‬ ‫= )) ‪= E (u(t )u H (t‬‬ ‫( ‪UU H‬‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ‪[9].‬‬
‫‪Ns‬‬ ‫)‪(24‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪ : E ( ) :‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺫﻭ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺸﻌﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ : H‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺘﻤﻡ ﻤﻨﻘﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻲ ﺃﺒﻴﺽ ﺫﻭ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻏﻭﺼﻲ‪Additive .‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺩ ﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪ ،White Gaussian Noise AWGN‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ‪ . σ2‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺫﻭ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪ (24‬ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‪:‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪R u u = E [ a (θ 1 ) a (θ 2 ).... a (θ k ) ] × R ss‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻭﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫) ‪× [ a ( θ 1 ) a (θ 2 ).... a ( θ k )] H + σ 2 I ( 2 5‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪BB-‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫∗‬
‫} ]) ‪Rss = E{[s1 (t ) s2 (t ).... sK (t )] ×[s1 (t ) s2 (t ).... sK (t‬‬
‫‪.ESPAR-8‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫)*( ﺘﻌﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﻱ‪.complex conjugate‬‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (T‬ﺘﻌﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭل ‪ transpose‬ﻟﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬

‫‪ −‬ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪.(2‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪Steering‬‬
‫‪ Vectors‬ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺎﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.CST‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺘﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫§ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪ BPSK‬ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪ M=8 BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺼﻴل ‪ N‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻜل ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ‪ sampled covariance matrix‬ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ]‪:[4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ ‪orthogonal subspace‬‬
‫ﻤﺜل‪ :‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻴﺯﺍﺭﻨﻜﻭ ‪ Pizarenko‬ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪،MUSIC‬‬
‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪.[4] [11] Root-MUSIC‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪signal subspace‬‬
‫‪ methods‬ﻤﺜل‪ :‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫§ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ N‬ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺼﻴل‬

‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪U pf n (t) = [u 1 pf n (t ), u 2 pf n (t ),....u 8 pf n (t )] (26‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪n =5‬‬
‫= ) ‪U (t‬‬ ‫∑‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪pf‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫) ‪(t‬‬ ‫) ‪(27‬‬

‫‪ −‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬

‫‪-‬ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (5‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻗﻲ ﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻤﻊ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻭﺯﺓ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺯﺝ ﻭﻜﺸﻑ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ‪ ،Baseband‬ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻜﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (5‬ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﹾ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺒ‪‬ﻁﹸ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺨﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺭﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﺯﻤﺔ ‪ BPF‬ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻔﺭﺯ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺇﺯﺍﺤﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﺯﺍﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﻌﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ‪ 450‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻤﻥ ‪ T‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬

‫• ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫= ‪PMU n‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪(29‬‬ ‫• ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪E N a Pf n (θ‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ )ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫) ‪a Pf n (θ‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﹾ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ BB- ESPAR-8‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ‪ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺕ ‪.θ‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ‪ N‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﻁﻰ‬
‫‪ −‬ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺔ ‪DSP‬‬

‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪ ،Digital Signal Processing‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪ MUSIC.‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (6‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ −‬ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪u(t ) = [u1 (t ),u 2 (t ),......,u 7 (t ),u 8 (t )]T‬‬

‫‪ −‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪.(20‬‬

‫‪ −‬ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ‬

‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= )) ‪R uPf uPf = E (u Pf (t )u Pf H (t‬‬ ‫)‪U Pf U Pf H (28‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ‪ Eigen values‬ﻭﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬

‫‪ ، R u‬ﺜﻡ ﻓﺭﺯ ‪(M-‬‬ ‫‪u Pf‬‬
‫‪ Eigen vectors‬ﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫‪Pf‬‬

‫)‪K‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺼﻐﺭﻯ ﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻓﺭﺯ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪.EN‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬
‫‪ Pseudo-spectrum of MUSIC algorithm PMU‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ]‪:[9] [12‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (6‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪-6‬ﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﻴ‪‬ﺸﹶﻜﱠلُ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ‪N=100‬‬ ‫‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻜل ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪:BB-ESPAR-8‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻨﹸﻔﱢﺫﹶ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ‪MATLAB‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ‪ Ruu‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬
‫= ‪R uu‬‬ ‫‪UU‬‬ ‫)‪(24‬‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ 1-1-6‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺸﻤل ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺇﻗﻔﺎل ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻭﺭ ‪Binary‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬
‫)‪:Phase Shift Keying (BPSK‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﹸﻭ‪‬ﻟﱠﺩ‪ ‬ﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻏﻼﻑ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪BPSK‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (7‬ﻤﺘﻭﻀﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ )‪(30,120,300‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺒﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ ،BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ‪ Bit Rate‬ﻤﺴﺎﻭٍ ﻭﻤﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ‪ .N‬ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃُﺠﺭﻴ‪‬ﺕِ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺃﺒﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺫﻭ ﺘﻭﺯﻉ ﻏﻭﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ‬ ‫§ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺩ‪‬ﺭِﺱ‪ ‬ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ .SNR=30 dB‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺃﺜﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ‬
‫‪ .SNR‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫§ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺩ‪‬ﺭِﺱ‪‬‬

‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1-6‬ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺘﹸﺭِﺽ‪ ‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫‪BPSK‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (7‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ‬

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 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻭﺤﻴﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (9‬ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪BPSK‬‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻗﻤﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻷﺼﻐﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺸﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫‪ .BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺃﻋﻅﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫)‪ ،(8‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪.Pf5‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ ESPAR‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪:SNR‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ]‪.[2] [5] [9‬‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﺭِﺱ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ )ﺏ( ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪PM‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪SNR=20, 10, 0 :‬‬
‫‪ .dB‬ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل )‪ (10‬ﻭ)‪ (11‬ﻭ)‪ (12‬ﺃﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﻭﺀ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ‬
‫‪θ‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪ ،SNR‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (10‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (8‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻜﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻋﻨﺩ ‪ SNR=20 dB‬ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻭﺤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ )‪.(30,120,300‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪. 1o‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪Fp1‬‬
‫‪Fp2‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ‪ f1, f2, f3, f4, f5‬ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Fp3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬
‫‪Fp5‬‬ ‫‪PM‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪Fp1‬‬
‫‪Fp2‬‬
‫‪Fp3‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬
‫‪Fp5‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (10‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬

‫‪.SNR=20 dB‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ‬ ‫‪θ‬‬
‫‪PM‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (9‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ،Pf1,Pf2,Pf3,Pf4,Pf5‬ﻤﺘﻭﻀﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ‪(30,120,300)0‬‬

‫‪152‬‬

‫‪θ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ ،BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪Fp1‬‬

‫‪PM‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪ SNR‬ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Fp2‬‬
‫‪Fp3‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬
‫‪Fp5‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (11‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫‪θ‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪.SNR=10 dB‬‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻜﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ‪ ,SNR=10 dB‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (13‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ )ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜل ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻤﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪ SNR=0 dB‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪ 450‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (13‬ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (11‬ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺃﻋﻅﻤﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 30‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ‪ SNR=0 dB‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ ،(12‬ﻓﺎﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 10o‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫‪PM‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2-1-6‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬ ‫‪Fp1‬‬

‫‪Fp2‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻤﻁﺎﻟﻲ ‪AM‬‬ ‫‪Fp3‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬
‫‪Amplitude Modulation‬‬ ‫‪Fp5‬‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪ BPSK‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻤﻁﺎل‬
‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل ﻴﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺒﺈﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻭﺕ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪θ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪ ،[400-4000]Hz‬ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎل ﺘﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻼﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (12‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ .BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪.SNR=0 dB‬‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﹸﺭ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬
‫ﺩ– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ 100‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ‬
‫⇒ ‪frotation max. ≤ 100 × 4000 ≤ 400 KHz‬‬
‫ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ .MUSIC‬ﺃُﺨﺫﹶﺕِ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪fsample max ≤ 8 × 400 ≤ 3.2 MHz‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃُﻀﻴﻑﹶ ﻤﻨﺒﻊ ﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪،450‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ‪ 800‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﺨﺫ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ ،(13‬ﺘﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
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 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜل ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺘﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺘﺨﺯﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫‪PM‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪(15‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﹶﺨﺩ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺃﺸﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ )‪ .y(t‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫‪Fp1‬‬
‫‪Fp2‬‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭﺓ )‪.(4‬‬
‫‪Fp3‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤل ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫‪Fp5‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﱢﺩ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ‪ ،(30,120,300)0‬ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ‪SNR=30‬‬
‫‪θ‬‬ ‫‪ ،dB‬ﻭﺘﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ‪ 800‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﹸﺅﺨﹶﺫﹸ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺩ‪‬ﺭِﺴ‪‬ﺕِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (15‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﹸﺭِﺽ‪ ‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﹸﺭِﺽ‪ ‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‪ .‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺒﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ‪100‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ‪ 100‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ‪N=800‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻋ‪‬ﺸﺭ ﺃﻗل‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺯﻤﻥ ﻴﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﻰ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫‪ N=800‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ .(14‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(16‬ﺇﺫﹾ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺼﻴل ‪ 300‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ‪ . fs max 2 × f max‬ﺤﻴﺙ ‪f max‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺘﻘﻁﻴﻊ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪fs 2 = 300 × 4 KHz = 1200 KHz‬‬

‫‪V‬‬
‫‪fs 2 < fs max‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪N‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (14‬ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻏﻼﻑ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪.AM‬ﻭﺘﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬
‫‪ 800‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (16‬ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻏﻼﻑ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪.AM‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫‪PM‬‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬
‫‪Fp1‬‬
‫‪Fp2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ ،(17‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪Fp3‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺩﻗﺔ‬
‫‪Fp5‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺨﻁﺄ ﺃﻋﻅﻤﻲ ‪. 4o‬‬
‫‪PM‬‬
‫‪Fp1‬‬
‫‪Fp2‬‬
‫‪θ‬‬ ‫‪Fp3‬‬
‫‪Fp4‬‬
‫‪Fp5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (19‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ‪ 8‬ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪θ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺨل ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﺤﺼﻴل ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (17‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ .(19‬ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻋﻥ ‪ ±4‬ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﹸﺭِﻀ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ 2-6‬ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ‪ 800‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺒﻤﺴﺢ ‪100‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺒﻁﻲﺀ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (18‬ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼﻴل ‪ 100‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺯﺍﻤﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫‪fs 3 = 100 × 4 KHz = 400 KHz‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻤﺘﻭﻀﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪ 650‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ‬
‫‪fs3 << fsmax‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺇﻨﹼﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ]‪[500-700‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪ ،MHz‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺩ‪‬ﺭِﺴ‪‬ﺕﹾ ﺤﺎﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪ 1-2-6‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻔﺯ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺒﻁﻲﺀ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻁﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪BB-ESPAR-‬‬
‫‪ ،8‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (18‬ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻏﻼﻑ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪.AM‬‬

‫‪155‬‬
 ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬

‫ﻴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (20‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻗﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪.650‬‬
‫‪PM‬‬

‫‪θ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪(21‬‬
‫)ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫‪MUSIC‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (20‬ﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺕ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻻﺤﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﻔﺯ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫)ﺏ(‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻔﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 2-2-6‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻔﺯ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺴﺭﻴﻊ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 3-2-6‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﺸﻤل ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (21‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬
‫‪ ،SNR=30dB‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺸﺒﻪ ﻁﻴﻑ ﻤﺘﻘﻁﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻟﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻭﻴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﹸﻔﱢﺫﹶﺕﹾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪،BB-ESPAR-8‬‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﻗﻔﺯﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪156‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪2012 -‬‬

‫‪PM‬‬

‫ﺃﻋﻅﻤﻴﺔ )ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ‪ (2°‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ )ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ‪ (5°‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪.BB-ESPAR-8‬‬

‫‪ −‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻤﻁﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ،4o‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﺴﺢ‬
‫‪θ‬‬
‫ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ‪ 1>N>10‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ (22‬ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭ‬
‫‪ −‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀ‪‬ﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (22‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ‪.2O‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ −‬ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪.SNR‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪MUSIC‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﺘﺒﻴ‪‬ﻥ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪.SNR ≤ 0 dB‬‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ −‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪ BB-ESPAR-8‬ﻟﻤﺸﻭﺵ‬ ‫‪ −‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ‪ K‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬

‫‪ −‬ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺸﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪ K=M-1‬ﺇﺫﹾ ‪ M=8‬ﻋﺩﺩ‬

‫ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ‪BB-ESPAR-‬‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻴﺽ‪.‬‬

‫‪.8‬‬ ‫‪ −‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻭﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ‪ ،BPSK‬ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ MUSIC‬ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬

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‫ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬BB-ESPAR-8 ‫ ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬MUSIC ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
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.2011/9/6 ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬