BS en Iso 14744-1 - 2008

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO
14744-1:2008
Welding —
Acceptance inspection
of electron beam
welding machines —
Part 1: Principles and acceptance
conditions
ICS 25.160.30
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Copyright British Standards Institution
Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14744-1:2008. It

supersedes BS EN ISO 14744-1:2001 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/-/1, Briefing committee for welding.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
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This British Standard was Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee Date Comments
on 30 June 2008
© BSI 2008
ISBN 978 0 580 57187 9

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 14744-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2008
ICS 25.160.30 Supersedes EN ISO 14744-1:2000
English Version
Welding - Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding

machines - Part 1: Principles and acceptance conditions (ISO
14744-1:2008)
Soudage - Essais de réception des machines de soudage Schweißen - Abnahmeprüfung von Elektronenstrahl-
par faisceau d'électrons - Partie 1: Principes et conditions Schweißmaschinen - Teil 1: Grundlagen und
de réception (ISO 14744-1:2008) Abnahmebedingungen (ISO 14744-1:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14744-1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 14744-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding and
allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14744-1:2000.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14744-1:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14744-1:2008 without any
modification.
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ii
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blank
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
Introduction
Components, failure of which will endanger life, are subject to comprehensive test and acceptance specifications,
which, among other things, require production equipment to be of proven type and in accordance with the state
of the art. Similarly, in welding practice, standards apply that specify, for example, the required manual skills
which a welder must have for controlling the weld.
In welding processes that are not under direct manual control, such as in electron beam welding, requirements
for various machine parameters are established. This standard series on acceptance inspection of electron
beam welding machines is based on the concept that the production of continuously high-quality welds is
ensured if, among other things, the settings, within defined limits, are reproducible during the operating period.
Taking this into account, this standard specifies details of the main machine parameters (accelerating voltage,
beam current, lens current and welding speed characteristics) together with deviations permitted in short-term or
long-term operation. It also includes requirements regarding the run-out accuracy of the devices positioning the
workpiece and regarding the stability of the spot position of the electron beam. Users, manufacturers, research
experts and inspection bodies are all agreed that electron beam welding machines complying with the
requirements are suitable for welding components subject to acceptance inspection, such as aircraft equipment,
pressure vessels, valves, etc., within specified setting ranges, assuming that other conditions (e.g. qualified staff,
quality control) are fulfilled.
ISO 14744 [any part(s)] can be referred to in contracts for supply of electron beam welding machines. Further
tests are not normally required if proof of satisfactory welding results is provided in the form of routine
inspection documentation. However, the requirements of the standard can also be used for inspection as part
of maintenance, if required by contract.
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iv
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding

machines —
Part 1:
Principles and acceptance conditions
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14744 specifies requirements for acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines
preferably when first installed on the user's premises.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17662, Welding — Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including
ancillary activities
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms

For the purposes of this part of ISO 14744, the following symbols apply:
AF focal distance, in millimetres
AW work distance, in millimetres
a x; a y; a z deviation, in millimetres, of electron beam axis from weld groove centre or of beam focus from
groove centre on weld surface in the x-, y- or z-direction of feed, as a measure of the run-out
accuracy
D diameter, in millimetres or in centimetres, of a circumference weld seam
IB beam current, in milliamperes
IB max maximum beam current, in milliamperes, corresponding to UA max and UA min, respectively
IB min minimum beam current, in milliamperes, corresponding to UA max and UA min, respectively
IL lens current, in milliamperes
IL max lens current, in milliamperes, at UA max and for AF min
IL min lens current, in milliamperes, at UA min and for AF max
1
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BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
m load, in kilograms force, on the work table or on rotating fixture resulting from workpiece mass
including that of any clamping device
n rotational frequency, in reciprocal minutes, of rotating fixture
tw time, in seconds, for welding a seam
tw max maximum time, in seconds, for welding a seam
Q pressure rise rate, in pascal cubic decimetres per second, or millibar⋅litres per second
UA indicated accelerating voltage, in kilovolts
UA max maximum indicated accelerating voltage, in kilovolts, within the setting range
UA min minimum indicated accelerating voltage, in kilovolts, within the setting range
Ua monitored voltage for measuring the accelerating voltage, in millivolts
Ub monitored voltage, in millivolts, for measuring the beam current, in millivolts
Uv monitored voltage, in millivolts, for measuring the welding speed
v welding speed, in millimetres per second, in centimetres per minute or in metres per minute
4 Conditions for acceptance inspection
4.1 General
Acceptance inspection shall be performed after the first installation or before the first operation of the welding
machine. The following tests shall be done:
⎯ accelerating voltage characteristics;
⎯ beam current characteristics;
⎯ lens current characteristics;
⎯ speed characteristics of movement devices;
⎯ run-out accuracy of movement devices;
⎯ stability of spot position.
And the following test may be agreed:
⎯ pressure rise rate.
After changing of equipment location the following test shall be done:
⎯ speed characteristics of movement devices;
⎯ run-out accuracy of movement devices;
⎯ stability of spot position.
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2
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
And the following test may be agreed:
⎯ pressure rise rate.
After rebuilding, maintenance or changing the conditions of operation the following tests shall be done:
⎯ tests of all affected machine components.
The acceptance inspection may be extended on parameters, characteristics and additional devices, when
there are no requirements described in ISO 14744 (all parts). In these cases, requirements and limit
deviations shall be agreed. However, measurement of accelerating voltage may be performed prior to delivery
of the welding machine in accordance with ISO 14744-2.
4.2 Installation of electron beam welding machine
Electron beam welding machines shall be installed so that acceptance inspection and machine performance
are not interfered with by vibration or by electrical or magnetic fields.
4.3 Power source
The power source for electron beam welding machines shall be an electrical mains system with voltage
fluctuations not exceeding ± 10 %.
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4.4 Safety precautions
This part of ISO 14744 does not cover inspection of safety devices and other safety aspects.
IMPORTANT — Machines for electron beam welding have several features which assure safe
operation. The electron beam generates x-rays during welding and the work chamber walls, the work
chamber windows and other parts have to reduce the radiation outside the machine to low safe levels
so as to permit operators and other personnel to work safely close to the machine. The parts of the
machine subject to high-voltages should, of course, be protected and inaccessible when under high
tension.
Some of the features which assure safe operation may have to be tested after installation of the machine,
prior to any use of the machine in production. Any such test is, however, outside the scope of this part of
ISO 14744. The tests have to be specified by the supplier of the machine.
In addition, it is important to consider that the design of machines for electron beam welding, protection
against x-rays etc., are subject to several legal requirements at the European level (e.g. directives for:
machines; electromagnetic compatibility; low-voltage equipment) and supplementary national requirements in
at least some countries. See also IEC 60204-1.
4.5 Operating instructions
The operating instructions for the electron beam welding machine shall be complied with.
4.6 Instruments
The accuracy of all instruments for measurement shall be compatible with the limit deviations specified in this
part of ISO 14744, see Table 1.
In accordance with ISO 17662, no calibration, no verification, and no validation of measurement equipment is
necessary.
Copyright British Standards Institution 3

BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
5 Principles of acceptance inspection
5.1 Setting range
The setting range shall be specified for the machine to undergo the acceptance inspection, giving setting
ranges for the following parameters:
⎯ accelerating voltage;
⎯ beam current;
⎯ lens current;
⎯ welding speed in all primary welding directions.
Other parameters necessary for proper control of the welding machine shall also be specified, e.g.:
⎯ focal distance;
⎯ load resulting from workpiece and fixture mass;
⎯ pressure rise rate (if necessary).
5.2 Limit deviations for machine parameters and characteristics
The limit deviations given in Table 1 relate to the mean of the measured values concerned, unless otherwise
specified. The limit deviations relate to the use of electron beam welding machines without special
requirement. Alternative deviations may be agreed by contract for special machines or special applications.
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4
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
Table 1 — Limit deviations for machine parameters and characteristics
Parameters and characteristics Limit deviations of the measured value
Accelerating voltage:
ripple 2 % (peak-to-peak value)
stabilization ±1 %
reproducibility ±1 %
Beam current:
ripple 5 % (peak-to-peak value)
stabilization ±1 %
Lens current:
ripple 0,5 % (peak-to-peak value)
stabilization ±0,5 %
reproducibility ±0,5 %
Welding speed:
short-term stability ±2 %
long-term stability ±1 %
Run-out accuracy, longitudinal and circumferential ±0,1 mm

welds Unless otherwise agreed, requirements may be relaxed for
welding of large pieces
Stability of spot position in the plane perpendicular to ±0,1 mm up to a focal distance of 300 mm
the beam axis Stability of spot position for longer focal distance to be agreed
Pressure rise rate To be agreed (see Annex A)
5.3 Test report
All inspection results shall be recorded in a test report which includes:
⎯ reference to this part of ISO 14744;
⎯ all measured results;
⎯ assessment of all measurement results;
⎯ the name of the responsible welding supervisor; and
⎯ description the setting range, which complies with the requirements of this part of ISO 14744.
The test report has to be signed by the examiner.
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BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
6 Acceptance inspection
6.1 General
The acceptance inspection specified below is applicable for general applications for electron beam welding
machines. Alternative conditions may be agreed for special applications. However, the applicability of limit
deviations specified in Table 1 has to be assessed for such special applications.
6.2 Accelerating voltage, beam current, and lens current
6.2.1 Measurement procedure
ISO 14744-2 specifies details of the method of measurement, the test arrangement and the procedure to be
followed in measuring the accelerating voltage characteristics and ISO 14744-3 specifies the beam current
characteristics. Lens current shall be measured by inserting a current meter into the lens current circuit or
using special measuring connections at the lens current amplifier.
6.2.2 Ripple
The ripple of the accelerating voltage and of the beam current shall be measured for the following settings:
a) UA max and IB max; UA max and 0,5 IB max; UA max and 0,1 IB max; and
b) UA min and IB max; UA min and 0,5 IB max; UA min and 0,1 IB max.
The lens current ripple shall be measured at IL max and IL min.
Instead of 0,1 IB max the value of IB min may be related to the application.
6.2.3 Stability
The measurement shall be made over an operating time of 2tw max, minimum 30 min, by continuous recording
of the accelerating voltage, the beam current, and the lens current set at UA max, 0,1 IB max and
0,5 (IL max + IL min).
6.2.4 Reproducibility
With the high voltage power supply of the welding machine set at average accelerating voltage
0,5 (UA max + UA min), average beam current set at 0,5 IB max and average lens current set at
0,5 (IL max + IL min) the machine shall be switched off and on five times with identical settings. The resulting
accelerating voltage, beam current, and lens current shall be measured.
6.3 Welding speed characteristics
6.3.1 Measurement procedure
ISO 14744-4 specifies details of the method of measurement, test arrangement and measurement procedure.
The welding speed characteristics shall be measured directly at the work table, at the rotating fixture or at the
movable electron gun.
6.3.2 Short-term stability

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The welding speed, v, shall be measured in all the primary directions for welding, for mmax and for m = 0.
6
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
6.3.3 Long-term stability
In the case of devices positioning the workpiece and designed for an uninterrupted welding time of more than
one minute, the long-term stability shall be measured, measurements being made by continuous recording at
an average welding speed and a medium load over an operating time equal to at least twice the maximum
welding time.
6.3.4 Reproducibility
With the devices positioning the workpiece first set to vmax and then to vmin, at a medium load 0,5 mmax, the
moving devices shall be switched off and on five times without alteration to the settings, and the resulting
welding speed measured.
6.4 Run-out accuracy
ISO 14744-5 specifies details of the test arrangement and the measurement procedure. The run-out accuracy
of the work table and rotational movements shall be measured both in the unloaded state and at maximum
load. Where applicable, the run-out accuracy of the movable electron gun is also to be measured.
6.5 Stability of spot position
ISO 14744-6 specifies details of the test arrangement and the measurement procedure. For testing the
“continuous operation mode” of the welding machine (as specified in ISO 14744-6:2000, Clause 5) the
electron beam shall be set to UA max and 0,1 IB max, switched on and maintained at this setting for 15 min.
Then the work chamber shall be ventilated, evacuated and continuous operation with the same parameters
resumed for at least 15 min.
7 Supplementary acceptance inspections

Annex A contains information on pressure rise rate.
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BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
Annex A
(informative)
Procedures for inspection of pressure rise rate
A.1 General
Measurement of evacuation time, residual pressure after evacuation, pressure rise rate and leak rate may be
included as a part of the acceptance inspection of machines for electron beam welding. This annex specifies,
for information, a procedure for inspection of pressure rise rate.
A.2 Measurement of the pressure rise rate

The pressure rise rate, Q, may be measured as follows:
⎯ evacuating the chamber until the working pressure, p0, for normal operation is reached;
⎯ waiting until the pressure level is stable;
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⎯ separating the work chamber from the various pumping systems — this point corresponds to the
beginning of measurement, t0;
⎯ letting the pressure level evolve for a sufficient time so that the pressure increase is at least one power of
10 — a common practice is to wait several hours, e.g. over a night or a weekend;
⎯ then measuring pressure p1 at time t1:
( p1 − p 0 ) × V
Q=
t1 − t 0
where
Q is the pressure rise rate, in pascal cubic decimetres per second, or millibar⋅litres per second;
p0 is the pressure, in pascals or millibars, in the chamber at time t0;
p1 is the pressure, in pascals or millibars, in the chamber at time t1;
V is the volume, in cubic decimetres or litres, of the chamber;
t0; t1 are respectively the start of the measurement time and the actual measurement time, in seconds.
8
BS EN ISO 14744-1:2008
Bibliography
[1] ISO 14744-2, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines —
Part 2: Measurement of accelerating voltage characteristics
Part 3: Measurement of beam current characteristics
Part 4: Measurement of welding speed
Part 5: Measurement of run-out accuracy
[5] ISO 14744-6:2000, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines —
Part 6: Measurement of stability of spot position
[6] IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements
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BS EN ISO
14744-1:2008
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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14744-1:2008. It

This British Standard was Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

ISBN 978 0 580 57187 9

Copyright British Standards Institution

ICS 25.160.30 Supersedes EN ISO 14744-1:2000

Welding - Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2008.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

Copyright British Standards Institution

This document supersedes EN ISO 14744-1:2000.

Copyright British Standards Institution

Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding

3 Symbols and abbreviated terms

AF focal distance, in millimetres

AW work distance, in millimetres

D diameter, in millimetres or in centimetres, of a circumference weld seam

IB beam current, in milliamperes

IL lens current, in milliamperes

IL max lens current, in milliamperes, at UA max and for AF min

IL min lens current, in milliamperes, at UA min and for AF max

Copyright British Standards Institution

n rotational frequency, in reciprocal minutes, of rotating fixture

tw time, in seconds, for welding a seam

tw max maximum time, in seconds, for welding a seam

UA indicated accelerating voltage, in kilovolts

Ua monitored voltage for measuring the accelerating voltage, in millivolts

Ub monitored voltage, in millivolts, for measuring the beam current, in millivolts

Uv monitored voltage, in millivolts, for measuring the welding speed

4 Conditions for acceptance inspection

⎯ accelerating voltage characteristics;

⎯ beam current characteristics;

⎯ lens current characteristics;

⎯ speed characteristics of movement devices;

⎯ run-out accuracy of movement devices;

⎯ stability of spot position.

And the following test may be agreed:

⎯ pressure rise rate.

After changing of equipment location the following test shall be done:

⎯ speed characteristics of movement devices;

⎯ run-out accuracy of movement devices;

⎯ stability of spot position.

And the following test may be agreed:

⎯ pressure rise rate.

⎯ tests of all affected machine components.

4.2 Installation of electron beam welding machine

4.3 Power source

4.4 Safety precautions

4.5 Operating instructions

Copyright British Standards Institution 3

5 Principles of acceptance inspection

5.1 Setting range

⎯ welding speed in all primary welding directions.

⎯ load resulting from workpiece and fixture mass;

⎯ pressure rise rate (if necessary).

5.2 Limit deviations for machine parameters and characteristics

Table 1 — Limit deviations for machine parameters and characteristics