The Relationship

between Reading &

Writing

Week 2
Learning Objectives

1. Recognize the relationship between reading and writing

2. Respond to a text in writing: Summarizing

3. Review paragraph structure

 Do you agree that there is a relationship
between reading & writing?
• What is the relationship between reading and writing?

There is general agreement that reading and writing are

related.
o As you read, you will develop your paragraphing and
sentencing skills.
o It expands your vocabulary.
o It improves your spelling, grammar, punctuation and
capitalization.
We will practice writing during this semester through
summarizing a text that you have read.
 To show your understanding of reading
material, you can summarize it.
• Which of the following is correct definition of a summary?

1. A summary is a restatement of the main points and important details of the reading
material. Correct
Incorrect
2. A summary is a long description (longer than the original) written in your own words.
3. In a summary, use phrases such as (the author believes ….) to show that the ideas are
not yours. Correct
4. The summary includes less important details and your opinion or interpretation. Incorrect
5. The purposes of summarizing is to provide an overview and show your understanding of
the main idea(s) of the original text. Correct
 What are the stages of summary writing?
Put the stages in the correct order (1-5)
• What are the steps of writing a summary?
a. Write the summary in your own words, including the
important details. (2)

b. Revise the content and proofread (grammar, spelling,

punctuation and capitalization). (3)

c. Read the paragraph and make sure that you

understand it well. (1) Online Exercise

d. Identify the topic, main idea, and important details. (2)

 Summarize the following paragraph in 1-2
sentences
Education and COVID-19
September, 2020

More than 1 billion children are at risk of falling behind due to school closures
aimed at containing the spread of COVID-19. To keep the world’s children
learning, countries have been implementing remote education programs. Yet
many of the world’s children – particularly those in poorer households – do
not have internet access, personal computers, TVs or even radio at home,
amplifying the effects of existing learning inequalities. Students lacking
access to the technologies needed for home-based learning have limited
means to continue their education. As a result, many face the risk of never
returning to school, undoing years of progress made in education around the
world.

UNICEF https://data.unicef.org/topic/education/covid-19/ Possible answer

Summary
The article discusses how COVID 19 has changed the way children learn
nowadays. Hence, children in low-income families may struggle to have
access to proper education since it relies primarily on technology.
Write your Summary in a Paragraph Structure.
How to write a paragraph

Example of sentence starters

 Sentence Starters

http://businessaeu.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/7/127724574/74_summary_us_student.pdf
 Attributive Tags

http://businessaeu.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/7/127724574/74_summary_us_student.pdf
 Previous Session on Tuesday

• Which of the following is correct definition of a summary?

1. A summary is a restatement of the main points and important details of the reading
material. Correct Incorrect
2. A summary is a long description (longer than the original) written in your own words.
3. In a summary, use phrases such as (the author believes ….) to show that the ideas are
not yours. Correct
4. The summary includes less important details and your opinion or interpretation.
Incorrect
Chapter 1: Education &
Student Life,
p. 2

Part 1
 Objectives

• Read an article about the education system around the world

• Reading strategy: getting meaning from context

• Reading Strategy: skimming reading

Introduction

• Do you think the education system in Mexico

is similar to the one in Japan? Why or why
not?

• Today, we are going to read an article about

the education system in different countries
around the world.

• Before reading the article, let’s learn how to

know/guess the meaning of new words in a
passage.
Reading Strategy
 1. Reading Strategy:

Getting Meaning from

Context, p. 5
 How can you know the meaning of new words
when reading?

You can often guess the meanings of new words from the context through using
clues. How? Here are three types of clues to help you guess new words.
Types Example
1. Punctuation ( )
After – or ,
2. Another Sentence

3. Logic
Practice
Exercise 3, p. 6

a. country
b. required
another point of view c. equal
d. available to everyone
e. elementary school
required
available to everyone f. another point of view

country

equal
Cont.

self-control a. whole
b. decides
c. self-control
whole d. social position
social position

decides

Reading
 2. Reading Strategy:
Skimming for the Main
Idea & the Topic,
p. 12
What is skimming reading? Why is it important?

• Read the title and subheadings.

• Look at any photos and diagrams.

• Read quickly and don’t read every word.

• Read to identify the topic and the main idea.

Read the first paragraph, p. 7

a. What is the title of

the article? What
does it mean?
b. How many countries
that have been
discussed in the
article? (subheadings)
c. What do you think
the main idea of the
article?
Skim the second paragraph, p. 7

a. What is the
topic/subject of each
paragraph in the
article?

Options
Exercise 6, p. 9

Cont.
What is the topic/subject of each paragraph in the
article?

a. What is the
topic/subject of each
paragraph in the
article?
Options
Exercise 6, p. 9

B
Chapter 1: Education &
Student Life, p. 2

PART 2
 Previous Session on Tuesday

• Read an article about the education system around the world

• Reading strategy: getting meaning from context

• Reading Strategy: skimming reading

 Objectives

• Read an article about campus life

• Skim reading
• Understanding pronoun references
• Politically correct vocabulary
Introduction

• What does the word ‘campus’ mean?

• Today, we are going to read an article about

campus life.

• What is the title of the article? What does it

mean?

• Are there any subheadings and/ or photos?

Skim Reading
 1. Reading Strategy:
Skimming for the Main
Idea & the Topic,
p. 12
Skim the first paragraph, p. 13
What is the topic and mean idea?

Changes in U.S. college population

Traditional college students are
being replaced by nontraditional
students who have different need
and expectations of colleges.
Skim the second paragraph, p. 13
What is the topic and mean idea?

Learning styles of nontraditional students

Nontraditional students prefer the sensing style of learning
or getting experience first and ideas later.
 2. Understanding
Pronoun Reference,
p. 15
What are pronouns? Why is it important to understand
the meanings of pronouns in a passage?
• Pronouns take the place of nouns.

• It’s important to understand the meanings of pronouns to know which nouns they
are refering to.

Practice
Skim the first paragraph, p. 13
What is the topic and mean idea?
Undergraduate
students

Nontraditional
students

Nontraditional
students
 3. Vocabulary:

Understanding
“Politically Correct”
Language, p.17
What is Politically Correct ‘PC’ Language? What is
its purpose? Where is it used/ heard?

Practice
Identify political correct words and phrases for the
following words
a. Basic classes
Visually challenged b. Asians
Differently abled c. Differently abled
d. Developing countries
People of size e. People of size
Humanity f. Visually challenged
Asians g. Humanity
Police officer h. Police officer
Basic classes
Developing countries
 Previous Sessions

1. Read an article about the education system around the world

2. Read an article about campus life

3. Reading strategy: getting meaning from context

4. Reading Strategy: skimming reading

5. Understanding pronoun references

6. Politically correct vocabulary

Assignment 1

Wednesday

Sep 22, 2021

Plagiarized summaries will receive a ZERO.

PART 1: Exercise 5, p.9
(Identify the Main Idea) 1 Point
PART 1: Exercise 8, p.10
(Organize Information in T-Chart) 2 Points
PART 2: Exercise 4, p.16
(Summarize a Paragraph) 2 Points

•Choose one country from the reading in Part

1, pages 6-8.

•Write a summary (minimum 4

sentences) about the country's education
system using your own words.

•Follow the steps in Exercise 4 - Part 2 on

page 16.

•Pay attention to grammar, spelling,

punctuation and capitalization.

How?
 What are the characteristics of a good summary?

1. A summary is a restatement of the main points and important details of the reading
material.

2. A summary is a short description written in your own words.

3. In a summary, use phrases such as (the author believes ….) to show that the ideas are
not yours.
 Attributive Tags

http://businessaeu.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/7/127724574/74_summary_us_student.pdf

Practice
Practice

• Summarize the paragraph

following the steps
(minimum 2 sentences)

Send 1st draft

by Saturday,
Sep 18 for
feedback

Hartmann, P. and Kirin, E. (2007). Interactions 1: Reading. Gold Edition. McGraw-Hill: New York.
Chapter 2: City Life, p.
22

Part 1
WEEK 4
 Objectives

• Read an article about a city

• Reading strategy: other ways of getting meaning from context

• Identifying the main idea and supporting details

• Understanding italics
Introduction

• Before you read, think of the bad and good

things about your city.

• Today, we are going to read an article about

common problems in big cities and the
solutions that 1 city has found.

• Before reading the article, let’s learn other

ways to know/guess the meaning of new
words in a passage.
Reading Strategy
 1. Reading Strategy:

More Ways to Help

Getting Meaning from
Context, p. 25
 How can you know the meaning of new words
when reading?
You can guess the meanings of new words from the context through using clues
(punctuation, another sentence and/or logic). Here are other three types of
clues to help you guess new words.
Types Example
4. Introduce with the words (‘for
examples example’, ‘such as’,
‘for instance’)
5. The opposite
meaning

6. Definition or With (‘that is’ or ‘in

explanation other words’) Practice
Exercise 4, p. 26

traffic that doesn’t move

go from home to work and back

rich

list of what was most important

garbage Cont.
Cont.
fruits and vegetables

factory or place where glass, bottles, plastic and cans are made into new products

A system transportation for many people

farms
Plants that produce food (grain, vegetables, fruits)

grow

City people
2. Identifying the Main
Idea , p. 29
What is the main idea? Where can you find it in an
essay or article?

• Main idea is the ‘umbrella idea’

• Usually 1 or 2 sentences in an essay or article state the main idea of the whole
passage.

• You can usually find the main idea near the beginning of an essay.

Practice
p. 27

Read paragraphs A &

B, what do you think
the main idea of the
article?
3. Understanding Italics,
p. 31
What are italics? Why are they used for?

Practice
 Exercise 8, p. 31
Find the words in italics in the following paragraph. Is it used for emphasis or to
introduce a foreign word.
 Previous Session on Sunday

• Read an article about a city

• Reading strategy: other ways of getting meaning from context
• Identifying the main idea and supporting details
• Understanding italics
Chapter 2: City Life, p.
22

Part 1
WEEK 4
 Objectives

• You are going to read an article about ‘Sick Building Syndrome’

• Skimming for main ideas

• Understanding pronoun references

• Understanding parts of speech

 Introduction

• You are going to read an article about Sick

Building Syndrome.

• What is Sick Building Syndrome?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0f7ryhwTT
Gc
1. Skimming for Main
Ideas, p. 33
You can copy the main idea directly from the paragraph or use
your own words: p. 33

Cont.
 2. Understanding
Pronoun References, p.
37
P. 37

teachers and students

people
chemicals
3. Understanding Parts of
Speech, p. 40
What does the part of speech mean? Why is it
important to know the part of speech of a word?

• That is, is the word a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb?

• The word’s part of speech helps you forming sentences and with
translation.

Practice
 P. 40

create
crowd
differ
difficulty
efficiently
polluted
prediction
safe
solution
worse
Practice
 p. 41

pollution
pollutants

crowds
crowded

safe
safely
safety Cont.
beautiful p. 42
beautify

predict worse
predictions
worsen

differ
difference
differently
different

efficient
efficiently
p. 42
 Last Week (Chapter 2)

• Read an article about “Sick Building Syndrome”

• Skimming for main ideas & understanding pronoun references

• Understanding parts of speech

Cont.
• She is a _________ artist.
1. Create v ‫يبتكر‬
2. Creation n ‫ ابداع‬-‫ابتكار‬
3. Creative adj ‫مبدعة‬
4. Creatively adv ‫بطريقة‬
 P. 40

create
crowd
differ
difficulty
efficiently
polluted
prediction
safe
solution
worse
Practice
 p. 41

pollution
pollutants

- crowds – crowded
crowds
crowded
- safe – safety – safely
safe
safely
safety Cont.
 - beautiful – beauty- beautifully

beautiful p. 42
beautify

- difference – differently - different

differ
difference Chapter 2:
differently Vocabulary
different Exercise (Bonus) –
Available on BB
- efficiency– efficiently
efficient
efficiently
Chapter 3: Business &
Money, p. 46

Part 1
WEEK 5
 Objectives

• Read an article about organizations that are helping people escape from poverty.

• Reading strategy: other ways of getting meaning from context

• Reading strategy: scan reading

 Introduction

• Can poor people borrow money from banks to

start their own businesses? How?

• You are going to read an article about

organizations that are helping poor people and
giving them a chance to escape poverty.

➢Before reading the article, let’s learn other ways

to know/guess the meaning of new words in a
passage.
 1. Reading Strategy:

Getting Meaning from

Context, p. 50
 How can you know the meaning of new words
when reading?
You can guess the meanings of new words from the context through using clues
(punctuation, another sentence, logic, introduce example, the opposite
meaning, explanation). Here’s another clue to help you guess new words.

Types Example
7. Using (e.g., or (e.g.) = for example
i.e.) (i.e.) = in other words

Practice
 p. 50

People who own and run their own small businesses.

Group members make sure that each person pays back his or her loan.

Violence and lack of education

 2. Reading Strategy:

Scanning for Information

What is scan reading?, p. 39

Practice
Scan paragraph A (p. 52):
Find out if the following statements are T or F; correct the false statements

1. It is easy to escape from poverty. ( )

2. Rich people have social problems, e.g., violence. ( )
Cont.
Scan paragraph A (p. 53):
Answer the following question:

• If a poor woman wants to

borrow money from a bank to
own a small business, she
must meet 3 important
conditions. What are they?
1. Character = honest
2. Capacity = ability
3. Collateral = owns something
valuable

• Is it easy to break the cycle of

poverty? Why?

Cont.
Scan paragraph C (p. 53):
Answer the following question:

1. What is one possible solution

to help poor people?
Microlending: loaning money
to the poorest of the poor
2. Who is the founder of
Germeen Bank?
Mohammad Yunus
3. Is ‘collateral’ necessary in
Germeen Bank? What is a
different requirement in
Germeenn Bank?
No, however, each borrower must
join a borrowing group.
 Previous Session on Sunday

• Read an article about organizations that are helping people escape from poverty.

• Reading strategy: other ways of getting meaning from context

• Reading strategy: scan reading

 Objectives

• Understanding parts of speech: suffixes

• Paying attention to phrases

• Introducing Assignment 2
1. Understanding Parts of
Speech: Suffixes, p. 64
 How can you tell the part of speech of a word?

• Sometimes you can tell the part of speech from the suffix (the word ending); for example:
1. He is a teacher. noun
2. The chair is very comfortable. adjective

• What are other noun/adjective suffixes (word endings) that help identifying the word part of
speech?

Practice
 p. 64
n
adj n
n n
n n
n n
adj
adj
n
n
adj
p. 65

Practice
 Choose the correct form of the word.

1. The final scene was extremely (violent – violence).

2. She became (success – successful) at a young age.

3. Some people blame (poverty - poor) for crime.

4. Her mother was a brilliant (science – scientist).

5. This type of wood needs (special – specially) treatment.

6. The room looks (difference – different) without the furniture.

2. Paying Attention to
Phrases, p. 65
 What is a phrase? What are the types of phrases?

• A phrase is a group of words that is used as a unit in a sentence, for example:

1. The book was on the table.
2. To make lemonade, you have to start with lemons.

• There are several types of phrases in English; the most common ones are:
(Noun Phrase – Verb Phrase – Infinitive Phrase – Prepositional Phrase)
1. She was lost in the dark of night. Prepositional phrase
2. To donate time or money is an honorable thing. Infinitive phrase
3. Everybody has worked hard. Verb phrase
4. I don't have a bank account. Noun phrase Practice
5. I want a cute puppy. Noun phrase
 p. 65
PP VP PP
VP PP
NP VP NP
NP PP NP
IP

Assignment 2
Assignment 2

Wednesday,
Oct 6, 2021

Plagiarized
assignments will
receive a ZERO!
5 Points
 Last Week (Chapter 3)

• Understanding parts of speech: suffixes

• Paying attention to phrases

Practice
 Revision

• What is the part of speech of the following words?

1. Difficulty
2. Expensive

• There are several types of phrases in English; the most common ones are:
(Noun Phrase – Verb Phrase – Infinitive Phrase – Prepositional Phrase)
1. The book was on the table. Prepositional phrase
2. To help other people is an honorable thing. Infinitive phrase
3. He has been working in this company for ten years. Verb phrase
4. The car wash was out of order. Noun phrase
5. I love old houses. Noun phrase
Chapter 4: Jobs &
Professions,
p. 70

Part 1
WEEK 6
 Objectives

• Read an article about the world of work

• Guessing the meaning from context

• Skimming & scanning

• Using the prefix over-

 Introduction

• Can you think of some ways in which work has

changed in the past 20 to 50 years?

• You are going to read an article about the

changes in the world of work.

➢Before reading, let’s try to guess the meaning of

new words in the article using the previous
learned methods. Practice
1. Guessing the Meaning
from Context
 p. 73

Belief in their own ability

Work at home and communicate by computer, telephone and fax

Cannot focus; take their attention away

disadvantage Reading
2. Skimming & Scanning
 • Skim reading:
p. 75
1. What is the main idea of this
paragraph?

• Scan reading:
Are the following statements T or
F?
1. In the past, people have much
choice about the work they
would do. ( )
2. In the past, people couldn’t
choose to change from one
profession to another. ( )
3. The world of work is constantly
changing. ( )
Practice
3. Using the Prefix ‘over-’
p. 80
 What is the difference between suffixes & prefixes?

1. Ms. Smith is my favorite teacher. Suffix

2. Some people overwork and don’t enjoy their work. Prefix

Prefix over-
 Understanding the Prefix over-

• What does the prefix over- mean?

➢It indicates that there is too much of something or that someone is doing too much of a
certain action.

➢It comes before a verb, noun or adjective, for example:

1. You should exercise every day, but don't overdo it. Verb
2. Their response was an overreaction. Noun
3. He seemed arrogant and overconfident. Adjective
 p. 80

overcrowded
overestimate

overdue

overpopulation
 Assignment 2
5 points
Submission deadline is next Wednesday, Oct 6, at 11:59
PM
Assignment 2

Wednesday,
Oct 6, 2021

Plagiarized
assignments will
receive a ZERO!
5 Points
 Previous Session on Sunday

• Chapter 4: Jobs & Profession (Reading activities)

• Prefix over-
Chapter 4: Jobs &
Professions,
p. 70

Part 2
WEEK 6
 Objectives

• Adjective phrases
• How to create phrases
• Compound words
1. Adjective Phrases +
Exercises,
p. 87
 What is the difference between Adjective Phrase, Noun
Phrase and Prepositional phrase?
1. I adopted a small kitten. Noun phrase
2. I adopted a very small kitten. Adjective phrase
3. The big bug is under the blanket. Prepositional phrase
4. The big bug, under the blanket, is coming toward me. Adjective phrase
5. I love old houses. Noun phrase
6. Monica is a sweet girl. Adjective phrase

• So, what is an adjective phrase?

1. Begins with an adverb
2. A modifying preposition
3. Modifying the noun or subject of a sentence Practice
 Identify the type of the underlined phrases in the
following sentences:

Noun phrase Prepositional phrase

1. I saw a striped zebra at the zoo.
Adjective phrase
2. The horse has an extremely long tail.

Adjective phrase
3. The bakery, around the corner, sells cakes.

Practice
 p. 88

job (a)
phone (h)
field (e) Select one of the
following phrases and
opening (b) put it in a sentence.
counseling (g)
agency (c)
confidence (f)
2. Compound Words,
p. 88
 What are compound words?

1. I live with my grandmother. Compound words are long

words that consist of
2. My mailbox is packed. smaller words.
3. We should play inside today.
Two words are combined
4. Everything comes to those who wait. to make a new word
5. My brother plays basketball.
Give examples!

Practice
 p. 88

e draw/back
j
over/coming
a
grid/lock
i world/wide
b over/work
c work/force
f up/grade
d on/line
g back/ground