Lecture 12 - ME 241 - 06 Oct 2015-1 (Theory and Probs)

ME 241: Engineering Mechanics Lecture: 12
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
ME 241
Chapter 5: Centroid and

Center of Gravity
Dr. Md. Ashiqur Rahman
1
ME 241: Engineering Mechanics
CONCEPT OF A COMPOSITE BODY
b a
a
e
b e
d
d
Many industrial objects can be considered as composite bodies

made up of a series of connected “simpler” shaped parts or
holes, like a rectangle, triangle, and semicircle.
Knowing the location of the centroid, C, or center of gravity,

G, of the simpler shaped parts, we can easily determine the
location of the C or G for the more complex composite body.
2
CONCEPT OF A COMPOSITE BODY
 Cars, trucks, bikes, and many other devices are assembled

using many individual components.
3
COMPOSITE PLATES AND AREAS
• Composite plates
X W   x W
Y W   y W
• Composite area
X  A   xA
Y  A   yA
4
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
1. Divide the body into pieces that are known shapes. Holes are
considered as pieces with negative weight or size.
2. Make a Table with the first column for segment number, the
second column for weight, mass, or size (depending on the
problem), the next set of columns for the moments, and, finally,
several columns for recording results of simple calculations.
3. Fix the coordinate axes, determine the coordinates of the center

of gravity or centroid of each piece, and then fill-in the table.
4. Sum the columns to get x, y, and z. Use formulas like

 
x = (  xi Ai )/( Ai ) or x = ( xi Wi )/( Wi )
5
PROBLEM: 01
a
c
b
 Determine the centroid of the composite body shown
6
SOLUTION
• Dividing the Composite

body into Four sections:
   
Segment Area A x y Ax Ay
(in2) (in) (in) ( in3) ( in3)
Rectangle 18 3 1.5 54 27
Triangle 4.5 7 1 31.5 4.5
Q. Circle 9 /4 – 4(3)/(3) 4(3)/(3) –9 9
Semi-Circle – /2 0 4(1)/(3) 0 - 2/3
(Hole)
 28.0 76.5 39.83
7
SOLUTION
a
c
b
Using the table data to find the

coordinates of the centroid, we d
get

x = ( x A)/( A ) = 76.5 in3/ 28.0 in2 = 2.73 in

y = ( y A)/( A ) = 39.83 in3 / 28.0 in2 = 1.42 in
8
PROBLEM: 02 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
SOLUTION
9
SOLUTION
10
*PREVIOUS PROBLEM
 Evaluate the centroid coordinates:
xA  Q y
ab a 2b
x 
3 4 3
x a
4
yA  Q x
ab ab 2
y 
3 10 3
y b
10
11
SOLUTION
12
SOLUTION
13
THEOREMS OF
PAPPUS-GULDINUS
14
THEOREMS OF PAPPUS-GULDINUS
• Surface of revolution is generated by rotating a plane curve

about a fixed axis.
15
1. Area of a surface of revolution is equal to the length of the

generating curve times the distance traveled by the centroid
through the rotation
A  2 yL
16
 Body of revolution is generated by rotating a plane area about a

fixed axis.
17
2. Volume of a body of revolution is equal to the generating

area times the distance traveled by the centroid through the
rotation.
V  2 y A
18
PROBLEM: 03
Determine the volume of the solid generated by rotating the

semielliptical area shown about (a) the axis AA′, (b) the axis
BB′, (c) the y axis.
19
Solution:
4
5 - 20
CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A 3D BODY: CENTROID OF A VOLUME
• Center of Gravity, G
 
 W j    W j 
 
W   dW rGW   r dW
21
CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A 3D BODY: CENTROID OF A VOLUME
 Results are independent of body orientation
xW   xdW yW   ydW zW   zdW
 For homogeneous bodies:
W   V and dW   dV
xV   xdV yV   ydV zV   zdV
22
CENTROIDS OF COMMON 3D SHAPES
23
CENTROIDS OF COMMON 3D SHAPES
24
COMPOSITE 3D BODIES
Moment of the total weight concentrated at the

center of gravity G is equal to the sum of the
moments of the weights of the component
parts.
X W   xW Y  W   yW
Z W   zW
• For homogeneous bodies,
X V   xV Y  V   yV
Z V   zV
25
Example Problem 5.12

 Locate the center of gravity of the
steel machine element. The diameter
of each hole is 1 in.
Strategy:
• Form the machine element of A
rectangular parallelepiped + A
quarter cylinder, subtract two 1-
in. diameter cylinders.
26

Lecture 12 - ME 241 - 06 Oct 2015-1 (Theory and Probs)

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ME 241: Engineering Mechanics Lecture: 12

Chapter 5: Centroid and

Dr. Md. Ashiqur Rahman

CONCEPT OF A COMPOSITE BODY

Many industrial objects can be considered as composite bodies

Knowing the location of the centroid, C, or center of gravity,

CONCEPT OF A COMPOSITE BODY

 Cars, trucks, bikes, and many other devices are assembled

COMPOSITE PLATES AND AREAS

PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY

3. Fix the coordinate axes, determine the coordinates of the center

4. Sum the columns to get x, y, and z. Use formulas like

 Determine the centroid of the composite body shown

• Dividing the Composite

Using the table data to find the

PROBLEM: 02 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

 Evaluate the centroid coordinates:

• Surface of revolution is generated by rotating a plane curve

1. Area of a surface of revolution is equal to the length of the

 Body of revolution is generated by rotating a plane area about a

2. Volume of a body of revolution is equal to the generating

Determine the volume of the solid generated by rotating the

CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A 3D BODY: CENTROID OF A VOLUME

CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A 3D BODY: CENTROID OF A VOLUME

 Results are independent of body orientation

xW   xdW yW   ydW zW   zdW

 For homogeneous bodies:

xV   xdV yV   ydV zV   zdV

CENTROIDS OF COMMON 3D SHAPES

CENTROIDS OF COMMON 3D SHAPES

Moment of the total weight concentrated at the

• For homogeneous bodies,

Example Problem 5.12

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