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Steam Tracing
Steam Tracing
SI Unit Version
Author: J.A.B. de Lange
In conjunction with www.cheresources.com
Press "Ctrl L" to activate the macro that runs the simulation.
! It is very important to read the messages at the bottom of the screen each time the simulation has been run
Inputs
Line Number 4
Pipe Length (m) 444
Steam Specification
Steam Pressure (kPa) 444
Insulation Specifications
Insulation Material Rock Wool 40 kg/m³
Insulation Thickness (mm) 100
Emissivity of insulation lagging 0.4
Ambient Conditions
Ambient Temperature (ºC) 25
Wind Velocity (km/h) 10.8
Messages
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl L, as all the values have not converged to a satisfactory deg
Hottest Surface Temperature Acceptable for Personnel Protection, insulation thickness ok
Insulation thickness acceptable, but refer to the second message for further information
Steam pressure acceptable
Process Fluid Temperature acceptable, and above Minimum Allowable Fluid Temperature
ocess Fluid Temperature
Assumptions:
Saturated Steam is used, pressure drop along length of pipe neglegible
Resistance to heat transfer through tracer pipe wall material is neglegible
screen each time the simulation has been run, before evaluating the outputs.
Ouputs
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 98.4
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 147.4
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 33.2
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.04499
Temperature Range (ºC) -43 to 200ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 60
! It is very important to read the messages at the bottom of the screen each time the simulation has been run
Inputs
Line Number 2
Pipe Length (ft) 130
Steam Specification
Steam Pressure (psi) 35
Insulation Specifications
Insulation Material Rock Wool 40 kg/m³
Insulation Thickness (inches) 3
Emissivity of insulation lagging 0.4
Ambient Conditions
Ambient Temperature (ºF) 66
Wind Velocity (ft/s) 9
Messages
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl r, as all the values have not converged to a satisfactory degr
Hottest Surface Temperature Acceptable for Personnel Protection, insulation thickness ok
Insulation thickness acceptable, but refer to the second message for further information
Steam pressure acceptable
Process Fluid Temperature acceptable, and above Minimum Allowable Fluid Temperature
ocess Fluid Temperature
Assumptions:
Saturated Steam is used, pressure drop along length of pipe neglegible
Resistance to heat transfer through tracer pipe wall material is neglegible
screen each time the simulation has been run, before evaluating the outputs.
Ouputs
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 170.5
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 259.3
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 3.4
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02604
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 111
1 Install Solver
2 Make sure the macro function can use Solver
If at any time Solver reports an error message after a macro has been run, simply uninstall the Solver Add-In from the Add-
Ins menu (found under Tools), and reinstall Solver as described under "Install Solver".
If the above has no effect on the outcome of the error message, try guessing another value for the insulation thickness. Solve
sometimes converges to different values depending on the initial starting value.
all the Solver Add-In from the Add-
Pipes Bare
Reference 1 15 Cemented
Reference 2 8
Reference
6
Ambient Temperature
Wind speed (m/s) (km/h) є q -10
0 0 0 20.9726081606599 -9
1 3.6 0.05 34.8532249205347 -8
2 7.2 0.1 -7
3 10.8 0.15 -6
4 14.4 0.2 -5
5 18 0.25 -4
6 21.6 0.3 -3
7 25.2 0.35 -2
8 28.8 0.4 -1
9 32.4 0.45 0
10 36 0.5 1
11 39.6 0.55 2
12 43.2 0.6 3
13 46.8 0.65 4
14 50.4 0.7 5
15 54 0.75 6
16 57.6 0.8 7
17 61.2 0.85 8
18 64.8 0.9 9
19 68.4 0.95 10
20 72 1 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Imperial Units
Available steam
Latent Heat (BTU/lbm)
946.352423799911
Pipes Bare
Reference 1 11 Cemented
Reference 2 8
Reference
6
Ambient Temperature
Wind speed (ft/s) є q (BTU/hft ) 2
-4
0 0 6.53880961844072 -3
3 0.05 11.4713281780118 -2
6 0.1 -1
9 0.15 0
12 0.2 1
15 0.25 2
18 0.3 3
21 0.35 4
24 0.4 5
27 0.45 6
30 0.5 7
33 0.55 8
36 0.6 9
39 0.65 10
42 0.7 11
45 0.75 12
48 0.8 13
51 0.85 14
54 0.9 15
57 0.95 16
60 1 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Amount of Tracers
1 Tracer OD OD (Inches) OD (mm)
2 ¼" 0.672 17.0688
3 ½" 0.84 21.336
4 ¾" 1.05 26.67
5 1" 1.315 33.401
Reference 2
Stainless Steel
Carbon Steel
Reference
1
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 98.4
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 147.4201797
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 33.21
Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.04499
Temperature Range (ºC) -43 to 200ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 60.27
Ouputs: Cemented
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 125.8
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 147.4201797
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 60.04
Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.04499
Temperature Range (ºC) -43 to 200ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 86.23
Outer Surface Information
Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºC) -26.41
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (W/m²K) 10.6
Reference
2
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 170.5
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 259.29
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 3.40
No Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02604
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 111.37
Ouputs: Cemented
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 215.5
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 259.29
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 7.75
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02604
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 154.06
k1 17.1429376099006
k2 0.582777382742219
Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.
Do not change anything in this sheet, as it will cause the simulation to run incorrectly
c1 7.57603004191453
c2 0.584457086299316
c3 0.7328941005792
NPS qt (W/m²K)
½" 34.4 60.2879608
¾" 34.4 60.2879608
1" 34.3 60.1127051
1½" 34.3 60.1127051
2" 32.6 57.1333582
2½" 31 54.329267
3" 29.1 50.9994087
3½" 27.8 48.7210846
4" 26.9 47.1437833
6" 23.8 41.7108566
8" 21.5 37.6799755
10" 18.4 32.2470488
12" 14.6 25.5873322
14" 12.2 21.3811954
16" 9.8 17.1750586
18" 9.8 17.1750586
20" 9.8 17.1750586
24" 9.7 16.9998029
30" 9.7 16.9998029
36" 9.7 16.9998029
42" 9.6 16.8245472
48" 9.6 16.8245472
17.1750586
mm inch
Insthick 100.00 3.93700787401575
Cement
0.168
0.21
0.168
k1 17.8735015899047
k2 0.238457053748062
ctrl + r
acos((r1-r2)/(r1+r2)) 0.604990800509272 Starting Values Diff
Tsurf pipe bare ºF 69.9527836005848 69.9517052084883 1.16293E-06
Tsurf pipe cement ºF 72.3280544917413 72.3270495152862 1.009978E-06
Process fluid temp Bare 140.954803428833 9.31011E-09
Process fluid temp Cement 233.105932737461 0.0071195664
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl r, as all the values have not converged to
0.0071217486
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl r, as all the values have not converged to
Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.
c1 -72.0976492693274
c2 0.0401924281256264
c3 3.01
NPS qt (BTU/ft²hºF)
½" 34.4
¾" 34.4
1" 34.3
1½" 34.3
2" 32.6
2½" 31
3" 29.1
3½" 27.8
4" 26.9
6" 23.8
8" 21.5
10" 18.4
12" 14.6
14" 12.2
16" 9.8
18" 9.8
20" 9.8
24" 9.7
30" 9.7
36" 9.7
42" 9.6
48" 9.6
21.5
mm inch
Insthick 100.00 3.93700787401575
α 0.604990800509272
Ф 1.5084626746287
498.15 523.15 573.15 598.15 623.15 648.15 673.15
0.068 0.075
0.103970625 0.1120475
0.071 0.0742363 0.08 0.083 0.086 0.09 0.0928
0.0269025 0.02665 0.02592 0.025443 0.02489 0.024263 0.02356
- - - - - - -
0.097 0.118
0.069 0.072
0.069 0.0738
Bare
Cem
Ref P T H Ref P T H
64 441.28 420.344 2146.7 35 35 259.29 946.352
65 448.175 420.917 2145.1 36 36 260.95 945.345
PIPE INTERNAL DIAME
SCH 40S STD SCH 60 SCH 80 SCH 80S XS SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140
40S 60 80 80S 100 120 140
15.799 15.799 - 13.868 13.868 13.868 - - -
20.93 20.93 - 18.847 18.847 18.847 - - -
26.645 26.645 - 24.308 24.308 24.308 - - -
40.894 40.894 - 38.1 38.1 38.1 - - -
52.501 52.501 - 49.251 49.251 49.251 - - -
62.713 62.713 - 59.005 59.004 59.005 - - -
77.927 77.927 - 73.66 73.66 73.66 - - -
90.12 90.12 - 85.446 85.446 85.446 - - -
102.26 102.26 - 97.18 97.18 97.18 - 92.05 -
154.056 154.056 - 146.334 146.33 146.334 - 139.73 -
202.722 202.722 198.456 193.68 193.68 193.68 188.904 182.554 177.83
254.508 254.508 247.65 242.874 247.5 247.65 236.524 230.174 222.25
304.8 304.8 295.3 288.9 298.5 298.45 280.974 273.05 266.7
- 336.55 325.424 317.5 - 330.2 307.95 300.024 292.1
- 387.35 373.076 363.524 - 381 354.026 344.474 333.35
- 438.15 419.1 409.55 - 431.8 398.476 387.35 377.85
- 488.95 466.75 455.626 - 482.6 442.926 431.8 419.1
- 590.55 560.374 547.674 - 584.2 531.826 517.55 504.85
- 742.95 - - - 736.6 - - -
- 1047.75 - - - 1041.4 - - -
- 1200.15 - - - 1193.8 - - -
SCH XXS
160
4.775 7.468
5.563 7.823
6.35 9.093
7.137 10.16
8.738 11.074
9.525 14.021
11.125 15.24
- -
13.487 17.12
18.263 21.946
23.012 22.225
28.575 25.4
33.325 25.4
35.712 -
40.488 -
45.237 -
53.975 -
59.538 -
- -
- -
- -
- -
SCH XXS
160
1.3974 1.3974
1.461 1.461
1.5413 1.5413
1.7185 1.7185
1.8625 1.8625
2.014 2.014
2.2034 2.2034
- -
2.5063 2.5063
3.1502 3.1502
3.7562 3.7562
4.4 4.4
5.0054 5.0054
5.3847 -
5.9907 -
6.5967 -
7.207 -
8.4153 -
- -
- -
- -
- -