Lesson #2: Nature of
Oral Comms.
Lesson #1: Definition of
Communications
Voice Production - Oral
communication makes use of the
voice.
There are 4 stages of oral
production:
1. Respiration and Breathing
Control - The way we breathe
in and out affects our speech
delivery.
2. Phonation or Production of
Initial Sound - This takes place
when you release the air you
breathe, causing the vocal
chords to vibrate.
3. Modulation - Resonation
through the use of the larynx,
the mouth and other air
passages.
What is Communication?
- Derived from the Latin word
“COMMUNIS” which means to
impart, to transmit, to share
and, to convey.
- A process which ideas,
thoughts etc are conveyed
through symbols, signs, or
behavior.
Communication
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between two
or more people.
3. Communication can be conveyed
through written or spoken words.
Lesson #3: Elements of
Communication
● The Sender - the source of
information.
● The message - the information the
sender wants to transmit to the other
party.
● The channel - the means in which
the encoded message is conveyed.
● The feedback - the response given
by the receiver to the sender.
● Noise - Interferences that keeps a
message from being understood. (a.
Internal Source - refers to the
disturbance that happens within the
mind of the sender-receiver. B.
External Source - refers to the sound
of people, vehicles or loud music.)
● The receiver - the recipient of the
message, or someone who decodes
the message.
● Setting/Context - this refers to the
physical environment or the
communication context.
Lesson #5: Process of ● Considered as the first model of
communication.
Communication
● Mainly focused on speaker and
speech: Speaker, Speech,
Occasion, Audience, and Effect.
● Speaker-centered model.

Lasswell’s Model of Communication

● Known as “action model”

Berlo’s SMCR Model

Week 2: Various ● SMCR refers to Sender-Message-
Communication Models Channel-Receiver
● Focuses on encoding and decoding
which happens before the sender
1. Linear Communication Model sends the message and before
- Lasswell’s Model receiver receives the message
- Aristotle’s Model respectively.
- Berlo’s SMCR Model
2. Transactional Model
- Shannon - Weaver Model
3. Interactive Model
- Schramm’s Model

Linear Communication Model

● Communication is considered as
one-way process.
● It is applied in mass communication
like TV, radio, etc.
Transactional Model of Communication
● Is the exchange of messages
between sender and receiver where
each take turns to send or receive
messages.
● Both sender and receiver are known
as communicators.
● Also called circular model of
communication.
Aristotle’s Model of Communication
Shannon-Weaver’s Model of
Communication
● Mother of all models.
Interactive Model of Communication
● Also known as “convergence model”
● Deals with the exchange of ideas
and messages taking place both
ways from sender to receiver and
vice-versa.
Schramms’s Model of Communication
● It is built on the theory that
communication is a two-way street.
● It is a circular model, so that
communication is something circular
in nature.
Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication
Verbal Communication
● Refers to the use of words in
relaying a message either in oral or
written modes.
● It is a process of communicating with
words, written or spoken.
● It is the use of sound or words.
● It can be used to inform, inquire or
argue and discuss topics of all kinds.
Nonverbal Communication
● It is a process of communication
through sending and receiving
wordless messages.
● It includes physical appearance,
posture, gestures, body language,
facial expression, and eye contact
Features of Verbal & Nonverbal
Communication
Verbal Communication
1. It provides direction and information.
2. Used to convey meaning.
Nonverbal Communication
1. Wordless messages.
2. Communicate feelings and attitudes.
3.
Effective Communication
Skills
● It is the process of exchanging
ideas, thoughts, etc, so that the
message is received and understood
with clarity and purpose.
Features of Effective Communication
Skills
The Seven Cs:
 1. Completeness - It requires that the
message contains all the necessary
facts and information.
2. Conciseness - Conveying the
message with brevity and removing
words that make it confusing.
3. Consideration - Taking into account
the audiences’ needs and welfare in
mind.
4. Concreteness - Pertains to the
specific use of words when speaking
or writing.
5. Courtesy - Requires that the
message conveys a positive tone
and promotes goodwill to the
readers.
6. Correctness - Requires that the
message should observe accurate
and appropriate language.
Barriers to Communication
Emotional Barrier
● It is a mental block that influences
how you perceive others’ actions
and prevents you for clearly
communicating your feelings.
Use of Jargon
● It is an occupation-specific language
used by people in a given
profession.
Lack of Confidence
● Lacking confidence can be a major
barrier to effective communication.
Noisy Environment
● Comes from an external source, or
the environment in which the
communication is occurring.
Physical Barriers
● Are the natural or environmental
condition that acts as a barrier.
Psychological Barriers
● Are called mental barrier. These
refers to personal issues of a
speaker.
Cultural Barriers
● Pertain to communication problems
encountered regarding their intrinsic
values, beliefs, and traditions in
conflict with others.
Linguistic Barriers
● Pertains conflicts with regard to
language and meanings.
5 types of Speech Context
Intrapersonal
● This refers to communication that
centers on one person where the
speaker acts both as the sender and
the receiver of message.
Interpersonal
● This refers to communication
between and among people and
establishes personal relationship
between and among them.