Solomonic Dynasty

The Solomonic Dynasty (or Solomonic Restoration) is a period of history in Ethiopia

between 1270 to 1636. It is so called because, in 1270 when Emperor Yekuno Amlak
became emperor and he declared to be the lineal descent of Menelik I, son of King
Solomon and Queen Sheba, he ended the short lived rule of the Zagwes off of Ethiopia,
whom did not claim descent to Menelik I.

Emperors in the Solomonic period did not utilize capital cities like preceding empires.
They instead had what were termed as instant or moving capitals. The emperor, his
army, nobles, and other members of the monarchy lived in tents and huts. They often
did not stay in one place no more than four months at a time, moving only when they
had exhausted the land or the residents, which were required to supply cattle or food or
any other thing that was demanded.

During the Solomonic period of Ethiopian history, the Christian highland and the Muslim
coast were in constant fighting, often for the right to control trade routes. (Pankhurst
1998, 72) During the 14th century emperor Amda Seion and his successor, his son Sayfa
Ar’ad, fought consistently with the rulers of Ifat. In the mid-16th century, the campaigns
of Ahmad Gragn, nearly wiped out the Christian empire. It was only with the help of the
Portuguese army that the monarchy was able to defeat Ahmad Gragn. By the end of the
16th century, the Christian monarchy had been greatly weakened.

In the 17th century, Ethiopia flirted with Catholicism. After the Portuguese had helped
the monarchy defeat Ahmad, they had stayed put and they started preaching their
religion. (Pankhurst 1998, 93-4) This was a problem for the emperors of the late 16th
and early 17th century but upon Susneyons taking the throne in 1607, with the influence
of the Jesuits and under the illusion that it will lead to further Portuguese military
support, he slowly began to attack Orthodox Christianity and eventually made Roman
Catholicism the official religion of the state. Susneyons instituted forced conversions but
it only lead to wide spread rebellion and the Portuguese weren't forthcoming with
military assistance. Eventually the emperor gave way to the demands of the masses and
reinstituted Orthodox Christianity in 1632. (Pankhurst 1998, 103-7)

List of Rulers of the Solomonic restoration

1270-85 Yekuno Amlak

1285-94 Yigba Tseyon
1299-1314 Widim Ra'ad
1314-44 Amda Tseyon
1344-72 Sayfa Arad
1372-82 Newaya Maryam
1382-1411 Dawit I
1411-14 Tewodros
1414-29 Yeshaq
1434-68 Zara Ya'qob
1468-78 Baeda Maryam
1478-94 Eskender
1494-1508 Na'od
1508-40 Lebna Dengel
1540-59 Galawdewos
1559-63 Minas
1563-97 Sarsa Dengel
1597-1603 Ya'qob
1603-04 Za Dengel
1604-07 Ya'qob
1607-32 Susenyos
1632-67 Fasiladas
1667-82 Yohannes I
1682-1706 Iyasu I, the Great
1706-08 Takla Haymanot I
1708-11 Tewoflos
1711-16 Yostos
1716-21 Dawit III
1721-30 Bakaffa
1730-55 Iyasu II
1755-69 Iyoas

What is the historical background of the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty?

The Solomonic dynasty is a ruling dynasty in Ethiopia that claims descent from the biblical King
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. The dynasty was overthrown in 1974 but was restored in 1991
when the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took power and reinstated
Emperor Haile Selassie's grandson, Amha Selassie, as the titular Emperor-in-exile. Since then, the
Solomonic dynasty has regained some symbolic and ceremonial roles in Ethiopian society.

1. How did the Solomonic dynasty originally come to power in Ethiopia?

The Solomonic dynasty is a royal dynasty that ruled Ethiopia from the 10th century until the 20th
century. According to Ethiopian tradition, the dynasty was founded by Menelik I, the son of King
Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba.

Menelik I is said to have brought the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem to Ethiopia, which became
a symbol of the divine right of the Solomonic dynasty to rule. The dynasty continued to rule Ethiopia
for centuries, with some periods of interruption.

In the late 19th century, Ethiopia was invaded by Italy and the country was occupied for several years.
However, in 1941, Ethiopian forces, with the help of British troops, were able to defeat the Italian
forces and restore the Solomonic dynasty to power.

Overall, the Solomonic dynasty's claim to power was based on a combination of religious and
cultural traditions, as well as military strength and political alliances.

2. Why was the Solomonic dynasty overthrown in 1974?

The Solomonic dynasty was overthrown in 1974 by a military coup led by the Derg, a Marxist-Leninist
group. The dynasty had been in power for over 700 years and had faced challenges in the past,
including foreign invasions and internal power struggles. However, it was the economic and social
issues of the 20th century that ultimately led to its downfall. The monarchy was seen as out of touch
with the needs of the people and unable to address the pressing issues facing the country. The coup
led to the establishment of a socialist government and the end of the Solomonic dynasty's reign. For
more information on the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty, I'm afraid I couldn't find any reliable
sources on that topic

3. What role did Emperor Haile Selassie play in the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty?

Emperor Haile Selassie played a significant role in the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty in
Ethiopia. The Solomonic dynasty was overthrown in 1974 during the Ethiopian revolution, which led
to the establishment of a socialist government. However, Haile Selassie was seen as a symbol of the
old regime and was arrested by the military junta. He died under mysterious circumstances while in
custody.

After the fall of the socialist government in 1991, there was a movement to restore the Solomonic
dynasty. Haile Selassie's grandson, Prince Ermias Sahle Selassie, became the head of the Imperial
 Family and worked to promote the restoration of the dynasty. Haile Selassie's legacy and his role as a
symbol of Ethiopian unity and tradition played an important role in this movement.

In 1993, the Ethiopian government officially recognized the Imperial Family and restored their titles
and privileges. However, the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty is still a controversial issue in
Ethiopia, with some people supporting it as a way to reconnect with Ethiopia's history and tradition,
while others oppose it as a return to a feudal system of governance.

Overall, Emperor Haile Selassie played an important role in the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty
by serving as a symbol of Ethiopian tradition and unity, and his legacy continues to influence
discussions about Ethiopia's political and cultural identity.

4. How has the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty impacted Ethiopian society and politics?

The restoration of the Solomonic dynasty in Ethiopia has had a significant impact on Ethiopian
society and politics. The Solomonic dynasty claims its lineage from the biblical King Solomon and the
Queen of Sheba. Here are some key points about the historical background and the impact of the
restoration:

1. Historical Background:
 The Solomonic dynasty ruled Ethiopia for nearly 3,000 years, with Emperor Haile Selassie being the
last emperor before the monarchy was overthrown in 1974.
 After the monarchy's overthrow, Ethiopia went through a period of communist rule under the Derg
regime.
 In 1991, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) overthrew the Derg regime
and established a transitional government.

2. Restoration of the Solomonic Dynasty:

 Following the overthrow of the Derg regime, Emperor Haile Selassie's grandson, Prince Ermias Sahle-
Selassie, has played a prominent role in advocating for the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty.
 While not holding any political power, the restored Solomonic dynasty is seen as a symbol of
Ethiopia's rich history and cultural heritage.

3. Impact on Ethiopian Society and Politics:

 Cultural Significance: The restoration of the Solomonic dynasty has helped preserve Ethiopia's
cultural heritage and traditions. It has reinforced the connection between the present Ethiopian
society and its ancient roots.
 National Identity: The Solomonic dynasty represents a unifying factor for Ethiopians, fostering a
sense of national identity and pride.
 Political Influence: While not holding any political power, the restored dynasty still carries influence in
Ethiopian society. It can provide guidance and support to political leaders and act as a moral
authority.
It is important to note that opinions on the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty may vary among
different individuals and groups in Ethiopian society. Some may view it as an important symbol of
national identity, while others may have different perspectives.
.
Restoration of the Solomonic Dynasty: A
Historical Journey
The aspiration to restore the Solomonic dynasty has been a long-standing one, with efforts
spanning centuries. In this document, we will explore the history, challenges, and influences
surrounding the restoration movement of the Solomonic dynasty.

The Background History

The Ethiopian Empire

The Solomonic dynasty became the ruling family of the Ethiopian Empire in the 13th century,
after the fall of the Zagwe dynasty. The empire reached its peak during the reign of Emperor
Haile Selassie I.

The Derg Regime

In 1974, the Derg regime overthrew the Ethiopian Empire and abolished the monarchy. This led
to a period of political instability and unrest.

The Rise of Ethiopian Nationalism

The late 20th century saw a resurgence of Ethiopian nationalism, which rekindled hopes of
restoring the Solomonic dynasty.

Early History and Establishment of the

Solomonic Dynasty
The Solomonic dynasty was founded in the 13th century by Emperor Yekuno Amlak, who
claimed descent from the biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.

Decline and Fall of the Solomonic Dynasty

1769 Emperor Iyasu II is overthrown by his aunt, Empress Mentewab
Emperor Tewodros II commits suicide during the Battle of Magdala, ending his reign and
1855
leading to a succession crisis
Emperor Iyasu V is deposed after being accused of converting to Islam and replaced by
1916
Empress Zewditu
 Monarchy is abolished by the Derg regime, and Haile Selassie I is placed under house
1974
arrest where he would die in obscurity in 1975

Efforts to Restore the Solomonic Dynasty

The Crown Council

Formed in 1993 by Prince Ermias Sahle Selassie, the Crown Council is an organization of
prominent members of the Ethiopian aristocracy dedicated to the restoration of the Solomonic
dynasty.

The Solomonic Crown

The crown of the Solomonic dynasty was returned to Ethiopia in 1993, after being held in
captivity in Switzerland for decades.

The Youth Movement

Youth organizations in Ethiopia have emerged with the goal of restoring the Solomonic dynasty.
These organizations see the dynasty as a symbol of national pride and identity.

Factors that Influenced the Restoration

Aspiration
Cultural Significance

The Solomonic dynasty is seen as a symbol of Ethiopian identity and culture. Its rich history and
traditions are an important part of the country's heritage.

Spiritual Beliefs

The Solomonic dynasty is deeply intertwined with Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafarianism.
Many Ethiopians believe that restoring the dynasty could lead to greater spiritual fulfillment and
harmony.

Political Unrest

The political instability that followed the collapse of the Ethiopian Empire in 1974 has led many
to look to the stability and tradition of the Solomonic dynasty as a solution.
Role of Religious Leaders in the Restoration
Movement
Religious leaders play a vital role in the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty. The Ethiopian
Orthodox Church, in particular, has been a strong advocate for the restoration movement, seeing
the dynasty as a protector of the faith and its traditions.

Challenges Faced in the Restoration of the

Solomonic Dynasty
Political unrest and conflict in modern-day Ethiopia have hindered the restoration movement.

The legal and bureaucratic hurdles involved in restoring the Solomonic dynasty have proven
difficult to overcome.

The legacy of Emperor Haile Selassie I, the last emperor of Ethiopia, has overshadowed the
restoration movement, making it difficult to gain popular support.

Legacy and Impact of the Restoration

Movement
The Preservation of Tradition

The movement to restore the Solomonic dynasty has led to greater interest in Ethiopian history
and culture, and has helped to preserve important traditions and customs.

Spiritual Revival

For many Ethiopians, especially members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Rastafarianism,
the restoration movement has led to a renewed sense of spirituality and faith.

The Symbol of Ethiopian Identity

The Solomonic dynasty continues to be a powerful symbol of Ethiopian identity, pride, and
national unity, inspiring countless Ethiopians to work towards a better future.

Conclusion
The aspiration to restore the Solomonic dynasty is deeply rooted in Ethiopian history and culture,
and has been a driving force in the country's political, social, and spiritual landscape for
centuries. While the challenges facing the restoration movement are significant, the legacy and
impact of the dynasty continue to inspire Ethiopians to work towards a better future.

Restoring the Solomonic Dynasty

Explore the historical context and challenges surrounding the aspiration for the restoration of the
esteemed Solomonic dynasty in Ethiopia.

Overview of the Solomonic Dynasty

Ancient Lineage

The Solomonic dynasty traces its roots back to King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba.

Divine Connection

Believed to be descendants of the biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, the dynasty
holds immense spiritual significance.

Centuries of Rule

The dynasty's reign in Ethiopia spanned over centuries, with monarchs governing the nation and
its people.

Aspiration for Restoration

Spiritual Awakening

A deep reverence for history and a desire to reconnect with ancient roots fueled the aspiration to
restore the Solomonic dynasty.

Public Demand

Support and calls for the restoration emerged from various segments of society seeking
continuity and national pride.
Key Figures

Renowned individuals, such as Emperor Haile Selassie and Ras Tafari Makonnen, played pivotal
roles in advocating for the restoration.

Challenges and Obstacles

External Interference

Powerful nations and forces attempted to influence or disrupt the restoration process to serve
their own interests.

Internal Divisions

Factionalism and conflicts within Ethiopia posed challenges to the unity and progress of the
restoration movement.

Maintaining Legitimacy

Proving the legitimacy of the restored Solomonic dynasty required navigating historical debates
and establishing widespread acceptance.

Legacy and Impact

Influence on Ethiopian Identity

The restoration contributed significantly to the Ethiopian national identity, shaping cultural and
societal narratives.

Continuing Aspirations

Even after the restoration, the aspiration for preserving and upholding the Solomonic dynasty
remains an integral part of Ethiopian heritage.

Historical Significance

The restored dynasty serves as a symbol of national resilience, history, and cultural heritage for
the Ethiopian people.

Conclusion of Solomonic Restoration

Enduring Symbol
The restoration of the Solomonic dynasty stands as a testament to Ethiopia's rich historical
legacy and its connection to biblical traditions.

National Pride

For Ethiopians, the restoration is more than just a historical event; it represents a source of
immense pride and cultural identity.

A Journey Unfinished

The aspiration for the Solomonic dynasty's restoration continues to shape Ethiopia's path,
inspiring future generations to uphold their noble heritage.

The Zagwe's championing of Christianity and their artistic achievements

notwithstanding, there was much discontent with Lastan rule among the populace in
what is now Eritrea and Tigray and among the Amhara, an increasingly powerful
people who inhabited a region called Amhara to the south of the Zagwe center at
Adefa. About 1270, an Amhara noble, Yekuno Amlak, drove out the last Zagwe ruler
and proclaimed himself king. His assumption of power marked yet another stage in
the southward march of what may henceforth be termed the "Christian kingdom of
Ethiopia" and ushered in an era of increased contact with the Levant, the Middle East,
and Europe.

The new dynasty that Yekuno Amlak founded came to be known as the "Solomonic"
dynasty because its scions claimed descent not only from Aksum but also from King
Solomon of ancient Israel. According to traditions that were eventually molded into a
national epic, the lineage of Aksumite kings originated with the offspring of an
alleged union between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, whose domains Ethiopians
have variously identified with parts of Southwest Arabia and/or Aksum.
Consequently, the notion arose that royal legitimacy derived from descent in a line of
Solomonic kings. The Tigray and Amhara, who saw themselves as heirs to Aksum,
denied the Zagwe any share in that heritage and viewed the Zagwe as usurpers.
Yekuno Amlak's accession thus came to be seen as the legitimate "restoration" of the
Solomonic line, even though the Amhara king's northern ancestry was at best
uncertain. Nonetheless, his assumption of the throne brought the Solomonic dynasty
to power, and all subsequent Ethiopian kings traced their legitimacy to him and,
thereby, to Solomon and Sheba.

Under Yekuno Amlak, Amhara became the geographical and political center of the
Christian kingdom. The new king concerned himself with the consolidation of his
control over the northern highlands and with the weakening and, where possible,
destruction of encircling pagan and Muslim states. He enjoyed some of his greatest
success against Ifat, an Islamic sultanate to the southeast of Amhara that posed a
threat to trade routes between Zeila and the central highlands.

Upon his death in 1285, Yekuno Amlak was succeeded by his son, Yagba Siyon
(reigned 1285-94). His reign and the period immediately following were marked by
constant struggles among the sons and grandsons of Yekuno Amlak. This internecine
conflict was resolved sometime around 1300, when it became the rule for all males
tracing descent from Yekuno Amlak (except the reigning emperor and his sons) to be
held in a mountaintop prison that was approachable only on one side and that was
guarded by soldiers under a commandant loyal to the reigning monarch. When that
monarch died, all his sons except his heir were also permanently imprisoned. This
practice was followed with some exceptions until the royal prison was destroyed in
the early sixteenth century. The royal prison was one solution to a problem that would
plague the Solomonic line throughout its history: the conflict over succession among
those who had any claim to royal lineag