Module 1: Fundamentals of Research

Lesson 2:
Characteristics, Strengths,
and Weaknesses of
Quantitative Research

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Lesson 2: Characteristics of Quantitative Research

• Quantitative research is characterized by a set of

distinct features that distinguish it as a systematic and
structured approach to inquiry.
• These characteristics contribute to its reliability,
objectivity, and ability to uncover patterns and
relationships between variables.
• Key attributes of quantitative research include using
numerical data, statistical analysis, deductive
reasoning, and a focus on generalizability.
• By employing rigorous methods and statistical
procedures, quantitative research aims to provide
objective and replicable findings, enhancing our
understanding of phenomena and informing evidence-
based decision-making.

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Lesson 2: Characteristics of Quantitative Research
According to Spalding University (2020), as cited in Ryan Bernido Network (2022):
1. The data is usually gathered using structured
research instruments.
• In quantitative research, structured research
instruments are commonly used to gather data.
These instruments can include surveys,
questionnaires, or experimental protocols that
provide standardized procedures for data
collection.
• For example, in a study exploring student satisfaction with
online learning platforms, researchers may design a
questionnaire with specific Likert-scale questions to collect
structured data on various aspects of the platform's
usability and effectiveness.
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2. The results are based on larger sample sizes
that are representative of the population.
• Quantitative research often involves larger sample
sizes that aim to represent the population being
studied. By including a substantial number of
participants, researchers seek to increase the
generalizability of their findings.
• For instance, when investigating the academic performance of
college students, a researcher might collect data from a
diverse and sizable sample of students across different majors,
years of study, and demographic backgrounds to ensure that
the results are more applicable to the larger student
population.
Lesson 2: Characteristics of Quantitative Research
According to Spalding University (2020), as cited in Ryan Bernido Network (2022):
3. Given its high reliability, the research study can
usually be replicated or repeated.
• The replicability of quantitative research is a
crucial characteristic that enhances its reliability.
Given its structured nature, other researchers can
replicate or repeat quantitative studies using the
same or similar methods and procedures.
• This allows for the verification of results and the
establishment of greater confidence in the findings.
• For instance, if a study examines the impact of a specific
teaching method on student achievement, another researcher
can replicate the study by implementing the same teaching
method with a new group of students to determine if similar
results are obtained.
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4. The researcher has a clearly defined research
question to which objective answers are sought.
• In quantitative research, the researcher typically
begins with a clearly defined research question
that seeks objective answers.
• The research question guides the entire study,
influencing the choice of variables, data collection
methods, and data analysis techniques.
• For example, a researcher might have the research question:
"Does sleep duration affect academic performance in high
school students?" This question provides a specific focus and
direction for the study, facilitating the formulation of
hypotheses and the subsequent investigation.
Lesson 2: Characteristics of Quantitative Research
According to Spalding University (2020), as cited in Ryan Bernido Network (2022):
5. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics,
often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other
non-textual forms.
• Quantitative research primarily deals with data in
the form of numbers and statistics. The collected
data are often organized and presented in tables,
charts, figures, or other non-textual forms for
easier analysis and comprehension.
• For instance, a study examining the relationship
between studying hours and exam scores may present
the data in a bar graph, visually demonstrating the
trends and patterns between the two variables.
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6. The project can be used to generalize concepts
more widely, predict future results, or
investigate causal relationships.
• Quantitative research aims to generalize concepts
more widely, predict future results, or investigate
causal relationships. By collecting and analyzing
numerical data, researchers can identify patterns
and trends that can inform broader implications
beyond the specific sample studied.
• For example, a study investigating the impact of parental
involvement on students' academic achievement may use
quantitative methods to establish a correlation between the
two variables and make predictions about how increasing
parental involvement may positively influence academic
outcomes for a larger population of students.
Lesson 2: Characteristics of Quantitative Research

According to Spalding University (2020), as cited in Ryan Bernido Network (2022):

7. Researchers use tools like questionnaires or

computer software to collect numerical data.
• Quantitative researchers employ various tools, such as
questionnaires or computer software, to collect
numerical data efficiently and effectively. These tools
allow for standardized data collection and often
provide statistical analysis capabilities.

• For instance, a researcher studying the dietary habits of college

students may use an online survey tool to administer a
questionnaire that collects data on the frequency and types of foods
consumed. The collected responses can then be exported to
statistical software for analysis and interpretation.

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Lesson 2: Strengths and Weaknesses of
a Quantitative Research

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
1. The researcher may replicate or repeat the study in 1. The research cannot provide in-depth information for
other contexts for validation. describing and explaining a phenomenon.

2. The findings are generalizable to a large population.

2. The research cannot provide a comprehensive textual
description of human experience.
3. The process of gathering the data is generally less 3. Responses of participants are strictly limited to what
demanding. has been asked.
4. The researcher can use software for easier data 4. The study design is inflexible due to the rigidity and
analysis. robustness of the instrumentation.
5. The validity and reliability of the results can be 5. Self-reported data may be inaccurate due to
measured, which will lessen the degree of subjectivity. overestimating or underestimating their skills during the
assessment.

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Lesson 2: Characteristics, Strengths, and Weaknesses of
Quantitative Research

End of Lesson 2.
Thank You!
Mapúa Malayan Colleges Mindanao

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