Hacemos Ciencia,

Yachay Tech
 Evaporation

Prof. Carlos Loyo

E-mail: cloyo@yachaytech.edu.cl
What do you think that
Evaporation Process is?
 Evaporation
• A special case of heat transfer to a
boiling liquid occurs so often that it is
considered an individual operation:
“evaporation”
• Objective: to concentrate a solution
consisting of a nonvolatile solute and a
volatile solvent (water).
• Evaporation is conducted by vaporizing a
portion of the solvent to produce a
concentrated solution of thick liquor.
 What other processes
involve heat transfer to
boiling?
 Evaporation
• Evaporation differs from drying in that the
residue is a liquid-sometimes a highly
viscous one-rather than a solid.
• It differs from distillation in that the vapor
usually is a single component (no attempt
is made in the evaporation step to
separate the vapor into fractions)
• it differs from crystaIlization in that
emphasis is placed on concentrating a
solution rather than forming and building
crystals.
Task: Draw a diagram showing the difference between evaporation, drying,
distillation and crystallization.
 Evaporation
• Normally, in evaporation the thick liquor is the valuable
product, and the vapor is condensed and discarded. In one
specific situation, however, the reverse is true.

This technique is often

called water distillation,
but technically it is
evaporation
 Equipment
An evaporator consists of a heat
exchanger enclosed in a large
chamber; a noncontact heat
exchanger provides the means to
transfer heat from low-pressure
steam to the product. The product
inside the evaporation chamber is
kept under vacuum.
 Equipment
The presence of vacuum causes the
temperature difference between
steam and the product to increase,
and the product boils at relatively low
temperatures. The vapors produced
are conveyed through a condenser to
a vacuum system. The steam
condenses inside the heat exchanger
and the condensate is discarded.
 Evaporation
LIQUID CHARACTERISTICS:
• Concentration and olubility
• Foaming
• Temperature sensitivity
• Materials of construction
• Other: specific heat, heat of
concentration, freezing point, gas
liberation on boiling, toxicity,
explosion hazards, radioactivity,
and necessity for sterile
operation.
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
¡GRACIAS!