FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. ___

UNIT 5- ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND PROTECTION

MODULE OVERVIEW

This topic discusses the nature, types, sources and effects of air pollution. It gives the general status of
air pollution in the country, and summarizes the salient features of the Clean Air Act and suggest ways by
which to prevent pollution.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, the students are expected to:

• Gain and verbalize concepts, principles and importance of Environmental Education;
• Formulate action plan that shall address environmental concerns; and
• Value the importance of Environment Education as a way of developing the youth to be a good
citizen.

LEARNING CONTENTS

• Stationary sources of air pollutants are factories, crematoriums, incinerators, power plants, garbage
dumps, and construction sites.
• Accumulation in the atmosphere of gases from industrial solvents such as nitrous oxides and carbon
tetrachlorides and carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have possible effects
on climate and human health.
• Anthropogenic sources of air pollution have been increasing vehicles that ply the road of Metro Manila
are small belchers. Among the different air pollutants, six “criteria” pollutants such as ozone, carbon
monoxide, lead, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulates determine air quality standards.
1. OZONE
- It is the major ingredient in smog. It is formed by a series of complex reactions involving nitrogen
oxides, volatile organic compounds and sunlight.
- Smog or ground level ozone may cause lung inflammation, decreased ability to breathe and
susceptibility to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis, fibrosis, and premature lung
aging.
2. CARBON MONOXIDE
- It is a toxic, odorless, colorless gas produced during fossil fuel or biomass burning. Its exposure
can block oxygen to the brain and cause poor concentration, fatigue, and death.
3. LEAD
- It is one of the most toxic substances. Lead in the gasoline remain by far the single largest source
of lead exposure in urban areas and poses the greatest threat to the public.
- A special hazard for young children, several studies have shown that lead exposure can
significantly reduce the IQ of the school-age children. It has also been associated with
aggressive behavior, delinquency, and attention disease in boy, between 7-11 years of age.
- In adults, lead exposure has been related to increased blood pressure and hypertension.
4. SULFUR DIOXIDE
- It is a gas. It is invisible and has a nasty, sharp smell. It reacts easily with other substances to
form harmful compounds, such as sulphuric acid, sulfurous acid and sulfate particles.
- About 99% of the sulfur dioxide in air comes from human sources. The main source of sulfur
dioxide in the air is industrial activity that processes materials that contain sulfur, eg. the
generation of electricity from coal, oil or gas that contain sulfur.
- Sulfur dioxide affects human health when it is breathed in. it irritates the nose, throat, and airways
to cause coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a tight feeling around the chest.
5. NITROGEN OXIDE
- This are gases produces from high temperature combustion in the air. It can cause respiratory
ailments like asthma and eye irritation. They are also an active ingredient in the formulation of
smog.
6. PARTICULATES
- Also called soots, are minute, microscopic particles suspended in the air.
- They are so small that they can enter deepest regions of the lungs where they can enter the

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

bloodstream or become trapped in the lung tissue.

- Continuous exposure to particulates can induce wheezing, chest pain, coughing and phlegm, as
well as more severe diseases like pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and
cardiovascular disease.
Sources of Air Pollution
1. Mobile Sources
- There are 3.9 million vehicles registered in the whole country. Around 80% use gasoline and
30% use diesel. Only a small percentage of Filipinos own cars, 20% in Metro Manila. The rest
take public transportation.
2. Stationary Sources
- Stationary sources that account for most of the air pollution are emissions from power plants,
cement plants, and oil refineries.
Effects of Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels
• Sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and soot irritate the mucous membranes of the
respiratory system. If irritation is prolonged, it can lead to respiratory disease – persistent cough,
emphysema, asthma, and other allergies, and worst, cancer.
• Carbon monoxide is hazardous because it bonds strongly with haemoglobin of the blood, replacing
oxygen. As a result, the tissues and organs of the body are deprived of the vital gas, oxygen.
• Ozone causes a range of acute effects including eyes, nose, and throat irritation. It also impairs our
respiratory functions.
• Another by-product of combustion of carbonaceous fuels is carbon dioxide. It does not directly harm
people or other organisms and is thus not a pollutant in the usual sense of the world. However, too
much of it in the atmosphere destroys ecological balance.
• Another group of substances that must be regulated is what is collectively known as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are unreactive for mattresses, styrofoam, and insulation.
• A group of substances that are common in our everyday lives but are extremely toxic are known as
persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These are either human-made substances or products of
combustion or other processes undergone by human-made products.
The Clean Air Act of 1999
1. Principles which state the over-all mandate of all State
2. Recognition of rights of citizens which the State shall guarantee
3. The noteworthy features of the Air Quality Management Systems are the provisions regarding
airsheds and non-attainment areas.
4. The Act gives an initial list of hazardous air pollutant and guidelines for ambient air quality
5. Prohibition and regulation of other substances

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Written Activity:
Prepare two (2) slogans about the clean air act campaign of the government.

REFERENCES

1. Republic Act 9163 NSTP Act of 2001

2. CHED Minimum Standards for the National Service Training Program Common
Specific Modules. April 11, 2011
3. Department of Education, Culture and Sports 1998. The DECS Values Education
Framework. DECS Manila
4. Florida C. Labuguen, Alexander I. Ramos, Remedios B. Placer, John F. Vidal, Ricky
Prisco E. Morale, Eden V. Renderio. Understanding the National Service Training
Program
5. Gonzales, Vivian A. 1987. Values Integration and Promotion. A Civic Welfare
Service. Los Banos, Laguna
6. Onganisa, V. 2014. STET-VIP NSTP. Study Guide and Workbook. Revised Edition
2014.
7. Republic Act 9163 ( NSTP Law)

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

8. Sundaypan, Constantino Jr. 2010 Edition. Civic Welfare Training Service.

Instructional Manual.
9. Viray, Firma et.al. NSTP Common Module 2012. Mutya
10. Covey, Stephen R, 1990 Principle Centered Leadership. Simon and Chester New
York.
11. Estanislao, Jesus P. 1995 The Foundation for People. Southeast Asian Science
foundation
12. Sudaypan Sr. Constantino T Civic Welfare Training Service. Instructional Manual
(2010 Edition).
13. Williams, Chuck. 2011 Management . Cengage Learning 6th Edition
14. Abletez, Jose P. Handbook on Disaster Management and Environmental Care.
15. Adger, Neil W. 2006. Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change.Amadore, L. 2005.
Crisis or Opportunity: Climate Change Impacts and the Philippines. Greenpeace
Southeast Asia.
16. Bederio, Concepcion et. Al. Philippine Government and Constitution. 2004 Trinitos
Publishing.
17. Cabag, Ramon C. 1999. Nonformal Education. A Handbook for Teacher Education
Students, NFE Administrators, and Extension Program Implementors. Quezon
Avenue, Quezon City.
18. Casis, R. J. 2008. The Climate Change Crisis: Global Legal Framework, Policy
Initiatives and the Philippine Response, Philippine Climate Change Policy: Mitigation
and Adaptation Measures. Experts Dialogue, University of the Philippines Law Center,
U.P.Diliman.
19. Chauhan, Anita M. 2003. NSTP Source book on Self-Awareness and Leadership
Training. Cabanatuan City.
20. Coquia, Jorge. Human Rights and Introductory Course Dangerous Drugs Board (2000).
Republic Act 9165 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. National Government
Center, Pinyahan, Quezon City.
21. Covey, Stephen R. 1990. Principle Centered Leadership. Simon and Chester: New
York.
22. Covey, S.R. 1997. The Seven Habits of Highly Effectively People. Simon and Chuster:
New York.
23. Department of Education, Culture and Sports. 1988. The DECS Values Education
Framework. DECS: Manila
24. Department of Education. 2000. The Nonformal Education. DepEd. Manila.
25. Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environment Management
Bureau. 2003. The Air We Breath (RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999):
An Advocacy Material on Environmental Management and Pollution Control.
26. Evidente, M. 2008. A Philippine Response to Climate Change: Possible Strategies for
Mitigation and Adaptation, Philippine Climate Change Policy: Mitigation and
Adaptation Measures. Experts Dialogue, University of the Philippines Law Center, U.P.
Diliman.
27. Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (RA 8491 s. 1998)Flavier,D. et.al. 2001.
Climate Change and Public Health in the Philippines. Disturbing Climate. Manila
Observatory.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

28. Florida C. Labuguen, Ed.D., Alexander I. Ramos, M.P.A., Remedios B. Placer, M.A.,
Carmelo John E. Vidal, D.A., Ricky Prisco E. Moralde, M.A., Eden V. Rendorio,
M.P.A. 2012. Understanding the National Service Training Program.
29. Gonzales, Vivian A. 1987. Values Integration and Promotion. A Civic Wefare Service.
Los, Banos, Laguna.
30. Good Citizenship Movement – EPPC Institution Building Team. 2004. Modules on
Good Citizenship Values. Office of the President, EDSA People Power Comission,
Manila.
31. La Viña, A. 2008. Addressing Climate Change in the Philippines: An Integrated
Adaptation-Mitigation Approach, Philippine Climate Change Policy: Mitigation and
Adaptation Measures. Experts Dialogue, University of the Philippines Law Center, U.P.
Diliman.
32. Leoneon, Hector De. 2003. Text Book on the Philippine Constitution. Rex Publishing
Company Inc., Quezon City.
33. Leonen, M. V. F. 2008. The Limits of Law and Policy, Philippine Climate Change
Policy: Mitigation and Adaptation Measures. Experts Dialogue, University of the
Philippines Law Center, U.P. Diliman.
34. Merilo, M. G. A. 2008. Philippine Initiatives on Climate Change, Philippine Climate
Change Policy: Mitigation and Adaptation Measures. Experts Dialogue, University of
the Philippines Law Center, U.P. Diliman.
35. Mosher, Charles. 1984. Emergency First Aid. Beekman House, New York.
36. Panopio, Isabel S. and Realidad S. Rolda. 2000. Society and Culture. Introduction t
37. Sociology and Anthropology. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
38. Philippine Constitution Commonwealth Act No. 1 of 1935, Presidential Decree No.
1706, EO 207 s. of 1939.
39. RA 7707
40. RA 9163 and its IRR.
41. RA 9165 (The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act)
42. The 1987 Philippine Constitution annotated by de Leon, Hector
43. Saure, Fred. 1987 Drug Abuse. A paper presented during the Benguet Kabataang
Barangay Leadership Training, 11-15 February 1987. Regional Training Center for
Rural Development, La Trinidad, Benguet.
44. St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade. St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association.
The British Red Cross Society. 1992 London
45. Sudaypan, Constantino Jr. T. 2010 Edition. Civic Welfare Training Service.
Instructional Manual.
46. _________________. Fundamentals of Leadership. A paper presented during the
Supreme Student Council – Leadership Training Seminar, 10-11 October 2003.
Cordillera Career Development College, La Trinidad, Benguet, 2003.
47. Viray, Firma et. Al NSTP Common Module. 2011 Mutya Publishing.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4