EAL2601 Assessment 02

Alternative Energy Design of Health Care for underdeveloped
regions.
STUDENT NAME: Nkosikhona Cingo

STUDENT NUMBER: 10551190
CONTENTS
Alternative Energy Design of a Rural Hospital ...................................................................... 1
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 4
2 Literature Review ................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Theory on Low Voltage installation............................................................................... 6
3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 7
4. Results ...................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Calculations on Voltage Drops ..................................................................................... 10
4.2 Calculations of Required Power .................................................................................. 11
4.3 Calculations of Power Ratings of Components ....................................................... 11
5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 12
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 13
Abstract
This Report is a technical outline and pre planning towards rural health facility
Energy design consideration. The background concerning power demand and
distribution is analysed in this matter. and international standards are
presented. Experience of international development organizations are widely
elaborated; main conductive factors of PV supply are outlined, and lessons
learned from fields are concluded with and towards enhancing PV systems.
sustainability for rural health facilities.
The Main objectives are but not limited to.
o The walking range to access health care facility.

o Lack of economical privilege and affordability for public commutation
fare.
o Poor sanitation, and misuse of fertilisation chemicals during agricultural
activities (Crops), which time to time results in some disease.
The propriate energy deployment PV production for Health facilities to such

communities would be the best solution to health concerns. and a standby
Emergency transportation on standby for very critical case to those who can’t
access the clinics immediately.
1 Introduction
South Africa nation remains one of the leading nations in terms of unstable
power utilities, leaving the basic human needs at various rank of classes
suffering this from this surge[1], whereby the number of demand is climbing
daily as a result of expansion in population and growing industries that sustains
a living for employment abroad [2]. Nonetheless, another crisis is a poor service
delivery tending to least prioritise the rural community which is contrary of
equality for all citizens. Particularly, the operation of health facility goes hand in
and with energy supply[3], that further extends a tall In telecommunication
systems. Additionally, for the provision of water, energy is frequently required
for pumping and heating. Furthermore, with electrification health facilities need
thermal energy for cooking, heating and sterilization.
The aim of this project is to design an electrical infrastructure for a new medical
facility to be built in a rural area. The designer of this project will therefore
assure effectiveness and efficient operation of power for a reasonable period in
favour to the receiving end technically and documentation.
The health professionals are also facing challenges during absence of power
including but not limited to such things as; Telecommunication, adequate
medicine storage and other technological apparatus involved in conducting
some basic health care practices. Apart from certain coolant loving medicines
even most specimens like blood require uninterrupted power supply for they
might lose their content when exposed to overrated heat for longer period.
Without proper electric lighting, most medical treatments can only be
conducted at daytime, while emergency surgeries at night may only be
illuminated by dim kerosene lamps or torches.
The demand is mostly met by direct combustion of fuels like kerosene, diesel,
biomass or gas. The widespread use of fossil fuels like kerosene for lighting or
diesel for power generation, as well as biomass in inefficient cook stoves cause
additional risk to staff, patients and the environment due to emission of
particulate matter, black carbon and CO2 and fire hazards. Selecting appropriate
sources of reliable and sustainable energy as well as introducing measures for
efficient energy consumption can help mitigate some of the challenges inherent
in operating a health facility in the developing world [1].
1.1 Objectives
This project is seeking to propose an alternative energy design suitable
and reliable to serve a consistence supply for Health Care facility located
at underdeveloped area. The project has the following objectives:
➢ Reliability
Classifications and requirements will be used to establish the design reliability

requirements. An alternative comparison assessment will be developed to
evaluate the reliability choices. Alternative power system may be authorized but
are limited to serving certain essential loads for critical hospital and other special
facilities. We shall consider the location and space for essential electrical system
equipment in order to limit interruptions caused by localized.
natural conditions such as floods and earthquakes as well as human malevolent
interventions (vandalism). Essential systems will be designed to function after
seismic events occur. Non-essential systems may be inoperable, but components
will be constrained to avoid personnel injury or damage to other building
components.
➢ Durability
Installed electrical systems and electrical equipment will have a minimum rating
for continuous full design load, except where other criteria mandate greater to
meet the reliability requirements for the design life of the facility. However, the
proper care for operational, careful handling and accessing to the installation
system would then be in accordance with all stakeholder’s adequate agreement
mainly the trained personals onsite in accordance with labour acts of SA.
➢ Safety and Security

The technology in number of components to be utilized are mostly composed of
safety aspects for equipment/system and the human interactions. Nonetheless,
post installation awareness and training programs is part of most project culture
jointly agreed on upon all parties. For alteration/tempering of equipment and
vandalism will obey in accordance with SANS-regulations or any other standards
forming part on a play, however security will be mandated by the facility officials
during and after project form theft and vandalism.
2 Literature Review
Renewable energy from sun and wind is an abundant and ubiquitous resource
as termed hybrid system. Although capable of providing plentiful and reliable
electricity, these resources are largely untapped. Reliable electricity produced
on site has proven capable of delivering high quality electricity for vaccine
refrigeration, lighting, communication, medical appliances, clean water
supplies, and sanitation. It can also improve management, logistics, and
distribution of information, education, and communication. In locations where
it is difficult to keep trained medical staff in the field, reliable electricity can
provide highly valued life-style amenities such as light, music, and broadcast
communications. There are successful examples of electrified health clinics that
generate operating income to assist financial self-support.
2.1 Theory on Low Voltage installation
Voltage regulation is usually not a problem. Voltage drops for excessively long
runs at low voltage should be checked to ensure correct load voltage. In rotating
loads, checks should be made both on steady-state voltage regulation and
during starting. As in any installation, there should be protection against thermal
effect of overcurrent causing any danger. Short-circuit current depends on solar
irradiance, but it may be lower than the trip value of overcurrent protection.
Although this is not an issue for cables as the current is within current carrying
capacity, the inverter will detect a voltage drop and stop producing power. It is
therefore recommended to disconnect faulty circuits in case of a short circuit.
Where string overcurrent protection is required, each PV string shall be

protected with an overcurrent protection device. The nominal overcurrent
protection (Fuse or Circuit breaker) rating of the string overcurrent protection
device shall be greater than 1.5 times the string short circuit current ISC_MOD
and below 2.4 ISC_MOD. The nominal rated trip current (ITRIP) of overcurrent
protection devices for PV sub-arrays (Fuses or Circuit breaker) shall be greater
than 1.25 times the sub-array short-circuit current ISC_STC_SUB-ARRAY and
below 2.4 ISC_STC_SUB-ARRAY. The selection of overcurrent protection rating
shall be done in order to avoid unexpected trip in normal operation considering
temperature.
3. Methodology
Normal Ambulatory and Clinic Source
All other healthcare facilities will be served by a single-ended substation

distribution system with coordinated surge and fault protection. The primary
service feeder will be designed to carry full demand plus 20 percent spare load
growth capacity.
Transient Protection
Systems that incorporate solid-state devices are susceptible to electrical system

transients that can cause system malfunction or equipment component
damage. Unless specifically required for specific items of equipment by an A&E
(designer) evaluation of solid-state requirements for intensive care areas and
approved for installation, power conditioning equipment will normally not be
installed as part of the building electrical system at the utilization point. Systems
that utilize solid state devices will be provided with transient protection. Static
Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) will normally be provided with the
equipment and system being served. However, requirements or provisions for
UPS will be determined on a project-by-project basis. Provisions for future
installed power conditioning equipment will be determined on a project-by-
project basis.
Grounding
System ground shall be adequate for safety and for reliable operation of
sensitive users and facility equipment. Typically, communications system
equipment used in hospitals requires a five ohms system ground for proper
operation. All grounding systems will be bonded together as required by NFPA
70. And the necessary surge arresting system directing any unwanted quantum
to the earth rods employed in grounding as stipulated by SANS standards.
Figure 1_Wind/PV/Diesel Hybrid system [1]
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

EDB01 EDB01 EDB01 EDB01 EDB01
Fans Ext.Lights Int.Lights01 Int.Lights02 Plugs01

15A-mcb 15A-mcb 10A-mcb 10A-mcb 15A-mcb
Electrical Legend
Description and
SYMBOLS
wattage
600mmx600mm, 3x24W
florescent fittings
Similar but with

emergency battery backup
1200x600mm 2x13W
warehouse Florescent fittings
similar but coupled

with E.battery backup
9W, half recessed above bed
uninterrupted power supply
9W, half recessed above bed

with UPS backup
11W LED, downlight with

Emergency Battery backup
11W led,half recessed D.light

EDB01
Plugs02
15A-mcb
with E.Battery backup
15W Exterior Foglight

coupled to daylight switch
multi-line single pull

switching unit
multi-line two ways switching

unit
walK walK
ways LED-daylight sw control for
ways
exterior fog lights
LED-Emergency EXIT signs
dr.s EDB03 smoke detector

Fans&
room 1 Lights-
Combo
ablusion
male
20A-mcb UPS active line Outlet double

and single sockets
Emergency active Double and

reception single outlet sockets
lobby
Plugs03
90W, 60Inch Ceiling mounted
fixture Fan
DATA point for admin connections,

and communication
dr.s
BREAK GLASS Unit
room 2 EDB04
Stove
Isolator
32A-mcb
ablusion
Female
walK
ways
Kichen
general
care ward critical
care ward
EDB04 EDB04
EDB01 EDB02 EDB02 EDB-03 EDB02 EDB02 EDB-03 EDB02 EDB02 EDB02
Ext.Lights01 EB.Lights01 Lights01 Fans01 Lights02 UPS.L01 Fans02 Lights03 Plugs01 Plugs02 EB.Lights02 EB.Lights03
10A-mcb 10A-mcb 10A-mcb 15A-mcb 5A-mcb 10A-mcb 15A-mcb 15A-mcb 15A-mcb 20A-mcb 10A-mcb 15A-mcb
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-G1
Salient pole generator (4 poles) 400V 2500kVA G
LLLN / TN-S
Un = 400 V
Sn = 2500 kVA
-QF28
CB GENERATOR -U2
Un [V] 400 Vrif = 400 V
LLLN / TN-S LLLN / TN-S
UPS Isc/Ib = 2.0
Ik LLL [kA] 0.0
Ik LN [kA] 0.0
Ik LPE [kA] 0.0
P [kW] -WC5
Q [kvar] CB GENERATOR
-QF17
CB UTILITY
-WC2
CB GENERATOR
-WC1
CB UTILITY
3x 5G1.5
Iz = 31.5 A
dV = 0.13 %
L = 70 m
-B1 -B2 -B3
-QS1 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF -QS5
-QF18 -QF19 -QF20 -QF21 -QF22 -QF23 -QF24 -QF25 -QF26 -QF27 -QF29 -QF31 -QF32 -QF33 -QF34 -QF35 -QF36 -QF37 -QF40 -QF41 -QF42 -QF43 -QF44 -QF45
P01 P02 P03 ISO01 L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L05 PE 01 PE 02 PE 03 PE 04 PE 05 PE 05 LE 01 LE 02 LE 03 LE 05 EuP 01 EuP 02 EuP 03 EuL 01
-WC16 -WC20
-WC6 -WC7 -WC8 -WC9 -WC10 -WC11 -WC12 -WC13 -WC14 -WC15 PE 01 -WC17 -WC18 -WC19 PE 05 -WC21 -WC22 -WC23 -WC24 -WC25 -WC26 -WC27 -WC28 -WC29
P01 P02 P03 ISO01 L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L05 PE 02 PE 03 PE 04 PE 05 LE 01 LE 02 LE 03 LE 05 EuP 01 EuP 02 EuP 03 EuL 01
4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5
L=5m L=5m L=5m L=5m
-L24 -L20
-L3 -L4 -L5 -L6 -L7 -L29 -L28 -L27 -L26 -L25 PE 01 -L23 -L22 -L21 PE 01 -L19 -L18 -L17 -L16 -L15 -L14 -L13 -L12 -L11
P01 P02 P03 ISO01 L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L05 Sn = 2.22 [kVA] PE 02 PE 03 PE 04 Sn = 2.22 [kVA] PE 05 LE 01 LE 02 LE 03 LE 05 EuP 01 EuP 02 EuP 03 EuL 01
Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.78 [kVA] Sn = 3.33 [kVA] Sn = 0.48 [kVA] Sn = 0.64 [kVA] Sn = 0.64 [kVA] Sn = 0.12 [kVA] Sn = 0.03 [kVA] Sn = 0.10 [kVA] Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 0.16 [kVA] Sn = 0.12 [kVA] Sn = 0.13 [kVA] Sn = 0.67 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 0.13 [kVA]
Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 In = 3.2 [A] Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 In = 3.2 [A] Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90
In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 4.0 [A] In = 4.8 [A] In = 0.7 [A] In = 0.9 [A] In = 0.9 [A] In = 0.2 [A] In = 0.0 [A] In = 0.1 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 0.2 [A] In = 0.2 [A] In = 0.2 [A] In = 1.0 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 0.2 [A]
*LOGO_CORNER* Description Customer: LOCATION Drawing number:
Rev. n°1 REV1 Date: DATE NORMAL-AND-STANDBY-DB(W)
Rev. n°2 REV2 Drafter: DRAFTER OGGETTO1 Project: EAL3601 MAINCODE DISEGNO
Rev. n°3 REV3 Design.: DESIGNER OGGETTO2 File: FILE Sheet: Next sheet: Sheets:
REVISIONS Date: Signatures Approval: APPROVAL OGGETTO3 Serial: SERIAL SHEET NSHEET SHEETS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A
-G7
Salient pole generator (4 poles) 400V 600kVA G
LLLN / TN-S
Un = 400 V
Sn = 600 kVA
B
-QF59
UPS CB
C
-WC64
BUS SWITCH 2
4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5
Iz = 16.0 A
dV = 0.03 %
L=5m
D 3
BUS SWITCH 2 -B3 -B4
BUS SWITCH 2
-QS9
-QF60 -QF61 -QF62
EuP01 EuP02 EuL01
E
(*) The circuit-breaker is in discrimination relations with other circuit-breakers
(!) Important notice about coordination to be verified in Discrimination report

(**) The circuit-breaker is in back-up relations with other circuit-breakers
-WC61 -WC62 -WC63
EuP01 EuP02 EuL01
4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5
Iz = 16.0 A Iz = 16.0 A Iz = 16.0 A
dV = -0.01 % dV = -0.01 % dV = -0.01 %
L = 130 m L = 130 m L = 130 m
-L52 -L53 -L54
F EuP01 EuP02 EuL01
Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 0.13 [kVA]
Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90
In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 0.2 [A]
G
*LOGO_CORNER* Description Customer: LOCATION Drawing number:
Rev. n°1 REV1 Date: DATE UPS-DB(W)
*LOGO_CORNER*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A
Un [V] 400
LLLN / TN-S
Ik LLL [kA] 0.0
Ik LN [kA] 0.0
Ik LPE [kA] 0.0 -QF1
B NORMAL CB
P [kW] 4.4
Q [kvar] 2.1
-WC1
NORMAL CB
C 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5
Ib = 7.0 A -B1
Iz = 16.0 A U=378.1 V
dV = 5.50 % IB = 7.0 A
L = 150 m Cosphi = 0.90
Ik max = 0.0 kA
Ik LLL = 0.0 kA
-QF2 -QF3 -QF4 -QF5 -QF6
P01 P02 S 274-Z 0,5 S 274-Z 0,5 S 274-Z 0,5
L01 L02 LE01
D
-WC2 -WC3 -WC4 -WC5 -WC6
P01 P02 L01 L02 LE01
4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5 4x(1x1.5)+1G1.5
Ib = 3.2 A Ib = 3.2 A Ib = 0.2 A Ib = 0.1 A Ib = 0.2 A
Iz = 16.0 A Iz = 16.0 A Iz = 16.0 A Iz = 16.0 A Iz = 16.0 A
dV = 2.14 % dV = 2.14 % dV = 0.16 % dV = 0.11 % dV = 0.16 %
L = 130 m L = 130 m L = 150 m L = 150 m L = 150 m
-L1 -L2 -L3 -L4 -L5
E P01 P02 L01 L02 LE01
Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 2.22 [kVA] Sn = 0.14 [kVA] Sn = 0.10 [kVA] Sn = 0.14 [kVA]
Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90 Cosphi (nominal) = 0.90
In = 3.2 [A] In = 3.2 [A] In = 0.2 [A] In = 0.1 [A] In = 0.2 [A]
(*) The circuit-breaker is in discrimination relations with other circuit-breakers
(!) Important notice about coordination to be verified in Discrimination report

U = 369.7 [V] U = 369.7 [V] U = 377.5 [V] U = 377.7 [V] U = 377.5 [V]
dU = 7.58 % dU = 7.58 % dU = 5.62 % dU = 5.58 % dU = 5.62 %
(**) The circuit-breaker is in back-up relations with other circuit-breakers

P = 2.00 [kW] P = 2.00 [kW] P = 0.13 [kW] P = 0.09 [kW] P = 0.13 [kW]
Q = 0.97 [kvar] Q = 0.97 [kvar] Q = 0.06 [kvar] Q = 0.04 [kvar] Q = 0.06 [kvar]
F
G
*LOGO_CORNER* Description Customer: DB-NORMAL(WH) LOCATION Drawing number:
Rev. n°1 REV1 Date: DATE
*LOGO_CORNER*
4. RESULTS
4.1 Voltage drops calculations.
Load CalculationsEDB-1
Circuit number Watt per circuitry quantity Total watts
Plugs01- EDB01 500 3 1500
Plugs02- EDB01 500 3 1500
Plugs03- EDB01 500 3 1500
Plugs01- EDB02 500 4 2000
Plugs02- EDB02 500 4 2000
Plugs03- EDB02 500 4 2000
Plugs04- EDB02EB 500 4 2000
Plugs05- EDB02EB 500 4 2000
Plugs06- EDB02EB 500 4 2000
Plugs01- EDB03UPS 500 4 2000
Plugs02- EDB03UPS 500 4 2000
Plugs03- SDB04UPS 500 4 2000
Stove-Iso 30A 3000 1 3000
DATA Points 150 3 450
TELL Points 150 1 150
Lights01- EDB01 75 6 450
Lights02- EDB01 75 8 575
Lights03- EDB01 75 8 575
Fans- EDB01 150 4 600
Lights01- EDB02UPS 26 4 104
Lights02- EDB02UPS 20 4 80
Fans- EDB02 150 4 600
Lights01- EDB01 EB 15 6 90
Lights02- EDB02 EB 10 3 30
LED03- EDB02 72 2 144
LED02- EDB02 26 4 104
LED03- EDBO2 15 4 60
Smoke detector 17 8 136
Break Glass 17 8 136
TOATAL LOAD IN WATTS 33000
Load Calculations DB’s
CIRCUIT NUMBER LOAD PER CIRCUIT QUANTITY TOTAL WATTS
All Plugs- EDB01 500 4 2000
All Plugs- EDB02EB 500 4 2000
All Lights- EDB01 26 5 130
All Lights- EDB02 26 5 130
All Lights- EDBO2EB 15 6 90
All Fans- EDB01n02 150 15 2250
SMOKE DETECTOR 17 5 85
BREAK GLASS 17 5 85
TOTAL LOAD IN WATTS 6500
CABLE CALCULATIONS AND VOLTAGE DROPS
Total Load = 6500 (EDB01 and EDB02)
CABLES AND BREAKERS SIZE CALCULATIONS
Incoming Cable size based on total load connected.
𝑃
𝐼𝑐 =
√3𝑣𝑃 𝑓
33000 33000
𝐼𝑐 = =
(1.732𝑋400𝑋0.9) 623.52
= 52.12A
NB: The circuit breaker selected must not exceed 1.3times the protective device nominal current
rating.
𝐼𝑑 = 1.3X52.12 (circuit breaker required)

= 65.56A
THUS: 𝐼𝑑 = 83A (Next closest breaker size)
Therefore: Cable Size = 16 𝑚𝑚2 Table (6.2 SANS 1507-3)
Voltage drops Calculations.
8% = Volt drop
400𝑋8
Vd =
100
= 32V
Starting Current (3Ø) = 3X52.12A

𝐼𝑠 = 156.36A
Volt drop per ampere meter referring from data table = 2.390mV/A
Vd = mV/A X 𝐼𝑠 X L
= 2.390 X 10−3 X 80
= 29.9V
32 = 29.9
%Vd = Vd/400 X 100/1

= 29.9/400 X 100
= 7.47%
%8Vd = 7.47% (withing the tolerance as stipulated)
Short Circuit Protection calculations
𝑆𝑋𝐾
𝐼sc = √𝑡
= 4KA
Thus: 16mm^2 corresponds to CuPVA
2.2 Plugs01 (EDB01-EDB02) LOAD = 2000W (POWER LAYOUT)
CABLE AND BREAKERS SIZE CALCULATIONS
Incoming cable sized based on the connected total load.
𝑃
𝐼𝐶 =
√3𝑉𝑃𝑓
2000
=
√(1.732𝑋0.9𝑋400
2000
=
623.52
𝑰𝑪 = 3.2A
circuit breaker selected must be 1.3 times the Protective device
nominal current ratings.
Id = 1.3x3.2A (circuit breaker required)
Id = 4.16A
Id = 26A (next closest breaker size)
cable size = 2.5 mm2 (Table 6.2 SANS 1507-3)
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS
5% = voltage drop
(400 x5)
Vd = 100
Vd = 20V
starting I = 3x3.2A
starting I = 9.6A
Vd per ampere metre from the table = 15.363mV/A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 15.363x10 x 9.6 x 130
Vd = 19.17V
20 = 19.17V
19.17 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
5%Vd = 4.79% = acceptable voltage drop
SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION CALCULATIONS
12
SxK
Isc =
√t
2.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
K is 115A/mm² for copper conductors, paper insulated.
Isc = 642.9A
2.5 mm2 4 core CuPVA
(DB − W )SHARE SIMILAR LOAD OUTPUT OF 2000W
P01 = P02 = PE01 = PE02 = PE03 = PE04 = PE05 = EuP01 = EuP02 =

EuP03 = EuP04
1.3 P03(DB − W)LOAD = 2500W (POWER LAYOUT)

Incoming cable size based on connected total load
P
Ic = √3VPF
2500
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
2500
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 4A
Id = 1.3x4A (circuit breaker required)
Id = 5.2A
5% = voltage drop
13
(400 x5)
Vd =
100
Vd = 20V
starting I = 3x5.2A
starting I = 15.64A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 15.363x10 x 15.64x 80
Vd = 19.2V
20 = 18.87V
18.87 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
2.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 642.9A
1.4 L01(DB − W) LOAD = 432W (LIGHTING LAYOUT)
14
CABLE & BREAKER SIZE CALCULATIONS
P
Ic = √3VPF
432
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
432
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.7A
Id = 0.9A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 3x0.7A
starting I = 2.1A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
15
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 2.1 x 130
Vd = 6.85V
12 = 6.85V
6.85 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 385.7A
P
Ic = √3VPF
576
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
576
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.9A
16
Id = 1.2A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 3x0.9A
starting I = 2.7A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 2.7 x 130
Vd = 8.8V
12 = 8.8V
8.8 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
17
Isc = 385.7A
1.5 L03(DB − W) LOAD = 576W = L02
P
Ic = √3VPF
104
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
104
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.17A
Id = 0.21A
3% = voltage drop
18
(400 x3)
Vd =
100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 3x0.17A
starting I = 0.51A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.51 x 130
Vd = 1.7V
12 = 1.7V
1.7 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 385.7A
19
P
Ic =
√3VPF
30
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
30
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.05A
Id = 0.06A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.15A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.15 x 130
Vd = 0.62V
20
12 = 0.62V
0.62 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc =
√0.2
Isc = 385.7A
P
Ic = √3VPF
90
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
90
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.14A
Id = 0.18A
21
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.42A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.42 x 130
Vd = 1.4V
12 = 1.4V
1.4 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 385.7A
22
1.9 LE01(DB − W) LOAD = 144W (LIGHTING LAYOUT)
P
Ic = √3VPF
144
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
144
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.23A
Id = 0.3A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 3x0.3A
starting I = 0.9A
23
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.9 x 130
Vd = 2.94V
12 = 2.94V
2.94 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 385.7A
1.10 LE02 (DB − W) LOAD = 104W (LIGHTING LAYOUT)
P
Ic = √3VPF
104
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
104
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.17A
24
Id = 0.22A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.51A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.51 x 130
Vd = 1.7V
12 = 1.7V
1.7 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
25
SxK
Isc =
√t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 385.7A
P
Ic = √3VPF
120
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
120
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.19A
Id = 0.25A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
26
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.57A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.57 x 130
Vd = 1.9V
12 = 1.9V
1.9 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 385.7A
1.12 LE04(DB − W) LOAD = 576W SAME AS L02 (DB-W)
27
P
Ic =
√3VPF
60
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
60
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.1A
Id = 0.13A
5% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 3x0.1A
starting I = 0.3A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.3 x 130
Vd = 0.98V
28
12 = 1.9V
0.98 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
1.5 mm2 x 115

Isc =
√0.2
Isc = 385.7A
1.14 EuL01 (DB − W) LOAD = 120W same as LE03 (DB − W)
2.1 TOTAL LOAD = 4350W (DB − WH)
P
Ic = √3VPF
4350
Ic = (1.732x400X0.9)
43500
Ic =
623.52
Ic = 6.97A
circuit breaker selected must not exceed 1.3 times the Protective device nominal current
ratings.
29
Id = 9.07A
cable size = 4 mm2 (Table 6.2 SANS 1507-3)
8% = voltage drop
(400 x8)
Vd = 100
Vd = 32V
starting I = 20.91A
volt drop per ampere metre from the table = 9.561mV/A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 9.561x10 x 20.91 x 150
Vd = 30V
32 = 30
30 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
%8Vd = 7.5% = acceptable voltage drop
SxK
Isc = √t
4 mm2 x 115
Isc = √0.2
30
Isc = 1.03kA
4 mm2 4 core CuPVA
2.2 P01 (DB − WH) LOAD = 2000W (POWER LAYOUT)
P
Ic = √3VPF
2000
Ic =
(1.732X400X0.9)
2000
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 3.2A
Id = 4.16A
5% = voltage drop
(400 x5)
Vd = 100
Vd = 20V
31
starting I = 3x3.2A
starting I = 9.6A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 15.363x10 x 9.6 x 130
Vd = 19.17V
20 = 19.17V
19.17 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
SxK
Isc = √t
2.5 mm2 x 115

Isc = √0.2
Isc = 642.9A
2.3 P01 (DB − WH) LOAD = 2000W same as P02 (DB −WH)
2.4 L01 LOAD = 130W Incoming cable size based on connected total load
P
Ic = √3VPF
130
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
130
Ic = 623.52
32
Ic = 0.208A
Id = 0.27A
cable size = 1.5 mm2
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.62A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.62X 150
Vd = 2.33V
12 = 2.33V
2.33 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
2.5 L02 LOAD = 90W Incoming cable size based on connected total load
33
P
Ic =
√3VPF
90
Ic = (1.732X400X0.9)
90
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.1A
Id = 0.13A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.39A
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.39X 150
Vd = 1.47V
12 = 1.47V
34
1.47 100
%Vd = x
400 1
2.6 LE01 LOAD = 130W Incoming cable size based on connected total load
P
Ic = √3VPF
130
Ic =
(1.732X400X0.9)
130
Ic = 623.52
Ic = 0.21A
Id = 0.28A
3% = voltage drop
(400 x3)
Vd = 100
Vd = 12V
starting I = 0.89A
35
Vd = mV/A x Is xL
−3
Vd = 25.080x10 x 0.89X 150
Vd = 3.4V
12 = 3.44V
3.4 100
%Vd = 400 x 1
36
4.2 Calculations of Required Power
The total energy requirement of the system (total load)

Total connected load to PV panel system = No. of units × rating of equipment
= 2 × 18 + 2 × 60
= 156 watts
Total watt-hours rating of the system = Total connected load (watts) × Operating hours
= 156 × 6
= 936 watt-hours
Actual power output of a PV panel = Peak power rating × operating factor

= 40 × 0.75
= 30 watt
The power used at the end use is less (due to lower combined efficiency of the system = Actual
Power output of a panel × combined efficiency
= 30 × 0.81
= 24.3 watts (VA)
= 24.3 watts
Energy produced by one 40 Wp panel in a day = Actual power output × 8 hours/day (peak
Equivalent)
= 24.3 × 8
= 194.4 watts-hour
Number of solar panels required to satisfy given estimated daily load: = (Total watt-hour
rating
(Daily load)/ (Daily energy produced by a panel)
=936/194.4
= 4.81
=5
37
4.3 Calculations of Power rating components
Power Storage = Total Load X Backup Time

= 31100W X 4hrs
= 124400W/h
Battery Capacity = Required Battery Storage / Battery Storage (one 150Ah battery stores 1300 Watt)
= 124400W / 1300W
= 96
Inverter Capacity = Load + Load x 20%

= 31100W + 31100 X 20%
= 31100W + 6220W
= 373200W
Solar Panel Capacity = 3 X Battery Capacity

= 3 X 600Ah (clamp meter)
= 1800Watt (1.8kW)
5. CONCLUSION
The power is of a greatest essence for most government organizations globally, foremost
Health facility is found to be the highest priority of all.
Clinically Maternity wards, operating rooms, medical warehouse, laboratories, and theatre
relies on electricity to power the light, refrigerate vaccines and drugs, and to also operate
some life saving medical devices. However, Inability to meet these needs by help of energy
source may put so many lives at risk.
It was discussed earlier in this document about the need and a choice for deployment of
hybrid system of this form. Briefly, in this very project concerning my small town-Lusikisiki
from Eastern Cape this is a form of system that would worth preference over most other
known forms such as.
• Wind turbines generation- Failed because of costs to maintain the turning machinery
and the geographical deficiency that it cannot produce enough power.
• Diesel Generation- this form fails for major reasons of environmental concern
(Emission) especially in health facilities.
Nonetheless, Solar comes from photons of light that hits solar panels within the light’s vicinity.
Interns forming electrons that are extracted from the positive side of the silicon solar cells
that make up the panel. The sun provides more than enough energy to meet the whole world’s
energy needs, and unlike fossil fuels, it won’t run out anytime soon. As a renewable energy
source, the only limitation of solar power is our ability to turn into electricity in an efficient
and cost-effective way.
REFERENCES
[1] C. H. Wong, “Hybrid energy deployment: What to consider

when enabling alternative energy sources at the cell site,” in
2015 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy
Conference (INTELEC), Osaka, Japan: IEEE, Oct. 2015, pp.
1–5. doi: 10.1109/INTLEC.2015.7572285.
[2] S. L. Matondolo and M. T. Kahn, “Optimum Reliability
Integrated WEF Renewable Technology into the Eskom
Distribution Grid, in the Eastern Cape Operating Unit,” in 2023
31st Southern African Universities Power Engineering
Conference (SAUPEC), Johannesburg, South Africa: IEEE,
Jan. 2023, pp. 1–6. doi:
10.1109/SAUPEC57889.2023.10057681.
[3] L. Herbst and J. Lalk, “A review of the policy documents behind
South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power
Producer Procurement Programme: How its hits and misses
impact society,” in 2015 IEEE International Symposium on
Technology and Society (ISTAS), Dublin: IEEE, Nov. 2015, pp.
1–6. doi: 10.1109/ISTAS.2015.7439400.

EAL2601 Assessment 02

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Alternative Energy Design of Health Care for underdeveloped

STUDENT NAME: Nkosikhona Cingo

1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 4

2 Literature Review ................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Theory on Low Voltage installation............................................................................... 6

4.1 Calculations on Voltage Drops ..................................................................................... 10

4.2 Calculations of Required Power .................................................................................. 11

4.3 Calculations of Power Ratings of Components ....................................................... 11

The Main objectives are but not limited to.

o The walking range to access health care facility.

The propriate energy deployment PV production for Health facilities to such

Classifications and requirements will be used to establish the design reliability

➢ Safety and Security

2.1 Theory on Low Voltage installation

Where string overcurrent protection is required, each PV string shall be

Normal Ambulatory and Clinic Source

All other healthcare facilities will be served by a single-ended substation

Systems that incorporate solid-state devices are susceptible to electrical system

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Fans Ext.Lights Int.Lights01 Int.Lights02 Plugs01

Similar but with

similar but coupled

9W, half recessed above bed

11W LED, downlight with

11W led,half recessed D.light

15W Exterior Foglight

multi-line single pull

multi-line two ways switching

LED-Emergency EXIT signs

dr.s EDB03 smoke detector

20A-mcb UPS active line Outlet double

Emergency active Double and

DATA point for admin connections,

(*) The circuit-breaker is in discrimination relations with other circuit-breakers

(!) Important notice about coordination to be verified in Discrimination report

(*) The circuit-breaker is in discrimination relations with other circuit-breakers

(!) Important notice about coordination to be verified in Discrimination report

(**) The circuit-breaker is in back-up relations with other circuit-breakers

4.1 Voltage drops calculations.

CABLE CALCULATIONS AND VOLTAGE DROPS

Total Load = 6500 (EDB01 and EDB02)

CABLES AND BREAKERS SIZE CALCULATIONS

Incoming Cable size based on total load connected.

𝐼𝑑 = 1.3X52.12 (circuit breaker required)

Therefore: Cable Size = 16 𝑚𝑚2 Table (6.2 SANS 1507-3)

Voltage drops Calculations.

Starting Current (3Ø) = 3X52.12A

%Vd = Vd/400 X 100/1

Short Circuit Protection calculations

2.2 Plugs01 (EDB01-EDB02) LOAD = 2000W (POWER LAYOUT)

CABLE AND BREAKERS SIZE CALCULATIONS

Incoming cable sized based on the connected total load.

nominal current ratings.

Id = 1.3x3.2A (circuit breaker required)

Id = 26A (next closest breaker size)

cable size = 2.5 mm2 (Table 6.2 SANS 1507-3)

VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS