Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP)

K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM ● SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT

QUARTER 1 ● HAND OUT 6
LESSON 1: HUMAN SOCIETY
Vocabulary List
Society - It can be traced from the Latin word “socius” which
means companionship or friendship. It is a set of inter-related,
inter-dependent and overlapping social relationships between
and among a group of individuals who are occupying a
particular territory.
Material Culture - It refers to the objects or belongings of a
group of people such as automobiles, stores, and the physical
structures where people worship.
Non-material Culture - It consists of the ideas, attitudes and
beliefs of a society that are by its nature, intangible.
Human society- A group of people who share a common
lifestyle and organization.
Affinity – a kinship relationship created or that which exists
between two people as a result of someone's marriage
Consanguinity – it is the quality of having descended from the
same ancestor.
Descent – it is a system of acknowledged social parentage
which varies from society to society, whereby a person may
claim kinship ties with another.
Lineage – a group of people who share a common descent.

Kinship in Human Society

Kinship refers to the culturally defined relationships between individuals who are commonly thought of as having family ties.
All societies use kinship as a basis for forming social groups and for classifying people.

Kinship connections are in turn based on two categories of bonds: those created by MARRIAGE and those that result from
DESCENT.
 AFFINITY Bond (by marriage)  CONSANGUINITY Bond (by blood)  FICTIVE kinship (social
courtesy)

Degree of Kinship
PRIMARY KINSHIPS
- refers to direct
relations
SECONDARY KINSHIP
- refers to the primary
kins of primary kin
TERTIARY KINSHIP
- refers to the primary
kin of primary kins
primary kin or
secondary kin.
Primary Consanguineal Kinship
- Directly related to each other by birth
Primary Affinal Kinship
- Direct relationship formed as a result of marriage
Secondary Consanguineal Kinship - refers to the
primary consanguineal kin's primary consanguineal kin
Secondary Affinal Kinship - Refers to one's primary
affinal kin's primary kin
Tertiary Consanguineal Kinship - it refers to an
individual's primary consanguineal kin (parents), their
primary kin (parent's parents) and their primary kin
(parent's parent's parents)
Tertiary Affinal Kinship -it refers to primary affinal
kin's primary kin's primary kin or secondary affinal
kin's primary kin or primary affinal kin's secondary kin.
Parents and children, siblings
husband and wife
Example: relationship between grandparents and
grandchildren
Examples: relationships between an individual and all
his/her sisters-in law, brothers-in-law and parents-in-law.
Example: relationship between great grandchildren and
great grandparents, relationship between great grand
uncles and aunts and great grand nieces and nephews.
For example, your brother-in-law is your secondary kin and
his wife or children who are his primary kins become your
tertiary kin.

KINSHIP BY BLOOD KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

UNILINEALITY - A system of determining descent groups in which one
belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is
traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patrilineal) or
exclusively through female ancestors
(matrilineal).
MATRILINEALITY -It is tracing of descent through the female line.
PATRILINEALITY - It is also known as the male line or agnatic kinship, a
common kinship system in which an individual's family membership
derives from and is traced through his or her father's lineage.
BILINEAL DESCENT - A system of family lineage in which the relatives on
the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional
ties or for transfer of property or wealth.
MONOGAMY- A form of relationship in which an individual has only one
partner during his or her lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy).
MARITAL MONOGAMY - refers to marriages of only two people.
SOCIAL MONOGAMY - refers to two partners living together, having sex with
each other and cooperating in acquiring basic resources.
SEXUAL MONOGAMY - refers to two partners remaining sexually exclusive
with each other and having no outside sex.
GENETIC MONOGAMY – refers to sexually monogamous relationships with
genetic evidence of paternity.
POLYGAMY - It involves marriage with more than one spouse.
POLYGYNY – When a man is married to more than one wife at a time.
POLYANDRY – When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time.
GROUP MARRIAGE – A marriage that involves multiple husbands and wives.

Importance of Kinship in Society

1. KINSHIP AND ITS RELATION TO FAMILY, PROPERTY AND LAND – The sons, grandsons and other kin who are related by blood and marriage, have their
economic interests in land.
2. KINSHIP AND MARRIAGE – The rules on marriage are applicable to all the kin of the family.
3. RITUALS – The role and importance of the kin members lies in the degree of close relationships among them.