Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23J32-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-9728-4
IoT-based Web Application for Passenger Travel
Tracking System
M d. Sohaib
Department of ECE
Kalasalingam academy of research and Kalasalingam academy of research and
education
Krishnankoil, India
mdsohaib09433@gmail.com vpmb2aarthi@gmail.com
2023 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) | 979-8-3503-9728-4/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICOEI56765.2023.10125610
G. Govind Shivaji
Department of ECE
Kalasalingam academy of research and Kalasalingam academy of research and
education
Krishnankoil, India
guntigovindshivaji@gmail.com
Abstract— In this work, RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification Device) labels are used to create electronic
transportation tickets for the public transportation system.
Transport systems with cutting-edge innovations like RFID, IoT,
and GPS will eventually gain popularity due to their advantages
of greater comfort and higher ethical standards as compared to
traditional transport systems or paper ticketing systems. In the
proposed approach, the passenger is automatically identified by
using their RFID card, an d the fare according to the distance
travelled by the passenger is automatically subtracted from the
RFID card. GPS and RFID tags are used to increase the
precision of fare calculation and passenger identification. The
RFID system can replace conventional paper-based tickets since
they are better because they are reusable and offer improved
accuracy. This eliminates the outdated paper-based bus booking
system and guards against money laundering and corruption.
RFID tags are used as reusable tickets that cal culate the fee
based on the user's GPS -measured distance travelled. By using
this system, human errors and effort are reduced.
Keywords— Radio Frequency Identification Card Reader,
Passenger tran sport system, RFID Tags, Global Positioning System
Receiver, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Module.
I. INT RODUCT ION
Smart Metropolises need better transport services. A
region's growth development is accelerated by the effective
movement of people, goods, and services. Any society must
have a well-organized and managed transportation network
[1]. The t ransportation network of a megacity is essential to its
effective operation. For those who live in met ropolitan
regions, life co mes to a co mplete stop when there are no
effective co mmute options. In contemporary high-tech
metropolises, a good transportation system and channel
operation establish a high standard of living. A megacity’s
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Aarthi. V.P.M .B. M . Naga Laxmi
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Kalasalingam academy of research and
education education
Krishnankoil, India Krishnankoil, India
nagalakshmimatturthi@gmail.com
T. Arun Kumar M . Ramesh
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Kalasalingam academy of research and
education education
Krishnankoil, India Krishnankoil, India
aruntalari11@gmail.com mrameshme@gmail.com
transportation system is pivotal to its effective operation.
When there are no practical co mmute options, life for
individuals who live in civic areas fully stops [2]. A good
transportation structure and channel operation produce a high
position of living in Ultramodern h igh-tech metropolises.
According to request reports, the smart transportation member
will experience periodic growth of 25.1 during the coming
five times. By 2021, it 's anticipated to grow fro m USD 72.05
billion in 2016 to USD 220.76 b illion [3]. In smart
metropolises, the need for public security and safety, and
government measures to upgrade the current transportation
Structure are the main motorists of this growth. The purpose
of the service is to encourage individuals to take public
transportation. It helps to guarantee the safety of those using
public transportation. The integration of the transportation
system saves guests time by barring the need to buy tickets for
colourful types of transportation. They can admit one chow
card and make a single electronic pay ment for motorcars,
metros, trains, and other transportation. The card can be
reloaded online, offline, or at retail locales or conveyance
capitals [4]. Systems for s mart transportation and
mu ltitudinous wireless communication results have been
suggested. Within ITS, radio modem communication is
constantly employed for both short- and long-range
communicat ion on UHF and VHF frequencies. There's a trend
toward smaller, mo re important co mputer processors on auto
as a result of recent advancements in auto motive electronics.
Beginning in the early 2000s, the current trends involve
smaller, mo re expensive CPU modules that operate on tackle
memo ry and real-t ime operating systems [5]. A rtificial
intelligence, ubiquitous computing, and model-grounded
process control are just a few of the more sophisticated
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 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23J32-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-9728-4
software activit ies that may be imposed on the newly
established system platforms [6]. In vehicle satellite
navigation and GPS (g lobal positioning system) systems with
two-way co mmun ication with a co mmercial data source are
being installed in an increasing number of vehicles. To
calculate vehicle pets, these vehicles' position measures are
used. ultramodern ways might rather calcu late on smartpho ne-
grounded results employing so called Telemat ics 2.0 ways
rather than technical tackle. For these new mobility models to
be successful, mate operation chops and high monetization
dexterity are needed [7]. Earnings can be d ivided fleet ly and
fluently using customizable agreements and billing platforms,
which also improves customer satisfaction. druggies can admit
advanced service as well as abatements, fidelity points, and
Impulses, as well as be laboriously engaged through direct
marketing [8].
The service's goal is to promote the usage of public
transportation by individuals. By effectively automat ing,
planning, and managing public transportation with the use of
real-t ime data analysis of various routes, the goal can be
accomplished. The data aids in understanding vehicle
schedules and provides operators and dispatchers with quick
responses during deviation, delay, or other emergency events.
Additionally, it aids in maintain ing the safety of passengers
using public transportation [9].
The technologies utilised in intelligent transportation
systems range from basic management systems such as GPS
enabled cars, traffic signal control systems, or speed cameras
to monitoring applicat ions such as security CCTV systems
and automatic incident detection or halted vehicle detection
systems [10]. In our country, there are frequent problems with
the buses that are related to the t icket ing procedure. The bus
conductor will hand out tickets to every passenger. According
to the headcount and the amount given, the conductor should
allocate the ticket to the passengers. It will take a lot of
additional paper to print the tickets, and using a portable
mach ine also creates a lot of p roblems. The traveller also
needs to bring the right amount of money. The conductor
ought to have the appropriate change when a traveller doesn't
have the required sum. So met imes conductors don't give
passengers the correct change [11–12]. For examp le, a ticket
fro m Salem to Coimbatore costs just 49 rupees, but really the
traveller on that bus instead gives the conductor 50 rupees.
After then, the driver must give the passenger one rupee.
Many conductors fail to give passengers the correct change,
however, some do. RFID is used in modern technologies to
overcome these problems. The RFID reader will ext ract
informat ion about the passenger fro m the RFID tag. The
relevant sum is deducted fro m the passenger using the RFID
tag. To resolve this issue of the paper ticketing system for
passengers who travel regularly many wo rks co me into
consideration like tracking the distance of the passengers as
well as the RFID-based authentications which will act as a
pass for the vehicle and soon [13–14].
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II. PROPOSED SYST EM
Th is work calls for co mputerized ticketing for the public
transit system. RFID (Rad io Frequency Identification Device)
labels will be present. Transportation systems equipped with
modern innovations like RFID, IoT, and GPS will eventually
become mo re popular due to their advantages over
conventional transport methods, such as improved comfort
and higher living standards. The suggested architecture calls
for automatic passenger identification and automatic charge
deduction based on distance travelled. To improve the
accuracy of fee calculat ion and passenger identification, RFID
tags and GPS are employed. The RFID system can replace
conventional paper-based tickets since it is more accurate and
superior because it allows for mu lt iple uses. By doing this,
cheating and financial fraud are avoided as well as the
outdated paper-based car ticketing system. Reusable tickets
made o f RFID tags use GPS technology to calculate the cost
based on the distance the user travels. Human mistakes and
efforts are reduced with this method. This system gives
the passenger very accurate results upon their travel and made
them feel free to travel in a public transport system. The
system automatically tracks and calculates the passenger’s
travel distance, and it additionally shows the base price.
 Objectives
Designing a model of a travel system for passengers while
they are traveling.
Th is work is a fu lly automated and convenient system of
ticketing which can be reliable for passengers who travel
regularly. The s mart cards used here are reusable and more
practical than the paper-based ticketing system; they serve as
universal traveling smart cards that let the passenger travel on
any route. Internet and GPS service are both included, and
they were both utilized to calculate a passenger's fare and
measure the distance a passenger travelled.
GPS doesn’t require internet connectivity so it can be trusted
by the passengers even if there is no internet connectivity in
their locations.
Design an application in which passengers can track the
distance and the amount for it.
There is no confusion for the passengers who are paying
their amount with the smart card itself because it only cancels
the crystal fare price. A Universal Seria l Bus (USB) MODEM
was used to construct and access the traveller’s database
online. A powerfu l co mputer algorith m could make the
system broadcast real-time position data over the internet.
This system can be viewed as an IoT-based system. For
increased safety, this approach is also applied to other types of
transportation, such as the transportation of schoolchildren. To
supply the most reliable Prepaid Smart Card for travellers.
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 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23J32-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-9728-4

While entering a vehicle a passenger or a commuter has to

first initiate with WIFI Module by login then he has to scan
their RFID Card to the RFID reader if reader access the card
correctly then the credentials are correct and good to enter
into a vehicle when the passenger board into a vehicle by
scanning their card at that point of location it tracks the exact
location of the passenger it will display in the OLED panel as
well, At the point of Exit also they have to re-scan the card
which tracks the exit location of the passenger and system
calculates the distance and fare price for the distance he/she
travelled and display everything in the OLED panel of the
system as well as it sends all the information regarding
distance, time, date, and the fare price to the web applications
through Wi-Fi module ESP8266 so that the passenger can
track his/her journey.
Figure 1. Block diagram
• MSP430g2553 Microcontroller: The MSP430G2553
The block diagram consists of two phases one is the range of ult ra-low-power mixed signal microcontrollers
physical layer which is nothing but a hardware representation features up to 24 capacitive touch-enabled I/O pins, built-
layer and the other one is an application layer. The physical in 16-bit timers, a flexib le analog co mparator. The
layer consists of all the hardware parts like MSP430g 2553 MSP430 can be used by embedded devices with low
Microcontroller, NODEM CU WIFI module OLED Display, power needs. The device may draw less than 1 A of
RFID Reader, and RFID Card, GPS Module. All the hardware current while it is not in use. It has a 25 MHz maximu m
parts are connected to each other. In this layer RFID Reader, speed. A comp lete system of this proposed system works
nothing but a smart card reader is connected to a WIFI under this microcontroller only it tracks, calculates, and
Module whenever the RFID Reader reads the smart it got sends the information to the web application also. The
connected to the WIFI modu le, M icrocontroller grasps the aforesaid properties confirm the usage of MSP430G2553
informat ion of the smart card and sent it to the web microcontroller for the proposed work.
application which is an application layer. The Application
layer consists of a web application that can provide us with
the necessary informat ion regarding the travel history of a
passenger like d istance, locations of the journey, time, date,
and base fare price of the passenger he has travelled.
Passengers can track their journeys using the web application.

Figure 3. MSP430g2553 Microcontroller.

• RFID-RC522
The NXP RC522 fu lly integrated RFID card reader,
which uses noncontact 13.56 M Hz co mmunication, is the
best alternative fo r the develop ment of s mart meters and
portable handheld devices. It is made to be a read-write
semiconductor with low power consumption, cheap cost,
and a small form factor. RFID Readers generally use for
reading smart cards or RFID cards for authentication
purposes.

Figure 2. Methodology Flow Chart.

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 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23J32-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-9728-4
Figure 4. RFID-RC522.
• Neo-6M GPS Module.
Using RF frequencies, the tiny CPUs and antennae found
in GPS modules are utilized to automatically receive data
fro m satellites. Fro m there, it will obtain info rmation
fro m nu merous sources, like timestamps fro m all
observable satellites. The GPS Module's primary function
is to detect precise locations and produce accurate data.
Figure 5. Neo-6M GPS Module.
• OLED Display.
An organic light-emitting diode, sometimes referred to as
an organically light-emitting diode (OLED or organic
LED), is a light-emitting diode (LED) including an
organic compound film acting as the emissive
electrolu minescent layer that reflects light in response to
an electric current. It can show the passenger's boarding
and departure points, the distance they went, the fare, and
other information.
III. HARDWARE A ND SOFT WARE IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 6. OLED Display.
• ESP8266MOD
The ESP8266 W i-Fi Module, a conscience System
on Chip with a built-in TCP/IP protocol stack,
enables any microcontroller to connect to your Wi-Fi
network. The ESP8266 can offload all Wi-Fi
networking tasks fro m some other application
processor or hosting an application. The main use of
this Wi-Fi Module is for connecting the two systems
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using the credentials. ESP8266MOD is also known
as node MCU.
Figure 7. ESP8266MOD
• Code Composer Studio
The primary functions of code Co mposer Studio are
embedded project design and low-level JTA G
debugging. However, the most recent editions are
built on unaltered versions of the open-source
Eclipse IDE, wh ich can be easily upgraded to
incorporate OS-level application debugging (Linu x,
Android, Windows Embedded), as well as
opensource comp iler suites like GCC. DSP/BIOS
and SYS/BIOS, two real-time kernels, were included
in early editions. The ecosystem of TI -RTOS
embedded tools, which will ult imately change these
tools, is presently offered as a free Code Co mposer
Studio plugin. It also makes a few subsystems'
debugging possible.
• Thing Speak
Thing Speak is free, open-source Ruby software that
enables communication with online devices.
Providing an API to both the devices and social
network websites. Thing Speak users can analyse
and visualize supplied data using MATLAB without
obtaining a MathWorks MATLAB license thanks to
integrated support from the numerical co mputing
software MATLAB in Thing Speak.
• Hardware Kit
The hardware kit consists of all the components we
discussed earlier, which are connected to each other.
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 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23J32-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-9728-4
Figure 8. Hardware Kit.
• Result Obtained in Hardware Kit
The result displays the distance travelled by the
passenger, the fare price for the distance travelled by
the passenger, the Account balance remain ing in the
smart card, and the boarding and departure locations.
Figure 9. Result in OLED display
• Web application Results
In the Web application, a co mmuter can t rack his/her
whole journey history, balance, distance travelled,
and fair price for every journey.
Figure 10. Web application results.
IV. CONCLUSION A ND FUT URE W ORK
Most of the population of the country travels fro m p lace to
place solely by means of transportation, but some of the
citizens are abusing the ticketing system in ways that force the
government to foot the bill for them. By using our system, th is
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practice will be eliminated because it is difficu lt for
passengers to board a vehicle without money on their smart
cards. Automated fare collection for public transportation is a
creative concept that requires less staff. The deploy ment of
this method is expected to lessen issues like the fleet of buses
being underutilized. Since the technology provides real-time
informat ion, both passengers and bus station administrators
will profit fro m it. The issues can be resolved by co mbining
the RFID ticketing systems. The entire co mmuter trip tracking
system was designed to create a successful, real-time, cost-
effective solution that would replace the physical ticketing
system using RFID technology as the supporting system. As a
result, we will be able to do away with the physical ticketing
system and adopt a real-time passenger travel tracking system
at a reasonable price. We observed that there are nu merous
opportunities to improve this project. The upco ming pro ject's
scope is to fix the screens at the vehicle's entrance so that we
may access their informat ion. The proposed system is
practically reliab le with the imp rovement in networking
facilit ies .The ticketing platform will also use a biometric
authentication system, and we may carry out this project using
debit and credit cards equipped with radio frequency
recognition.
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