LESSON PLAN FOR 1ST WEEK

Date: 9th – 13th January, 2023.

Class: Year 12
Subject: General Mathematics
Theme: Mensuration
Topic: Area and Perimeter of Plane Shapes
Period: 6
Duration: 240 minutes

Lesson 1
Subtopic: Area and Perimeter of a Rectangle and Parallelogram
Reference NGM for SSS 3, Pg. 212 – 215; Hidden Facts in New SSCE Mathematics,
Materials: Pg. 332 – 336, 342 – 343.
Behavioural By the end of this lesson, each pupil should be able to calculate the area
Objectives: and perimeter of a rectangle and parallelogram.
Content:

Area and Perimeter of a Rectangle and Parallelogram

In the parallelogram, 𝒉 is the perpendicular distance between any two parallel opposite sides,
𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒃 𝒃 are any two adjacent sides and 𝜽 is the angle between them (i.e. any two adjacent sides).

Worked Examples
(1.) A rectangle has length (𝑛 + 2) 𝑐𝑚 and width (𝑛 − 3) 𝑐𝑚. If the perimeter is 22 𝑐𝑚, find the
value of 𝑛.
(2.) 2014/13 NABTEB (modified)

̂ 𝐶 = 30° and |𝐴𝐵| = 17 𝑐𝑚. Calculate its perimeter

ABCD is a parallelogram of height 6 𝑐𝑚, 𝐴𝐷
and area.
(3.) In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangle. |AE| = 20 𝑐𝑚, |DE| = |EC| and < 𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 30°. Calculate,
correct to three significant figures:
(i.) |AD|; (ii.) |DE| and (iii.) the area of the shaded portion.
(4.) 2010/6b WAEC
A rectangular playing field is 18 𝑐𝑚 wide. It is surrounded by a path 6 𝑐𝑚 wide such that its area
is equal to the area of the path. Calculate the length of the field.
Solution
(1.)
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(𝑙 + 𝑏)
22 = 2[(𝑛 + 2) + (𝑛 − 3)]
11 = 2𝑛 − 1
12 = 2𝑛
6=𝑛
∴𝑛=6
(2.)
Perimeter of the parallelogram= 2(|𝐴𝐷| + |𝐴𝐵|)
6 𝑐𝑚
sin 30° =
|𝐴𝐷|
6 𝑐𝑚 6 𝑐𝑚
|𝐴𝐷| = =
sin 30° 0.5
= 12 𝑐𝑚
Perimeter of the parallelogram = 2(12 𝑐𝑚 + 17 𝑐𝑚)
= 2 × 29 𝑐𝑚
∴ Perimeter of the parallelogram = 58 cm

Area of the parallelogram = |𝐷𝐶| × 6𝑐𝑚 or |𝐴𝐷| × |𝐷𝐶| × sin 30°

= 17 𝑐𝑚 × 6 𝑐𝑚 or 12 𝑐𝑚 × 17 𝑐𝑚 × 0.5
= 102 𝑐𝑚2
∴ Area of the parallelogram = 102 𝑐𝑚2
NB: |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐷𝐶| (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)
(3.)
(i.) Using trigonometry ratio:
|𝐴𝐷|
sin < 𝐴𝐸𝐷 =
|𝐴𝐸|
|𝐴𝐷|
sin 30° =
20 𝑐𝑚
sin 30° × |𝐴𝐸| = |𝐴𝐷|
0.5 × 20 𝑐𝑚 = |𝐴𝐷|
|𝐴𝐷| = 10 𝑐𝑚
∴ |𝐴𝐷| = 10.0 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑠. 𝑓

(ii.) Applying Pythagoras’ theorem to ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸:

|𝐷𝐸| = √|𝐴𝐸|2 − |𝐴𝐷|2
 = √(20 𝑐𝑚)2 − (10 𝑐𝑚)2
= √400 𝑐𝑚2 − 100 𝑐𝑚2
= √300 𝑐𝑚2 = 10√3 𝑐𝑚
≈ 17.3205 𝑐𝑚
∴ |𝐷𝐸| ≈ 17.3 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑜 3 𝑠. 𝑓

(iii.) Area of the shaded portion = Area of rectangle ABCD – Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸
1 3
= (2 × |𝐷𝐸| × |𝐴𝐷|) − ( × |𝐷𝐸| × |𝐴𝐷|) = × |𝐷𝐸| × |𝐴𝐷|
2 2
3
= × 10√3 𝑐𝑚 × 10 𝑐𝑚
2
= 150√3 𝑐𝑚2
≈ 259.8076 𝑐𝑚2
∴ Area of the shaded portion ≈ 260 𝑐𝑚2 𝑡𝑜 3 𝑠. 𝑓

(4.) Let the length of the field = 𝑥

Area of the field = 18𝑥 𝑚

Area of the path = Area of the outer rectangle – Area of the field = 30 𝑚 (12 𝑚 + 𝑥) − 18𝑥 𝑚
But Area of the field = Area of the path
18𝑥 𝑚 = 30 𝑚 (12 𝑚 + 𝑥) − 18𝑥 𝑚
18𝑥 𝑚 = 360 𝑚2 + 30𝑥 𝑚 − 18𝑥 𝑚
18𝑥 𝑚 = 360 𝑚2 + 12𝑥 𝑚
18𝑥 𝑚 − 12𝑥 𝑚 = 360 𝑚2
6𝑥 𝑚 = 360 𝑚2
360 𝑚2
𝑥=
6𝑚
∴ 𝑥 = 60 𝑚
Classwork
(1.) 2010/24 WAEC
A rectangle has length 𝑥 𝑐𝑚 and width (𝑥 − 1) 𝑐𝑚. If the perimeter is 16 𝑐𝑚, find the value of 𝑥.
(2.) 2013/29 NECO
Calculate the area of the figure below
Assignment
(1.) 2007/10b WAEC

̂ 𝑆 = 37°. Calculate, correct

In the diagram, PQRS is a rectangle. |PK| = 15 𝑐𝑚, |SK| = |KR| and 𝑃𝐾
to three significant figures:
(i.) |PS|; (ii.) |SK| and (iii.) the area of the shaded portion.

(2.) 2007/34 NECO

JKLM is a parallelogram and 𝑀𝑁 ⊥ 𝐽𝐾. If /JM/ = 13 𝑐𝑚, /MN/ = 5 𝑐𝑚 and /NK/ = 10 𝑐𝑚, find
the area of the parallelogram.

[Hint: Calculate |JN| using Pythagoras’ theorem and add the result to |NK| to obtain the base,
|JK|.]
Lesson 2
Subtopic: Area of a Triangle and Trapezium
Reference NGM for SSS 3, Pg. 212 – 215; Hidden Facts in New SSCE Mathematics,
Materials: Pg. 339 – 342, 344 – 345.
Behavioural By the end of this lesson, each pupil should be able to calculate the area
Objectives: of a triangle and trapezium.
Content:

Area of a Triangle and Trapezium

(i.) The following formulae can be used to calculate the area of a triangle
𝟏
Area of a triangle = 𝟐 𝒃𝒉
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Area of a triangle = 𝟐 𝒂𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 = 𝟐
𝒂𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 = 𝟐
𝒃𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨
Area of a triangle = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄) where 𝒔 is the half of the perimeter of the triangle
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
i.e. 𝒔 = .
𝟐
𝟏
(ii.) Area of a trapezium = 𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒉
Worked Examples
(1.) 2009/9a NECO (Dec) (Modified)
Find, correct to 2 decimal places, the area of triangle ABC in which |AB| = 7 𝑐𝑚, |BC| = 12 𝑐𝑚 and
|AC| = 9 𝑐𝑚.
(2.) Calculate the area of a trapezium PQRS with |PQ| = 17 𝑐𝑚, |SR| = 31 𝑐𝑚 and height = 19 𝑐𝑚.
(3.)

In the diagram, |JK| = 6 𝑐𝑚, |KL| = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚, |LM| = (2𝑥 + 5) 𝑐𝑚 and ̅̅̅
𝐽𝐾 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝐿. If the area of the
2
shaded portion is 60 𝑐𝑚 , find the area of triangle JKL.
(4.) 2009/18 WAEC

PQRS is a trapezium. QR//PS, |𝑃𝑄| = 5 𝑐𝑚, |𝑄𝑅| = 6 𝑐𝑚, |𝑃𝑆| = 10 𝑐𝑚 and angle 𝑄𝑃𝑆 = 42°.
Calculate, correct to the nearest 𝑐𝑚2 , the area of the trapezium.

Solution
(1.)

Area of a triangle = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)

7 𝑐𝑚 + 9 𝑐𝑚 + 12 𝑐𝑚 28 𝑐𝑚
𝑠= = = 14 𝑐𝑚
2 2
Area of the triangle = √14 𝑐𝑚(14 𝑐𝑚 − 7 𝑐𝑚)(14 𝑐𝑚 − 9 𝑐𝑚)(14 𝑐𝑚 − 12 𝑐𝑚)
= √14 𝑐𝑚 × 7 𝑐𝑚 × 5 𝑐𝑚 × 2 𝑐𝑚
= √980 𝑐𝑚4
≈ 31.304951 𝑐𝑚2
∴ Area of the triangle ≈ 31.30 𝑐𝑚2 𝑡𝑜 2 𝑑. 𝑝
(2.)

𝟏
Area of a trapezium = 𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒉
1
Area of the trapezium = (17 𝑐𝑚 + 31 𝑐𝑚) × 19 𝑐𝑚
2
= 24 𝑐𝑚 × 19 𝑐𝑚 = 456 𝑐𝑚2
(3.)
𝟏
Area of a triangle = 𝒃𝒉
𝟐
Area of ∆𝐽𝐾𝐿 = Area of ∆𝐽𝐾𝑀 − Area of the shaded portion
1
Area of ∆𝐽𝐾𝐿 = × 𝑥 𝑐𝑚 × 6 𝑐𝑚 = 3𝑥 𝑐𝑚2
2
1
Area of ∆𝐽𝐾𝑀 = × (3𝑥 + 5) 𝑐𝑚 × 6 𝑐𝑚 = 3(3𝑥 + 5) 𝑐𝑚2
2
Area of the shaded portion = 60 𝑐𝑚2
Make substitution:
3𝑥 = 3(3𝑥 + 5) − 60
3𝑥 = 9𝑥 + 15 − 60
3𝑥 = 9𝑥 − 45
45 = 6𝑥
𝑥 = 7.5
But Area of ∆𝐽𝐾𝐿 = 3𝑥 𝑐𝑚2
Hence, ∆𝐽𝐾𝐿 = 3 × 7.5 𝑐𝑚2 = 22.5 𝑐𝑚2

(4.)
Let the perpendicular distance between ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑅 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆 = ℎ
ℎ
sin 42° =
5 𝑐𝑚
ℎ = sin 42° × 5 𝑐𝑚
1
Area of the trapezium = 2 × (|QR| + |PS|) × ℎ
1
= × (6 𝑐𝑚 + 10 𝑐𝑚) × (sin 42° × 5 𝑐𝑚)
2
= 40 𝑐𝑚2 × sin 42°
≈ 26.7652 𝑐𝑚2
≈ 27 𝑐𝑚2 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑚2

Classwork
(1.) 2011/30 NECO
Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places, the area of a triangle whose sides are 5 𝑐𝑚, 6 𝑐𝑚 and 7 𝑐𝑚.
(2.) 2013/30 NECO
Calculate the area of a trapezium ABCD with |AB| = 20 𝑐𝑚, |DC| = 45 𝑐𝑚 and height = 8 𝑐𝑚.

(3.) 2007/17 WAEC

2
In the diagram, /LN/ = 4 𝑐𝑚, ∠𝐿𝑁𝑀 = 90° and tan 𝑦° = 3, what is the area of the ∆𝐿𝑀𝑁?
Assignment
(1.) 2010/34 WAEC

In the diagram, |EF| = 8 𝑐𝑚, |FG| = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚, |GH| = (𝑥 + 2) 𝑐𝑚 and ∠𝐸𝐹𝐺 = 90°. If the area of the
shaded portion is 40 𝑐𝑚2 , find the area of triangle ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺.
(2.) 2013/30 NABTEB (Nov)
ABCD is a trapezium in which AB//CD, 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ = 20 𝑐𝑚, 𝐷𝐶
̅̅̅̅ = 10 𝑐𝑚, 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ = 16 𝑐𝑚 and 𝐵𝐴̂𝐷 = 30°,
calculate the area of the trapezium

(3.) 2006/30 NECO (modified)

The figure above is a trapezium. Calculate its area correct to 3 significant figures.

Lesson 3
Subtopic: Area and Perimeter of a Rhombus and Sector of a Circle
Reference NGM for SSS 3, Pg. 212 – 215; Hidden Facts in New SSCE Mathematics, Pg.
Materials: 346 – 347, 350 – 352.
Behavioural By the end of this lesson, each student should be able to calculate the area
Objective: and perimeter of a rhombus and sector of a circle.
Content:
 Area and Perimeter of a Rhombus and Sector of a Circle

A rhombus A sector of a circle

𝜽
𝟏
Area of a rhombus = 𝟐 × (𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒔) Area of a sector =
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
× 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝜽
Perimeter of a rhombus = 𝟒𝒍 Perimeter of a sector = 𝟐𝒓 + ( × 𝟐𝝅𝒓)
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
Where 𝒍 is the length of any of the sides 𝜽𝝅
or 𝟐𝒓 × (𝟑𝟔𝟎° + 𝟏)
𝜽
NB: ( × 𝟐𝝅𝒓) = 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝟑𝟔𝟎°

Worked Examples
(1.) 2008/14 NABTEB (Nov)
The side of a rhombus is 10 𝑐𝑚. If one of the diagonals is 16 𝑐𝑚, find the area.
(2.) 2008/17 WAEC
POR is a sector of a circle centre O, radius 4 𝑐𝑚. If 𝑃𝑂̂ 𝑅 = 30°, find, correct to 3 significant figures,
22
the area of sector POR (Take 𝜋 = 7 )
(3.) Calculate the perimeter of a rhombus whose diagonals are 8 𝑐𝑚 and 6 𝑐𝑚 long.
(4.) 2014/39 WAEC (modified)
A chord subtends an angle of 120° at the centre of a circle of radius 3.5 𝑐𝑚. Find, correct to 1
22
decimal place, the perimeter of the minor sector containing the chord. (Take 𝜋 = )
7
Solution
(1.)

1
Area of the rhombus = 2 × |𝐴𝐶| × |𝐵𝐷|

Let |𝑂𝐷| = |𝑂𝐵| = 𝑥

Hence, |𝐵𝐷| = 2𝑥
Using Pythagoras’ theorem:
 𝑥 = √|𝐴𝐵|2 − |𝑂𝐴|2

𝑥 = √(10 𝑐𝑚)2 − (8 𝑐𝑚)2

𝑥 = √100 𝑐𝑚2 − 64 𝑐𝑚2

𝑥 = √36 𝑐𝑚2 = 6 𝑐𝑚
1
Area of the rhombus = 2 × 16 𝑐𝑚 × 12 𝑐𝑚 = 96 𝑐𝑚2

(2.)

𝜃
Area of a sector = × 𝜋𝑟 2
360°
30° 22
Area of the sector = × × (4 𝑐𝑚)2
360° 7
2
≈ 4.19 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑜 3 𝑠. 𝑓
(3.)

Perimeter of the rhombus = 4 × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

Using Pythagoras’ theorem:
|AC| = √(4 𝑐𝑚)2 + (3 𝑐𝑚)2
= √16 𝑐𝑚2 + 9 𝑐𝑚2
= √25 𝑐𝑚2
= 5 𝑐𝑚
Hence, the perimeter = 4 × 5 𝑐𝑚 = 20 𝑐𝑚
(4.)
𝜽 𝜽𝝅
Perimeter of a sector = 𝟐𝒓 + ( × 𝟐𝝅𝒓) or 𝟐𝒓 × ( + 𝟏)
𝟑𝟔𝟎° 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
22
120°×
7
Perimeter of the sector = 2 × 3.5 𝑐𝑚 × ( + 1)
360°
 43 43
= 7 𝑐𝑚 × = 𝑐𝑚
21 3
≈ 14.3333 𝑐𝑚
≈ 14.3 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑜 1 𝑑. 𝑝
Classwork
(1.) 2005/5b NECO
A rhombus of side 13 𝑐𝑚 has a diagonal of 18 𝑐𝑚. Find the area of the rhombus correct to 2
decimal places.
(2.) 2005/42 WAEC
OX and OY are radii of a circle centre O. If |OX| is 4 𝑐𝑚 and ∠𝑋𝑂𝑌 is 60°, calculate, correct to the
22
nearest whole number, the perimeter of sector XOY of the circle. (Take 𝜋 = 7
)
(3.) 2009/4c NABTEB (Nov)
In the diagram below, O is the centre of the concentric circle of radii 13 𝑐𝑚 and 10 𝑐𝑚 respectively.
Find the area of the shaded portion in the sector with an angle of 120° at the centre. [Hint: i. area
of the shaded portion = area of the big sector – area of the small sector ii. Leave answer in term
of 𝜋]

Assignment
(1.) 2006/5a NABTEB
Calculate, correct to two decimal places, the area of the minor sector of a circle which subtends
an angle of 130° at the centre and having radius 14 𝑐𝑚 (Take 𝜋 = 3.14)
(2.) 2008/19 WAEC

In the diagram, PQRS is a rhombus. |PR|= 10 𝑐𝑚 and |QS| = 24 𝑐𝑚. Calculate the perimeter of the
rhombus.
(3.) 2014/44 NECO
Find the radius of a sector whose perimeter is 32 𝑐𝑚 and its arc length is 25 𝑐𝑚.
[Hint: Perimeter = 2𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, where 𝑟 is the radius]

Lesson 4
Subtopic: Area and Perimeter of a Segment of a Circle
Reference NGM for SSS 3, Pg. 212 – 215; Hidden Facts in New SSCE Mathematics,
Materials: Pg. 355 – 358.
Behavioural By the end of this lesson, each student should be able to calculate the area
Objective: and perimeter of a segment of a circle.
Content:
 Area and Perimeter of a Segment of a Circle

Area of segment ABP = 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝑶𝑩𝑷 − 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑶𝑩

𝜽 𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝝅𝜽
Area of a segment of a circle = (𝟑𝟔𝟎° × 𝝅𝒓𝟐 ) − (𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽) 𝐨𝐫 (
𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)

The perimeter, P, of a segment of a circle is the distance around the segment and is given as:
𝜽 𝜽
𝑷 = |𝑨𝑩| + 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑷𝑩 ⏜ = 𝟐𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 + [ × 𝟐𝝅𝒓] (𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕)
𝟐 𝟑𝟔𝟎°

𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝜽 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝜽
⏜ = 𝟐𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝑷 = |𝑨𝑩| + 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑩 +[ × 𝟐𝝅𝒓] (𝑴𝒂𝒋𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕)
𝟐 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
Worked Examples
(1.) The circle shown below has a radius of 10 cm. An arc subtends an angle of 75° at the center
of the circle. Find the area of the segment AB. Use π = 3.14. Give your answer to 2 significant
figures.

(2.) Find the perimeter of the minor segment AB of the circle below. Give your answer to 1 decimal
place. Use π=3.14

Solution
(1.)
𝜃 1
Area of segment AB = 360°
× 𝜋𝑟 2 − 2 𝑟 2 sin 𝜃
75°
Area of sector AOB = 360°
× 3.14 × 102 Substitute 𝜃 = 75°, 𝑟 = 10 𝑐𝑚
≈ 65.42 𝑐𝑚2 Simplify
1
Area of triangle AOB = 2
× 102 × sin 75° Substitute 𝜃 = 75°, 𝑟 = 10 𝑐𝑚
 ≈ 48.30 𝑐𝑚2 Simplify
Area of segment AB ≈ 2 2
65.42 𝑐𝑚 − 48.30 𝑐𝑚
≈ 17.12 𝑐𝑚2
∴The area of the segment AB ≈ 17 𝑐𝑚2 𝑡𝑜 2 𝑠. 𝑓

(2.)
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝜃 = 120°, 𝜋 = 3.14, 𝑟 = 12 𝑐𝑚
𝜃 𝜃
𝑃 = 2𝑟 sin + [ × 2𝜋𝑟]
2 360°
120° 120°
𝑃 = 2 × 12 𝑐𝑚 × sin +[ × 2 × 3.14 × 12 𝑐𝑚]
2 360°
𝑃 = 24 𝑐𝑚 × sin 60° + [25.12 𝑐𝑚]
≈ 20.7846 𝑐𝑚 + [25.12 𝑐𝑚] ≈ 45.9046 𝑐𝑚 ≈ 45.9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑜 1 𝑑. 𝑝

Classwork
(1.) 2014/43 NECO
Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places, the perimeter of a minor segment of a circle of radius 14 𝑐𝑚
22
subtending an angle 120° at the centre. (𝜋 = 7
)
(2.) 2009/39 NECO (Dec)

Find the area of the shaded portion in the diagram above if O is the centre of the circle. (Correct
to 1 decimal place)

Assignment
(1.) 2008/37 WAEC
XY is a chord of a circle centre O and radius 7𝑐𝑚. The chord XY is 8 𝑐𝑚 long and subtends an angle
22
of 120° at the centre. Calculate the perimeter of the minor segment (Take 𝜋 = )
7
22
(2.) Calculate the area of the shaded segment of the circle shown in the diagram below. (𝜋 = 7
)