ELECTRICAL MACHINES 2

Name: ________________________________________
Course/Section: ______________________________
Date: ________________________________________

I. Problem Solving. Solve for the following problems. Show your solution in proper order.

1. A 3-phase, 16 pole alternator has a wye-connected full-pitch winding with 144 slots
and 10 conductors per slot all in series. The flux per pole is 0.03 Wb sinusoidally
distributed at 60 Hz. What is the no load emf between the lines?

2. The output of a station with two alternators in parallel 30,000 kW at a lagging

power factor of 0.707. One of the machines is loaded 15,000 at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
Calculate the MVA loading and p.f. of the other machine.

3. Two alternators running in parallel supply the following loads:

400 kW at unity p.f.
500 kW at 0.90 p.f. lagging
600 kW at 0.866 p.f lagging
One machine is loaded to 800 kW at 0.866 p.f. lagging. What is the kVA load and p.f.
of the other machine?

4. The following data were obtained when a short-circuit test was performed upon a 100-
kva 2400/240-volt distribution transformer: Esc = 72; Isc = 41.6 amp; Psc = 1180
watts. All instruments were placed on the high side, and the low side was short-
circuited. Calculate: (a) the equivalent resistance, impedance, and reactance; (b)
the per cent regulation at a power factor of 0.75 lagging.

5. A 230/460 – volt transformer has a primary connection of (0.20 +j0.50) ohm and a
secondary winding impedance of (0.75 + j1.8) ohms. If the primary voltage is 200
volts, determine the secondary or load voltage if the load current is 10 A at 0.80
lagging power factor.

II. Essay.

1. Why are Alternators rated in kVA and not in kW?

2. Does the transformer draw any current when secondary is open? Why?
3. What is the purpose of laminating the core in transformers?
4. Why core loss Is Constant In transformers?
5. Consider the following transformer below. I connected the probes of the voltmeter as
illustrated and it reads 230 V. What should be the reading if I connect the probes
to line – a and line – c? Explain your answer.

V
6. Transformers have power factor even if it is not connected to a load. True or false?
Justify your answer.
7. What are the requirements to be met with for paralleling of alternators?
8. Why do we need to operate alternators in parallel?
9. Consider a DC shunt motor. If I connect a rheostat in the load side, what will
happen to the rotation of the motor? What if it is connected in the shunt branch?
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10. Consider the following transformer below. I connected the probes of the
voltmeter as illustrated and it reads 230 V. What should be the reading if I connect
the probes to line – b and line – c?

III. Multiple Choice.

1. An Alternator is found to have its terminal voltage on load condition more than that
on no load. What is the nature of the load connected?
A. The nature of the load is of unity power factor, load consisting of resistance.
B. The nature of the load is of lagging power factor, load consisting of resistance
and inductive reactance.
C. The nature of the load is of leading power factor, load consisting of resistance
and capacitive reactance.
D. None of the above

2. An open circuit test is conducted to find _______.

A. Copper loss
B. Hysteresis loss
C. Core loss
D. Resistance and reactance to metering side

3. A short circuit test is conducted to find _______.

A. Copper loss
B. Hysteresis loss
C. Core loss
D. None of the above

4. In a short circuit test, the voltage applied is usually low, about 5 to 10% of the
normal primary voltage. Why?
A. There will be no current if voltage applied is equal to the normal primary
voltage.
B. There will be no current if voltage applied is more than the normal primary
voltage.
C. To avoid large current until full-load currents flow in the primary.
D. To avoid large current until full-load currents flow in the primary as well as
secondary.

5. In an alternator, for a coil having a span of 2/3 of pole pitch, the coil span
factor will be
A. 0.866 C. 0.6
B. 0.707 D. 0.2

6. Why is the core loss negligible during a short circuit test? (REELE 2021)
A. Power factor is high C. The mutual flux is small
B. Frequency is low D. Current is high
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7. The dark and bright lamp method is used for

A. Transfer of load C. Balancing of load
B. Synchronizing D. Phase sequence
8. The speed of an alternator is changed from 3000 rpm to 1500 rpm. The generated emf
per phase will become
A. double C. half
B. unchanged D. one-fourth

9. The power output of an alternator is 40 kW and kVAR component is -25. What will be
the value of tan theta (theta being the power factor of the angle).
A. 0.866 C. 0.6
B. 0.707 D. 0.2
10. If a current transformer has a ratio of 100:5 and an ammeter connected to its
secondary reads 2.5 A, the actual line current is
A. 12.5 A C. 50 A
B. 250 A D. 0.125 A

11. What is the effect on current flow in reversing the movement of a conductor in
a magnetic field of a generator? (REELE 2021)
A. Will increase the current flow
B. Has no effect on the current flow
C. Neutralize the current flow
D. Reverse the direction of the current flow

12. Which of the following is the eddy current loss proportional to? (REELE 2021)
A. Square of the flux density
B. The square of the load current
C. Square of the frequency
D. Square of the thickness

13. One primary and one secondary terminal of a two-winding transformer are
connected to an ohm-meter instrument. What will be the reading on this instrument?
(REELE 2019/2021)
A. Zero C. Infinity
B. Zero or infinity D. Equal to winding reactance

14. What is the primary function of the tubes welded on the side of oil-type
transformers? (REELE 2021)
A. For transformer losses reduction
B. To improve the cooling
C. To increase its efficiency
D. For voltage regulation improvement

15. A transformer takes 5.17 kW at a power factor of 0.85 when connected to a

2.3kV distribution circuit. What is the current in amp? (REELE 2019)
A. 2.51 C. 2.65
B. 2.45 D. 2.81

16. Which of the following transformer’s winding connection is most suitable for
an unbalanced load? (REELE 2019)
A. Open-delta C. Four-wye
B. Three-wye D. Delta

17. In synchronous machines, the salient poles are

A. Rotating field winding C. Rotating armature winding
B. Stationary field winding D. Stationary armature winding

18. Which of the following is not true of parallel operation of alternators?

A. Increase in reliability C. Increase in efficiency
B. Increase in losses D. Proper load sharing

19. A 10 kVA, 200/400 V single phase transformer is operating with secondary open
circuited. What is the input current in amperes? (REELE 2021)
A. 50 C. 20
B. 2 D. 10

20. Which of the following refers to the power loss due to alternating
magnetization and demagnetization of the core material? (REELE 2021)
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A. No-load loss C. Hysteresis loss

B. Eddy-current loss