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Unit 5 Op Amp New
Unit 5 Op Amp New
Unit 5 Op Amp New
Amplifiers
What is an Op-Amp
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are very high gain dc
coupled amplifiers with differential inputs. One of the inputs
is called the inverting input (-); the other is called the
noninverting input. Usually there is a single output.
Why are they useful ?
◼ Sensor signals are often too weak or too noisy:
Op-Amps ideally increase the signal amplitude
without affecting its other properties
Applications of Op-Amps
◼ Simple Amplifiers
◼ Summers
◼ Comparators
◼ Integrators
◼ Differentiators
◼ Analog to Digital Converters
What do they really look like?
Ideal Op amp
• Zi is infinite
• Zo is zero
• Amplification (Gain) Vo / Vi = ∞
• Unlimited bandwidth
• Vo = 0 when Voltage inputs = 0
Voltage Transfer Curve of Op - amp
Virtual Ground Concept
One of these assumptions is called the virtual short circuit, or
just virtual short. Actually, this is not one of the fundamental
characteristics of an ideal op amp. Rather, the virtual short is a
theoretical situation that arises from one of the fundamental
characteristics of an ideal op amp, namely, infinite open-loop
gain.
Inverting Amplifier
RF iout
iin R
Vin
Vout RF
=−
Vin R
Non-Inverting Amplifier
RF iout
iin R
C
Vin
Vout RF
= 1+
Vin R
Summing Circuits
Rf Rf Rf
V o = V in ACLn Vo = −V1 −V2 −V3
R1 R2 R3
V1 is Vref
V2 is Vin
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=ru4JIZ-x8yo
Anti-lock braking System (ABS)
Basically, anti lock braking system (ABS) sensor is used the hall effect sensor for
determining wheel rotation speed to prevent wheel lock up when braking. The
Hall effect ABS sensor consists of a permanent magnet with a Hall effect sensor
next to it. The magnetic field strength changes when a magnetism sensitive
object passes through the magnetic field of the magnet. This changing of the
magnetic field causes the output of the Hall effect sensor to change.
Anti-lock braking System (ABS)
In most cases the object used to influence the magnetic field is a disk or ring with
evenly distributed teeth, mounted on the driveshaft or in the bearing. When the
wheel is rotating, the teeth are passing the sensor and the pattern in which they
are placed is visible in the ABS sensor signal. Each period of the signal is a tooth
passing the sensor. The frequency of the signal depends on the rotation speed of
the wheel and the amount of teeth on the disk or ring.
Anti-lock braking System (ABS)
The magnetic induction intensity B changes with the wheel speed to generate hall
potential pulse. After amplifying, shaping and amplifying power amplifier in hall
IC, pulse train is output to the outside
Thank you