Metro Final - Merged

A
Project Report
on
A study to understand the impact on local businesses due to

construction of Metro work on Lamington Road
in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

Master of Management Studies
conducted by
University of Mumbai
through
Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management and Research
under the guidance of
Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan

Submitted by
Mr. Yash Jadhav

MMS
Batch: 2021 – 2023
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
This is to certify that Mr. Yash Jadhav, a student of Chetana’s R.K. Institute of
Management and Research, of MMS II bearing Roll No. 018 has successfully completed
the project titled
“A study to understand the impact on local businesses due to

construction of Metro work on Lamington Road
”
under the guidance of Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan in partial fulfillment of the requirement
of Masters of Management Studies by University of Mumbai for the academic year 2021–
23.
Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan Prof. Suhas Gharat

Project Guide I/c Director
Declaration
I hereby declare that this project report titled “A study to understand the impact on
local businesses due to construction of Metro work on Lamington Road”, submitted
in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master of Management Studies to Chetana’s
R.K. Institute of Management and Research, is my original work and has not been
submitted elsewhere for award of any degree or diploma fellowship or for similar title or
prize. References of work and related sources of information have been duly
acknowledged in the report.
The project has been carried out under the guidance of Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan
. I further declare that I have no objection and grant the rights to Chetana’s R.K. Institute
of Management and Research to publish any chapter/project or use it for future reference if
they deem fit.
Place: Mumbai
Date:
Name: Yash Jadhav
Division: A
Roll No: 018
Signature:
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research for giving me
an opportunity to learn and understand about Finance and research aspect.
I am grateful to Prof. Suhas Gharat (I/c Director) Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management
& Research for providing me this wonderful opportunity to have a great learning experience
Special thanks to my mentor Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan, for his precious time, efforts,
unconditional support and valuable guidance in completing this project, helping me to
understand this project better and supporting me with his expertise about the subject to
make my project worth for my own benefit.
Lastly, with immense pleasure I would like to express my gratitude to all my family and
friends who contributed in making this project successful
Yash Dhananjay Jadhav

Roll No: 018
Executive Summary
The study aimed to investigate the impact of the construction of Metro work on local
businesses on Lamington Road. Lamington Road is a major commercial hub in Mumbai,
India, with a significant number of small and medium-sized businesses operating in the
area. The construction of Metro work in the area has caused disruptions in the daily
operations of these businesses, which has led to concerns among business owners about the
future of their enterprises.
The study used a mixed-methods approach to gather data from local businesses, including
surveys and interviews. The data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative
techniques to gain insights into the impact of the construction work on the businesses in the
area.
The findings of the study indicate that the construction work has had a significant impact
on the local businesses on Lamington Road. The disruptions caused by the construction
work, including noise, dust, and road closures, have led to a decrease in footfall and sales
for many businesses. The study also found that businesses that were located closer to the
construction site experienced greater disruptions than those located farther away.
Despite the impact of the construction work, the study found that the majority of the
businesses on Lamington Road have been able to adapt to the disruptions caused by the
Metro work. Many businesses have implemented strategies such as adjusting their
operating hours and marketing strategies to attract customers. However, some businesses
have reported that the impact of the construction work has been so significant that they may
have to shut down their operations permanently.
In conclusion, the study highlights the significant impact of construction work on local
businesses on Lamington Road. The study recommends that the government should take
steps to minimize the disruptions caused by the construction work and provide support to
businesses affected by the construction. The study also recommends that businesses in the
area should continue to adapt their operations to remain competitive in the face of the
challenges posed by the construction work.
Table of Contents
Chapter
Chapter Details Page No.
No.
1 Context for Study 1
2 Research Methodology 19
3 Data Analysis 21
4 Conclusion 25
5 Annexure 27
Plagiarism Report 29
List of Tables
Sr. No. Title Page No.
4.1 Ranking of impacts 23
List of Images
Sr. No. Title Page No.
1.1 Metro Protest 26
1.2 Aarey Protest 27

A Study to understand the impact on local businessmen due to metro work Yash Jadhav
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 1|Page

INTRODUCTION
Transportation infrastructure forms the backbone of a nation's economic growth and societal
development. In the case of India, a vast and diverse country, the transportation sector plays a
pivotal role in connecting people, facilitating trade, and promoting overall progress. There are
various transportation infrastructure in India, focusing on roadways, railways, urban
transportation, airports, waterways, smart solutions, and sustainable initiatives. Furthermore,
it highlights the challenges faced by the Indian transportation system and presents a detailed
outlook for future infrastructure development in the country.
1. Road Infrastructure
India boasts one of the largest road networks globally, spanning over 5.89 million kilometers
across rural and urban areas. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is responsible
for the development and maintenance of national highways, which constitute a significant part
of the road infrastructure. The government has undertaken ambitious projects such as the
Bharatmala Pariyojana, with an aim to enhance road connectivity, reduce travel times, and
improve logistics efficiency.
However, the road infrastructure in India faces several challenges. Congestion, inadequate
maintenance, and safety concerns are persistent issues. To address these challenges, the
government has focused on adopting new technologies and improving road design. Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) are being implemented to optimize road usage and enhance
overall efficiency. These systems include features such as real-time traffic monitoring, variable
message signs, and smart tolling mechanisms.
2. Railways
Indian Railways stands as one of the largest railway networks globally, covering over 67,000
kilometers and connecting remote regions to major cities. It serves as a vital mode of
transportation for both passengers and freight. The government has actively invested in the
modernization of railway infrastructure to meet the demands of a growing population. Projects
such as the Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) aim to enhance freight transportation capacity,
reduce transit times, and improve efficiency.

Furthermore, the government has embarked on high-speed rail projects to revolutionize

transportation in India. The Mumbai-Ahmedabad Bullet Train project, developed in
collaboration with Japan, seeks to significantly reduce travel times and enhance connectivity
between major cities. Advanced train technologies, such as the Train Collision Avoidance
System (TCAS) and Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS), are being implemented to
ensure safer and more efficient railway operations.
3. Urban Transportation
Rapid urbanization and population growth have resulted in significant challenges for urban
transportation systems in Indian cities. Issues such as congestion, pollution, and inadequate
public transportation infrastructure have become prominent concerns. To address these
challenges, several cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Chennai have implemented
Metro Rail projects. These projects provide a reliable, efficient, and sustainable mode of
transportation, relieving the burden on road networks.
Additionally, initiatives like Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS), integrated ticketing systems,
and improved last-mile connectivity have been introduced to promote sustainable urban
transportation solutions. These measures aim to reduce reliance on private vehicles, alleviate
congestion, and provide convenient and accessible options for commuters. Furthermore, the
adoption of intelligent transportation systems and real-time information systems allows for
better management of urban transportation networks.
4. Airports
India has a vast network of airports, both domestic and international, serving as crucial
gateways for air travel. The government has focused on developing new airports and
modernizing existing ones to accommodate the growing demand for air travel. Projects such
as the Jewar Airport near Delhi, the expansion of major airports like Mumbai, Chennai, and
Bengaluru, and the construction of regional airports in remote areas aim to enhance passenger
capacity, improve infrastructure, and boost connectivity.
The introduction of advanced technologies in airports, such as biometric-based passenger

processing systems and smart security measures, ensures smoother travel experiences for
passengers. Additionally, the implementation of modern airport management systems,

including automated baggage handling, efficient check-in processes, and advanced air traffic
control, further enhances operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction.
5. Waterways
India's extensive network of rivers and water bodies provides immense potential for inland
water transportation. Recognizing this opportunity, the government has undertaken the
development of national waterways to promote cost-effective and environmentally friendly
transportation. The National Waterway-1, located on the Ganges River, serves as a notable
example of this initiative. It connects the eastern and northern parts of the country, facilitating
the movement of cargo and reducing the burden on road and rail networks. To harness the full
potential of waterways, efforts are underway to improve navigability, construct terminals, and
enhance connectivity with other modes of transportation. The development of multimodal
logistics parks near waterways further strengthens the integration of inland water transportation
into the overall transportation network. These initiatives not only provide an alternative mode
of transportation but also contribute to reduced congestion, lower carbon emissions, and
increased trade efficiency.
6. Smart Transportation Solutions
The integration of technology and smart transportation solutions has gained significant
momentum in India. Intelligent Traffic Management Systems (ITMS) are being deployed in
various cities to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion. These systems leverage real-time
data, predictive analytics, and advanced algorithms to dynamically manage traffic signals,
adjust signal timings based on traffic conditions, and provide alternative route suggestions to
commuters. By improving traffic management, ITMS enhances the overall efficiency of road
networks, reduces travel times, and minimizes fuel consumption and emissions.
Additionally, electronic toll collection systems have been implemented nationwide, such as the
Fastag program. Fastag enables seamless and cashless toll transactions, thereby reducing traffic
congestion at toll plazas and improving the overall travel experience for road users. Integration
with GPS technology and mobile applications allows users to monitor toll charges and plan
their journeys more efficiently.
Furthermore, digital platforms for ride-sharing and last-mile connectivity have gained
significant popularity in Indian cities. App-based cab services, bike-sharing programs, and

carpooling platforms provide convenient and cost-effective transportation options for

commuters.
Mumbai
Mumbai, the bustling metropolis of India, is renowned for its vibrant culture, thriving
economy, and, unfortunately, its notorious traffic congestion. Within this city of over 20
million people, the local train system serves as an indispensable lifeline for millions of
commuters, providing a convenient and efficient mode of transportation. This essay delves into
the details of transportation by Mumbai local trains, exploring its history, network,
significance, challenges, and the impact it has on the lives of the city's residents.
History and Network:
The Mumbai suburban railway system, commonly known as Mumbai Local Trains, boasts a
rich history dating back to 1853 when the first passenger train in India ran from Mumbai to
Thane. Over the years, the network has expanded to become one of the most extensive
suburban rail systems globally. Divided into three main lines – Western, Central, and Harbour
– the network spans a staggering distance of approximately 465 kilometers, encompassing over
135 stations.
Significance and Commuter Base:
Mumbai Local Trains play a pivotal role in the lives of commuters, seamlessly connecting the
city's bustling suburbs to the commercial and financial districts. The trains are the primary
mode of transportation for a vast number of people, including office-goers, students, laborers,
and traders. With affordable fares, Mumbai Local Trains ensure accessibility for people from
all socio-economic backgrounds.
Efficiency and Frequency:
One of the striking aspects of Mumbai Local Trains is their exceptional frequency and
efficiency. During peak hours, trains operate at intervals as short as three to five minutes,
enabling commuters to board a train promptly and reach their destinations without significant
waiting times. The punctuality and reliability of the train system make it the preferred choice
for time-sensitive travelers who depend on reaching their destinations promptly.

Crowds and Challenges:

The popularity of Mumbai Local Trains also presents certain challenges, particularly related
to overcrowding. As millions of commuters rely on the trains daily, especially during rush
hours, overcrowded compartments are a common occurrence. Passengers often find
themselves squeezed into packed trains, making for a challenging and uncomfortable journey.
Nevertheless, the authorities have implemented measures to mitigate this issue, including the
introduction of women-only compartments and initiatives to discourage unauthorized travel.
Impact on Daily Life:
Mumbai Local Trains have a profound impact on the daily lives of the city's residents. The
train system facilitates seamless travel, connecting people from distant suburbs to their
workplaces, educational institutions, and social engagements. The reliability and affordability
of the trains empower commuters to plan their schedules efficiently and save valuable time
that would otherwise be wasted in traffic congestion.
Safety and Security:
Ensuring the safety and security of passengers remains a paramount concern for the Mumbai
Local Train system. Railway authorities have implemented various measures to enhance
passenger safety, including CCTV surveillance, emergency alarm systems, and increased
police presence at stations. Additionally, the introduction of modern technologies and ticketing
systems has improved efficiency and reduced instances of fare evasion.

Metro in Mumbai
The Metro train system in Mumbai has revolutionized urban transportation, offering a reliable,
efficient, and eco-friendly mode of travel. With ongoing expansion plans and the promise of
enhanced connectivity, the Metro network continues to shape the city's transportation
landscape. The Metro trains in Mumbai have garnered significant attention for their numerous
benefits and positive impact on commuting.
One of the major advantages of the Metro train system is its ability to alleviate traffic
congestion. Mumbai is notorious for its heavy traffic, and the introduction of Metro trains has
provided an alternative mode of transportation for a large number of people. As more
commuters choose the Metro over private vehicles or buses, the roads are less burdened,
resulting in smoother traffic flow and reduced travel times for those who still opt for other
modes of transport
Inception and Network Expansion:
The idea of introducing Metro trains in Mumbai was conceptualized to address the escalating
transportation needs of the city's growing population. The Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation
(MMRC) was established to oversee the development and expansion of the Metro network.
The first line, known as Line 1 or the Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar (VAG) line, became
operational in 2014. Since then, the network has witnessed substantial expansion with the
construction of additional lines, including Line 2A, Line 2B, and Line 3.
Current Network and Connectivity:
The Metro train network in Mumbai has gradually expanded, connecting different parts of the
city and easing the burden on existing modes of transportation. Presently, Line 1 spans
approximately 11 kilometers, with 12 operational stations, providing connectivity between
Versova and Ghatkopar. Line 2A, currently under construction, will connect Dahisar to D.N.
Nagar, while Line 2B will link D.N. Nagar to Mandale. Line 3, also known as the Colaba-
Bandra-SEEPZ line, is under construction and will be the longest metro line in India, spanning
33.5 kilometers.

Impact on Commuting:
The introduction of Metro trains in Mumbai has had a profound impact on the daily commute
of residents. The Metro offers a faster, more reliable, and comfortable alternative to traditional
modes of transportation. Commuters can avoid the hassles of traffic congestion and long travel
times, saving valuable hours in their daily routines. The Metro has become a preferred choice
for office-goers, students, and tourists, facilitating seamless travel across the city.
Benefits of Metro Trains:
The Metro train system in Mumbai brings several benefits to commuters and the city as a
whole. Firstly, it reduces road congestion, as a significant number of people choose Metro
trains over private vehicles or buses. This helps alleviate traffic woes and improves overall
traffic flow. Secondly, Metro trains provide a more environmentally friendly mode of
transportation, reducing carbon emissions and contributing to a greener Mumbai. Additionally,
the Metro system enhances connectivity, allowing residents to access different parts of the city
with ease and efficiency.
Challenges and Mitigation Measures:
Implementing and expanding the Metro train system in a densely populated city like Mumbai
comes with its own set of challenges. Construction activities often cause inconvenience to
residents, and the acquisition of land for stations and depots can be complex. To mitigate these
challenges, authorities have focused on community engagement, conducting regular
stakeholder consultations and adopting measures to minimize disruptions during construction.
Efforts are also made to ensure smooth integration with other modes of transportation,
including bus and suburban train networks.
Future Prospects:
The future of Metro trains in Mumbai appears promising, with plans for further expansion and
the introduction of new lines. Proposed projects include the ambitious Metro lines 4, 5, 6, and
7, which will further enhance connectivity across the city and its suburbs. These developments
aim to meet the increasing transportation demands of Mumbai's growing population and
promote sustainable urban mobility.

Delay in Mumbai Metro construction
The construction of the Mumbai Metro, a transformative urban transportation project aimed at
easing traffic congestion and improving connectivity, has encountered significant delays,
sparking concerns among commuters and stakeholders. This essay delves into the reasons
behind the delays, the challenges faced during construction, the impact on commuters and the
city, as well as the measures taken to address these issues.
Mumbai, often referred to as the "City of Dreams," is a bustling metropolis that has
experienced exponential population growth over the years. With its sprawling landscape,
congested roads, and inadequate public transportation infrastructure, Mumbai has been
grappling with severe traffic congestion and commuting woes. In response to these challenges,
the Mumbai Metro was conceived as a game-changing solution, promising to revolutionize the
way people travel within the city.
The inception of the Mumbai Metro was met with great enthusiasm and hope, as residents
anticipated the introduction of a modern, efficient, and reliable mode of transportation.
However, as the construction of the Metro progressed, it became evident that the project was
plagued by delays, raising questions about its timely completion and effectiveness in
addressing the city's transportation needs.
Understanding the reasons behind these delays is crucial in comprehending the complexities
involved in executing such a massive infrastructure project. The construction of the Mumbai
Metro entails navigating through a maze of bureaucratic processes, obtaining necessary
clearances, acquiring land for stations and depots, and ensuring the smooth coordination
among various stakeholders involved. These factors, coupled with the intricate and densely
populated urban fabric of Mumbai, have posed significant challenges and contributed to the
protracted delays experienced in the project.
The delays in the construction of the Mumbai Metro have had far-reaching implications for
both commuters and the city's overall development. With the Metro yet to be fully operational,
commuters continue to endure the daily struggles of overcrowded buses, trains, and congested
roads, leading to increased travel times, stress, and reduced productivity. The absence of
efficient Metro connectivity has hindered accessibility and mobility, hindering the smooth
functioning of businesses, educational institutions, and daily life for millions of residents.
Furthermore, the economic impact of these delays cannot be understated. The Metro project
was envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth, with its potential to transform and revitalize
areas along its corridors. However, the delays have hampered the timely completion of
commercial projects and the creation of job opportunities, impacting the overall economic
progress of the city and its residents.
To address these challenges, authorities and the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRC)
have implemented various measures. These include enhanced coordination among different
government agencies, improved communication channels, and the adoption of innovative
construction techniques and project management practices. By streamlining decision-making
processes, leveraging modern technologies, and prioritizing stakeholder consultations, efforts
are being made to expedite the completion of the Metro projects and minimize the
inconvenience faced by commuters.
The delays encountered in the construction of the Mumbai Metro have raised concerns about
the timely completion and efficacy of this vital urban transportation initiative. The challenges
inherent in executing such a complex project in a densely populated and infrastructure-
constrained city like Mumbai cannot be overlooked. However, through concerted efforts,
collaboration, and the implementation of efficient construction practices, the authorities remain
committed to realizing the transformative potential of the Mumbai Metro, ultimately providing
the city with a modern, efficient, and sustainable mode of transportation.
The construction of the Mumbai Metro has faced numerous challenges and delays, impacting
the completion timeline and escalating project costs. The Navi Mumbai Metro Rail link,
originally slated for completion in December 2014, has faced multiple extensions, with the
current deadline set for December 2017. The delays have led to a significant cost increase, with
the project's budget escalating from Rs. 1,985 crore to Rs. 3,000 crore.
Similarly, the Colaba-Bandra-Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ) corridor

has encountered slow progress due to opposition from environmental groups. The construction
process requires the removal of approximately 2,500 trees, leading to legal interventions by
several NGOs. The Bombay High Court has issued a stay on tree cutting activities, further
impeding the project's advancement.
Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 10 | P a g e

The Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRC) has cited socio-economic issues as a primary
cause for the delays. NGOs have expressed concerns about the proposed car shed at Parjapur
near Aarey colony, while residents have opposed the cutting of trees near the proposed stations.
These issues have posed significant hurdles for the project's implementation.
Despite the challenges, progress has been made in various aspects of the Metro construction.
The MMRC has divided the civil work into seven packages, and activities such as geo-
technical investigations, utility trenching surveys, and secant piling work are underway.
However, the presence of dense utility service lines along the entire stretch has necessitated
the rerouting of these services, leading to further delays.
Land acquisition and issues related to project-affected persons (PAP) in slum areas,
particularly in Asalpha between Saki Naka and Ghatkopar, have also contributed to the
setbacks. These challenges, combined with the ambitious plans of the MMRC and MMRDA
to complete the proposed 172km Metro Rail Master Plans, present ongoing physical obstacles
for the remaining portions of the project.
Operational Metro lines have also faced financial challenges, as concessionaires claim to be
operating at a loss due to the lack of fare increases. Mumbai Metro One Private Limited
(MMOPL), which operates Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro (Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar
corridor), is a public-private partnership (PPP) between Reliance Infrastructure, the Mumbai
Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), and Veolia Transport RATP Asia,
France. Reliance Infrastructure holds a majority stake in MMOPL and has reported a daily loss
of Rs. 1 crore due to the delayed fare revision.
The fare hike has been a point of contention between Reliance Infrastructure and the MMRDA,
with the latter opposing the increase and filing a petition in court to challenge the fare fixation
committee's decision. The Bombay High Court has imposed a stay on the fare revision, adding
further complexity to the financial sustainability of the operational Metro lines.
In conclusion, the construction of the Mumbai Metro has encountered significant delays and
challenges, impacting project timelines, costs, and operational viability. Socio-economic
issues, opposition from environmental groups, land acquisition hurdles, and financial disputes
have contributed to the setbacks. Despite these obstacles, efforts are being made by the
authorities to address the issues, coordination, and expedite the completion of the Metro project
Delay in Mumbai Metro Line 3

The completion of Mumbai's highly anticipated underground Metro Line 3 Colaba-SEEPZ-
Bandra corridor has experienced significant delays, now scheduled for completion in 2024.
The Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MMRCL) has announced a further six-month
delay for Phase 1, contingent upon resolving the issue of the Metro car shed land within the
next three months.
The initial deadline for the project was set for 2021, but various factors, including the challenge
of finding suitable land for the car shed, have contributed to the postponement. Delays in civil
and electrical work have also been reported, further impacting the project timeline.
Consequently, the work on the second phase of the Metro line, connecting Colaba and Bandra
Kurla Complex (BKC), has been deferred to mid-2025.
The underground Colaba-SEEPZ stretch will encompass a total of 27 underground stations,

including the recent addition of Navy Nagar as the first station on this line, following a 2.5 km
extension announced by the state government.
The previous Maharashtra government, led by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, had initially
planned the car shed at Aarey Colony. However, the current Chief Minister, Uddhav
Thackeray, scrapped the proposal due to opposition from environmentalists and declared that
the car shed would be relocated to Kanjurmarg.
Nevertheless, the Kanjurmarg site encountered numerous legal disputes, including claims by
the central government on the land, resulting in further complications. The Mumbai
Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) is currently exploring alternative
options for the car shed location, considering options beyond Aarey and Kanjurmarg lands.
The repeated postponements have caused a significant increase in the project cost of the
underground Metro Line 3 corridor, amounting to an additional Rs 10,000 crore, bringing the
total cost to Rs 33,406 crore. The 2.5 km extension mentioned earlier is expected to incur an
additional cost of Rs 2,031 crore.
To accommodate and test a prototype train, the MMRCL is constructing a temporary facility
at Sariput Nagar, situated near the Aarey car shed location.

The construction of the Metro-3 line in Mumbai has been a significant undertaking, with the
33.5-kilometer-long line being the city's first underground corridor. This project is set to
provide a crucial connection between the south and north of the city, linking several key
business districts, including the Bandra-Kurla Complex. With 26 of the 27 stations located
underground, this new line will also offer a convenient and comfortable commute to
passengers.
Apart from providing connectivity to various parts of the city, the Metro-3 line will also
connect with the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport. Additionally, the line will
link with railways, the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation, and other metro lines,
providing easy access to commuters at eight different locations.
However, the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRC) still faces some significant challenges
in implementing a completely integrated system. MMRC spokesperson, Gupta, noted that
integrating systems is a daunting task due to the underground nature of the metro. The geology
of the city, composed of marine clay and hard basalt rock, and the presence of the Mithi river,
add to the complexity of the task.
To achieve an integrated system, the trains running underground must coordinate with
signaling systems, and all technologies must communicate with each other. This requires an
extensive network of interconnected systems that are capable of running efficiently and safely.
MMRC continues to work towards ensuring the seamless operation of the Metro-3 line, with
the aim of providing a reliable and comfortable transportation option to the people of Mumbai.
The Underground metro
The tunnelling work for the Metro-3 project in Mumbai began in 2017 with the arrival of the
first tunnel boring machine (TBM) in the city. The Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRC)
has taken five years to complete the entire tunnelling process, and the Covid-19 pandemic has
also affected the progress of the project. However, it is the controversies surrounding the car
shed and its location in Aarey Colony that have led to major delays in the project.
The political tussle between the Shiv Sena and the Bharatiya Janata Party over the location of
the car shed in Aarey has been a major cause of concern for the project. Environmentalists and
activists have also staged multiple protests against the construction of the car shed in the Aarey

forest, highlighting the need to preserve the ecosystem and the habitat of the tribals living there.
Despite the controversies, the Supreme Court recently allowed the MMRC to pursue its
application before the Tree Authority for felling 84 more trees to construct a ramp for the
project. The agency has already cut over 2,000 trees in Aarey forest for the depot. With this
development, the MMRC can now proceed with the construction of the car shed, which it says
is crucial for commissioning the line.
The MMRC's next task is to complete the civil work and systems work. The civil work, which
includes building the stations, is 88% complete, while the systems work, which includes rolling
stocks, platform screen doors, signals, escalators, and tracks, is 43% done. However, the
MMRC is facing several challenges in completing the work, including congested areas like
Kalbadevi and Girgaon, where stations are being constructed very near buildings. Some areas
are also significant from a heritage point of view, making station construction even more
challenging.
Moreover, the geology of Mumbai, with its marine clay and hard basalt rock, and the fact that
the Mumbai Metro passes under the Mithi river in a particular stretch, adds to the complexity
of the project. The integration of systems is another daunting task, as the underground nature
of the metro requires coordination between the trains, signaling systems, and other
technologies.
According to Gupta, the MMRC's Managing Director, the agency is working simultaneously
on all aspects of the project, and it is progressing at the same speed. However, the agency has
a tight timeline to complete the work on the depot before commissioning the first line. Once
completed, the Metro-3 line will be a crucial link between the tip of south Mumbai and the
city's north, connecting business districts such as the Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) and
providing connectivity to the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.

Protest for Aaarey Colony
The proposed Metro 3 line is a part of Mumbai's metro network, which is being developed to
improve public transportation in the city. The car shed was planned to be built on 30 hectares
of land in Aarey Colony, which is home to over 5,000 trees and several species of wildlife,
including leopards and peafowl.
The delay in construction of the ramp for the metro car shed in Aarey Colony is causing a daily
loss of ₹5.87 crore and leading to cost escalation, the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited
(MMRCL) has claimed in its affidavit in Bombay high court. The MMRCL said this in
response to a public interest litigation (PIL) opposing the Tree Authority’s notice to cut 177
trees for the construction of the ramp. The nodal agency has stated that the Tree Authority
notice included trees that had grown since it had approached the Supreme Court in 2019 and
hence the removal of those trees was necessitated along with the 84 trees it had sought to cut.
The BMC also submitted an affidavit on behalf of its Tree Authority, justifying the notice to
cut 177 trees.
The division bench of acting chief justice SV Gangapurwala and justice SV Marne which was
hearing the public interest litigation filed by environment activist Zoru Bathena was informed
by advocate Zaman Ali that the PIL challenged the January 12 notice issued by the Tree
Authority following an application by MMRCL to cut 177 trees. The PIL stated that the notice
was in breach of the SC order. In November 2022 the SC allowed MMRCL to pursue its plea
for felling only 84 trees for the Metro project with the Tree Authority.
The MMRCL affidavit filed by Charuhas Jadhav, chief project manager stated that the last
survey pertaining to the application for removing trees was carried out in March 2019. Since
then, a period of three years and ten months has passed and four monsoon seasons have seen
additional tree growth, hence the said trees now fall within the said definition of trees to be
removed. The affidavit further added that an inventory of 185 affected trees was forwarded
and as per preliminary assessment, out of the existing affected 171 trees, about 47 trees could
be transplanted 124 trees were proposed for cutting. (Dodhiya, 2023)

A group of activists in Mumbai's Aarey Colony held a demonstration on Sunday, opposing the
construction of a Metro car shed and shouting slogans against the Maharashtra government's
decision to proceed with the project. The protestors held up banners and placards with
messages like "save Aarey forest" and raised their voices against the handing over of the land
to builders. They argued that Aarey is a forest comprising diverse wildlife and tribal inhabitants
and called for an end to the destruction of the forest in the name of the Metro car shed.
Environmentalists have long warned of the devastating impact that the construction of the car
shed would have on the Aarey forest. While the government has argued that the project is
necessary to improve transportation infrastructure in Mumbai, opponents have pointed out that
it comes at a great cost to the environment and local communities. Not only do leopards face
the threat of losing their habitat, but many other animals and birds also stand to lose their homes
and lives.
The construction of the Metro car shed in Aarey has been a source of controversy for several
years. When the Shiv Sena-NCP-Congress alliance came to power in 2019, then CM Uddhav
Thackeray reversed the previous government's decision to construct the car shed in Aarey and
instead shifted it to a site in the Kanjurmarg eastern suburb. Thackeray's government also
declared Aarey a reserved forest. However, this decision was later embroiled in a legal dispute.
In June 2021, the new Eknath Shinde government reversed Thackeray's decision and decided
to construct the car shed in Aarey. Former Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray made a fervent
appeal to the new government not to "stab Mumbai in its heart" by proceeding with the
construction. Despite these appeals, the government went ahead with its plans.
On August 30, the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited launched the trial run of the
Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ Metro line-3 at Sariput Nagar in the Aarey Colony. This move has
further angered opponents of the car shed, who argue that it is a sign of the government's
disregard for the environment and local communities.
The controversy surrounding the construction of the Metro car shed in Aarey is not likely to
die down anytime soon. With environmentalists and local residents continuing to voice their
opposition, the government will need to consider whether the benefits of the project outweigh
the costs. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the importance of protecting the
environment and preserving natural habitats, it is essential that governments take into account
the long-term consequences of their decisions.

Local Businesses on Lamington Road
Lamington Road, located in South Mumbai, is a popular commercial area known for its
electronics and computer hardware markets. The area is also home to many small, local
businesses that offer a wide range of goods and services.
One of the main types of local businesses on Lamington Road are the small electronics stores.
These stores offer a range of electronic goods, including mobile phones, laptops, computer
parts, and accessories. Many of these stores also provide repair services for electronic devices.
These businesses are popular with both locals and tourists, as they offer competitive prices and
personalized service.
Another type of local business found on Lamington Road are the jewelry shops. These shops
offer a variety of jewelry, ranging from traditional Indian designs to modern, contemporary
styles. They often specialize in gold and silver jewelry, and many offer custom-made pieces to
meet the specific needs of their customers. These businesses are often family-owned and
operated, with a focus on providing high-quality jewelry and personalized service.
Lamington Road is also home to many small businesses that provide a range of services,
including printing and photocopying, passport and visa services, and courier and shipping
services. These businesses offer convenient services for locals and tourists alike, and are often
operated by small teams or individuals who provide personalized service.
One of the challenges faced by local businesses on Lamington Road is competition from larger,
chain stores and ecommerce websites. Many local businesses struggle to compete with the
lower prices and wider selection offered by these larger retailers. However, many customers
still prefer to shop at local businesses, as they offer personalized service and a sense of
community that cannot be found at larger retailers.
Local businesses on Lamington Road provide a diverse range of goods and services, including
electronics, jewelry, and various services. These businesses are often family-owned and
operated, with a focus on personalized service and high-quality goods. While they face
competition from larger retailers and ecommerce websites, many customers still choose to shop
at local businesses for their unique offerings and sense of community.
Chapter 2
Research
Methodology

Statement of problem:
The construction of the Metro on Lamington Road has caused significant disruptions to local
businesses, including shops, restaurants, and other establishments. These disruptions include
increased traffic, noise pollution, and limited access to the area, which have all had a negative
impact on the businesses operating in the area. The aim of this study is to understand the extent
of the impact of the Metro construction on the local businesses, and to identify potential
solutions to mitigate these impacts. By doing so, the study can help to inform future
infrastructure projects in the area, and ensure that the needs and concerns of local businesses
are taken into account.
Objectives
• To understand the extent of impact of the Metro work on the local businesses on
Lamington Road.
• To identify the challenges faced by the local businesses due to the Metro work.
Limitations to Study
• The study may not be able to capture the long-term impact of the Metro work on the
local businesses.
• The study may be affected by the availability and willingness of the local businesses to
participate in the study.
• The study was focused only to the Lamington Road hence cannot be generalized to
other parts of country.
3.4.1 Source of data collection

In this study the data was collected through primary data source.
Primary Data Collection – Primary data collection refers to the process of gathering
original, firsthand data directly from the source, through methods such as surveys,
interviews, observations, and experiments. Primary data collection is typically used when
there is a lack of existing data on a particular topic or when the existing data is not sufficient
to address the research question. The Sample Size for the study used is 51.

Chapter 3
Data Collection and
Interpretation

Data Interpretation
1. How long have you been operating business on Lamington Road?
Time Period
2%
18%
80%
Less than 1 year 1 - 5 year 6 - 10 year More than 10 year
Figure 1 Time Period
From the above data majority of the respondents have businesses on Lamington Road for 6-
10 years which comprises of 80% of the total respondents
2. What was the approx per month income of your business before the metro
construction work started?
Income before metro work

0%
2%
39%
59%
Less than 9999 10,000 - 29,999 30,000 - 49,999 50,000 - 70,000 More than 70,000
Figure 2 Income before Metro Work
As per the data received the respondents had a per month income level of 50,000 – 70,000
Rs, which comprises of 59% of the total respondents,

3.Have you noticed a change in the footfall of customers visiting your store since the
beginning of the metro construction work?
Figure 3 Change in Footfall
4 . How has the metro construction work impacted your business operations?
(Ranking based on 1 being less affected and 5 being highly affected cause)
Ranking Impact
Rank 1 Reduced Sales
Rank 2 Difficulty in accessing the store
Rank 3 Reduced footfall of customers
Rank 4 Increased Cost
Table 1 Ranking of impacts
5. What was the approx per month income from business after the metro construction work
started ?
Income after Metro Construction

Work
0%
8%
27%
65%
Less than 9,999 10,000 - 29,999 30,000 - 49,999

50,000 - 70,000 More than 70,000
Figure 4 Income after Metro Work

6. Have you had to lay off or reduce the number of employees in your business due to the
impact of metro construction work.?
Layoff
Yes No
Figure 5 Layoff
As per the data, Majority of the respondents marked that they did not lay off any employees
during the metro construction work period.
7. Have you taken any steps to adapt your business to the current situation and attract new
customers?
Steps to adapt
Offers and Discounts Offer New product Marketing
Figure 6 Steps to adapt
Majority of the respondents used Offers and Discount as strategy or steps to adapt the
business to current situation.

Chapter 4
Conclusion

Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the construction of Metro work on
Lamington Road has a significant impact on the local businesses. The study reveals that the
construction has led to a decrease in footfall, sales, and revenue for the businesses. The
disruption caused by the construction work has led to inconvenience for the customers. The
findings also suggest that the impact of the construction work is more severe for small and
medium-sized businesses as compared to larger ones.
Despite the challenges faced by the local businesses, some of them have managed to adapt and
innovate to sustain their business during the construction period. The study suggests that
implementing measures such as providing alternative transportation routes, temporary
relocation of businesses, and compensation for losses incurred during the construction period
could help mitigate the negative impact on the businesses.
In conclusion, the construction of Metro work on Lamington Road has had a significant impact
on the local businesses, but with proper planning and support, it is possible to minimize the
negative impact and help the businesses sustain their operations during the construction period.

Annexure

Questionnaire
1. How long have you been operating business on Lamington Road?
2. What was the approx per month income of your business before the metro
construction work started ?
3. Have you noticed a change in the footfall of customers visiting your store since
the beginning of the metro construction work
4. How has the metro construction work impacted your business operations
5. What was the approx per month income from business after the metro
construction work started ?
6. Have you had to lay off or reduce the number of employees due to metro
construction work
7. Have you taken any steps to adapt your business to the current situation and
attract new customers?

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A

A study to understand the impact on local businesses due to

in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management and Research

under the guidance of

Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan

Mr. Yash Jadhav

“A study to understand the impact on local businesses due to

Dr. Shivaprasad Murugan Prof. Suhas Gharat

Yash Dhananjay Jadhav

Sr. No. Title Page No.

4.1 Ranking of impacts 23

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1.1 Metro Protest 26

1.2 Aarey Protest 27

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 1|Page

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 2|Page

Furthermore, the government has embarked on high-speed rail projects to revolutionize

The introduction of advanced technologies in airports, such as biometric-based passenger

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 3|Page

6. Smart Transportation Solutions

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 4|Page

carpooling platforms provide convenient and cost-effective transportation options for

History and Network:

Significance and Commuter Base:

Efficiency and Frequency:

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 5|Page

Crowds and Challenges:

Impact on Daily Life:

Safety and Security:

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 6|Page

Inception and Network Expansion:

Current Network and Connectivity:

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 7|Page

Benefits of Metro Trains:

Challenges and Mitigation Measures:

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 8|Page

Delay in Mumbai Metro construction

Similarly, the Colaba-Bandra-Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ) corridor

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 10 | P a g e

Delay in Mumbai Metro Line 3

The underground Colaba-SEEPZ stretch will encompass a total of 27 underground stations,

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 12 | P a g e

The Underground metro

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Protest for Aaarey Colony

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Local Businesses on Lamington Road

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3.4.1 Source of data collection

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 20 | P a g e

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Less than 1 year 1 - 5 year 6 - 10 year More than 10 year

Figure 1 Time Period

Income before metro work

Figure 2 Income before Metro Work

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Figure 3 Change in Footfall

Income after Metro Construction

Less than 9,999 10,000 - 29,999 30,000 - 49,999

Chetana’s R.K. Institute of Management & Research 23 | P a g e