Libro Fundamentos de Ecosonografia en Ginecología

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FUNDAMENTOS DE

ECOSONOGRAFÍA EN
GINECOLOGÍA

Dr. Sergio Marlon Villa Soxo


Dr. Jhon Jairo Guzman Galarza 1RA.
Dra. Paola Gabriela Jeton torres EDICIÓN
Dr. Wilson Leopoldo Siguencia Sanmartin
Dra. Narcisa Veronica Salazar Beckert
2 0 2 2
Indexado DOI: https://doi.org/10.16921/Naciones.29
ISBN: 978-9942-42-355-9
Con el AVAL

Comisión Médica Voluntaria


del Ecuador
Dr. Sergio Marlon Villa Soxo
Dr. Jhon Jairo Guzman Galarza
Dra. Paola Gabriela Jeton torres
Dr. Wilson Leopoldo Siguencia Sanmartin
Dra. Narcisa Veronica Salazar Beckert

1RA. 2022
EDICIÓN
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!``!TP!``
La ecografía se ha convertido en una
AUTORES prueba de imagen esencial en varias
especialidades médicas además de
la radiología en diferentes
especialidades (cardiología,
ginecología, urología, anestesiología,
reumatología, vascular, cirugía
digestiva, etc.). La utilidad del
ultrasonido en el campo de la
medicina interna, tanto en la
hospitalización como en la planta de
emergencia, es indiscutible.
El ultrasonido en la medicina de
emergencia está firmemente
Dr. Sergio Marlon Dr. Jhon Jairo establecido y reconocido en el
Villa Soxo Guzman Galarza proceso de diagnóstico de cualquier
paciente y el historial médico está
respaldado por dos pilares básicos
esenciales: anamnesis y examen
físico. El ultrasonido es un
instrumento para mejorar el
rendimiento de exploración, ya que
permite observar y medir múltiples
órganos que son difíciles de evaluar
con los métodos tradicionales
(inspección, palpación,
auscultación). Pero también permite
un diagnóstico efectivo en ciertas
enfermedades (enfermedad
cardíaca, patología biliar y renal,
Dra. Paola Gabriela Dr. Wilson Leopoldo trombosis venosa profunda), facilita
Jeton torres Siguencia Sanmartin el rendimiento de ciertos
procedimientos invasivos (tubos de
carretera central, toracocentesis,
paracentesis, etc.)

Dra. Narcisa Veronica


Salazar Beckert

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