CEP211L: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
INTRO. TO CONST. ESTIMATES (MS EXCEL
ORGANIZATION)
 Microsoft Office is a suite of applications designed to
help with productivity and completing common tasks
on a computer. This includes MS Word, MS
PowerPoint, MS Excel, MS Project, MS Outlook, MS
Teams, MS OneNote, MS SharePoint, MS Sway, MS
Forms, etc.
 Microsoft Excel is an application used for creating
and editing spreadsheets. Spreadsheets are
commonly used to working with sets of data
containing text and numbers and for generating
graphs and charts.
 Important Terms in MS Excel:
 An Excel file is known as workbook which is a
collection of worksheets (also known as
spreadsheets).
- Whenever a new Excel workbook is created, it is
named as Book1 and the sheet is named as Sheet1
by default.
- You may add, delete, rename and change the order
of the worksheets to your workbook by clicking the
“+” symbol near to the sheet.
 Worksheet is made from the intersections of rows
and columns which form what we call cell where data
is entered and interpreted.
- A worksheet can do multiple tasks like calculations,
data analysis, etc.
- In an Excel worksheet, columns are represented by
alphabets while rows are represented by numbers.
 Excel Interface is the main interface of an Excel
worksheet where we work, store and manipulate our
data that contains various components.
- The Excel Ribbon includes multiple tabs, each with
several groups of commands. Main tabs include File,
Home, Insert, Draw, Page Layout, Formulas, Data,
Reviews, View, and Help. Each tab has its own
distinct features.
 Formula Bar allows the user to write or edit data,
formula, or a function that will take place in a specific
cell.
 File Menu (Backstage View) – Whenever the File Tab
is clicked, the file menu also known as backstage
view will arise which contains the information of the
file and its options.
 Status Bar Modes – excel performs differently
depending on the existing mode.
a. Ready Mode – In this mode, nothing is being
written or edited on the spreadsheet.
b. Enter Mode – This is when you are doing data
entry in your workbook.
c. Edit Mode – the user is presently editing the
contents of the current cell. To edit the content
of a cell, double‐click the selected cell with data
in it or click the inside of the formula bar.
d. Point Mode – This is once the worksheet is used
when linking to cell addresses within a formula
or from an Excel dialog window.
INTRO. TO CONST. ESTIMATES (MS EXCEL
PROGRAMMING)
 MS Excel Programming – Programming is the
process of writing instructions that get executed by
computers. These instructions are written in a
programming language in which the computer can
comprehend and use to perform a certain task or
even solve a problem.
 Excel Functions & Formulas:
 Formula is an expression that works on value in a
range of cell/s.
Example: =A1+A2+A3+A4+A5
Which finds the total sum of the selected range of values
from cell A1 to cell A5.
 Function is a predefined formula to eliminate
lengthy manual entry of formulas.
- Any information/input you give to a function is called
an argument.
Example: =SUM(A1:A5).
This results with the same answer from formula which
gives the total sum on the values from cell A1 to A5.
 Formula/Function always starts with equal sign (=).
In function, it is followed by the function’s name,
open parenthesis, arguments, and close parenthesis.
 Basic MS Excel Functions:
 =SUM() – gives the total of the selected range of cell
values.
 =AVERAGE() – focuses on calculating the average of
the selected range of cell values.
 =COUNT() – counts the total number of cells in a
range that contains a number. It does not include the
cell, which is blank, and the ones that hold data in
any other format apart from numeric.
 =POWER() – returns the result of a number raised to
a certain power.
 =CONCATENATE() – merges or joins several text  Conditional Formatting: Home  Style 
strings into one text string. (cell 1,“ “,cell 2) Conditional Formatting  Manage Rules  New Rule
 =NOW() – gives the current system date and time. Its
result will change based on your system date and
time.
 =TODAY() – provides the current system date.
 =ROUND() – calculates the round number of a given
number with the number of digits to be provided as
an argument.
 =IF() – checks a given condition and returns a
particular value if it is TRUE. It will return another
value if the condition is FALSE.
 =COUNTIF() – counts the number of cells specified by
a given set of conditions.
- “Use a formula to determine which cells to format” >
 Useful Excel Commands:
“Edit the rule description:” Input cell and condition
 Orientation: Home  Alignment  Orientation
(note: format of cell should be =$An where A is the
column and n is the row) (i.e. =$An=”Passed”) >
Format > Ok > Select the range where you want it to
be applied > Apply > Ok

 Wrap Text: Home  Alignment  Wrap Text

 Freeze Panes: View  Window  Freeze Panes

 Group/Ungroup Data: Data  Outline 

Group/Ungroup

 Data Validation: Data  Data Tools  Data

Valdation  Source: Criteria for dropdown list (i.e.
Passed, Failed) > OK

 Other Functions:
 Maximum function returns the highest number in a
range of cells.
- =MAX(BEGINNING CELL:ENDING CELL)
Example: =MAX(A1:A100)  Finds the highest value  VLOOKUP function helps to search for a certain
from cells A1 through A100 criterion against a chosen column. It searches for the
 Minimum function returns the lowest number in a given condition/s and returns a matching value from
range of cells. another column.
- =MIN(BEGINNING CELL:ENDING CELL) - =VLOOKUP(LOOKUP VALUE,ARRAY,COLUMN
Example: =MIN(A1:A100)  Finds the lowest value NUMBER,ACCURACY)
from cells A1 through A100 Example: Concrete Proportion for Concrete Slab using
 Ceiling function may be used to round up a number Volume Method
to the next multiple of a specified number (referred
to by Excel as significance).
- For example, if the significance is 0.50, the CEILING
function will round up to the next 0.50 increment.
The CEILING function requires the user to indicate
the number or cell containing the number to be
rounded (Number) and the significance.
- =CEILING(NUMBER,SIGNIFICANCE) In order to solve this problem using Volume Method,
Example: =CEILING(143.145,0.50)  The specified the 1st step is to compute its volume. Using this
significance is 0.50. This will result to 143.50. volume as your constant multiplier, one must use the
 Floor function works in the same way as the CEILING
respective reference table to get the appropriate
function except it rounds down.
- =FLOOR(NUMBER,SIGNIFICANCE)
factors given the criteria (Class Mixture, Cement, Sand
Example: =FLOOR(143.145,0.50)  The specified and Gravel) from Table 1-2. See how the formula
significance is 0.50. This will result to 143.00. VLOOKUP helps us know what this value is without
 Trim function allows the users to remove manually inputting the said factor in the cell.
unnecessary extra trailing and leading spaces from
the cell.
- =TRIM(CELL)

 Proper function is a text function that allows the

users to make each of the entered text into a proper-
looking style or sentence cases into capitalizing the
1st letter of each word.
- =PROPER(CELL)

 Nested Function

 HLOOKUP function helps to search for a certain

criterion against a chosen row. It searches for the
given condition/s and returns a matching value from
another row.
- =HLOOKUP(LOOKUP VALUE,ARRAY,ROW
NUMBER,ACCURACY)
Example: Concrete Proportion for Concrete Slab using
Volume Method (same ex. As VLOOKUP)

 XLOOKUP function works for horizontal and vertical

chuchuness
- =XLOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_array,XLOOK
UP(lookup_value,lookup_array,return_array))
- lookup_value 1 is your class mixture selection
- lookup_array 1 parameter/row of class mixture (i.e.
A, B, C)
- lookup_value 2 is your slab thickness
- lookup_array 2 is your column for slab thickness (5-
30)