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Zimbardo Psych Make Difference 2005
Zimbardo Psych Make Difference 2005
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Philip G Zimbardo
Palo Alto University
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The intellectual tension between the virtues of basic versus scientific advisor for, and narrator of the 26-program PBS
applied research that characterized an earlier era of psy- TV series, Discovering Psychology (1990/2001). For this
chology is being replaced by an appreciation of creative general public audience, we have provided answers—as
applications of all research essential to improving the viewable instances—to their “so what?” questions. This
quality of human life. Psychologists are positioned to “give award-winning series is shown both nationally and inter-
psychology away” to all those who can benefit from our nationally (in at least 10 nations) and has been the foun-
wisdom. Psychologists were not there 35 years ago when dation for the most popular telecourse among all the An-
American Psychological Association (APA) President nenberg CPB Foundation’s many academic programs (see
George Miller first encouraged us to share our knowledge www.learner.org). Finally, as the 2002 president of the
with the public. The author argues that psychology is American Psychological Association, my major initiative
indeed making a significant difference in people’s lives; became developing a compendium of exemplars of how
this article provides a sampling of evidence demonstrating psychology has made a significant difference in our lives.
how and why psychology matters, both in pervasive ways This Web-based summary of “psychology in applied ac-
and specific applications. Readers are referred to a newly tion” has been designed as a continually modifiable and
developed APA Web site that documents current opera- updateable repository of demonstrable evidence of psycho-
tional uses of psychological research, theory, and method- logical knowledge in meaningful applications. In a later
ology (its creation has been the author’s primary presiden- section of this article, the compendium will be described
tial initiative): www.psychologymatters.org. more fully and some of its examples highlighted.
I was fortunate in my graduate training at Yale Uni-
D
versity (1954 –1960) to be inspired by three exceptional
oes psychology matter? Does what we do, and mentors, each of whom modeled a different aspect of the
have done for a hundred years or more, really relevance and applicability of basic psychology to vital
make a significant difference in the lives of indi- issues facing individuals and our society. Carl Hovland
viduals or in the functioning of communities and nations? developed the Yale Communication and Attitude Change
Can we demonstrate that our theories, our research, our Program after coming out of his military assignment in
professional practice, our methodologies, our way of think- World War II of analyzing the effectiveness of propaganda
ing about mind, brain, and behavior make life better in any and training programs (Hovland, Lumsdaine, & Sheffield,
measurable way? Has what we have to show for our dis- 1949). He went on to transform what was at that time a
cipline been applied in the real world beyond academia and complex, global, and vague study of communication and
practitioners’ offices to improve health, education, welfare, persuasion into identifiable processes, discrete variables,
safety, organizational effectiveness, and more? and integrative hypotheses that made possible both exper-
Such questions, and finding their answers, have al- imental research and applications (Hovland, Janis, &
ways been my major personal and professional concern.
First, as an introductory psychology teacher for nearly six
decades, I have always worked to prove relevance as well Editor’s note. Philip G. Zimbardo was president of APA in 2002. This
as essence of psychology to my students. Next, as an author article is based on his presidential address, delivered in Toronto, Canada,
of the now classic basic text, Psychology and Life (Ruch & at APA’s 111th Annual Convention on August 9, 2003. Award addresses
and other archival materials, including presidential addresses, are peer
Zimbardo, 1971), which claimed to wed psychology to life reviewed but have a higher chance of publication than do unsolicited
applications, I constantly sought to put more psychology in submissions. Presidential addresses are expected to be expressions of the
our lives and more life in our psychology (Gerrig & Zim- authors’ reflections on the field and on their terms as president. Both this
bardo, 2004; Zimbardo, 1992). To reach an even broader address and that of Robert J. Sternberg, the 2003 APA president, were
student audience, I have coauthored Core Concepts in presented at this convention to catch up on the year lag that had developed
in the last decade of giving presidential addresses.
Psychology (Zimbardo, Weber, & Johnson, 2002) that
strives to bring the excitement of scientific and applied
Author’s note. Correspondence concerning this article should be ad-
psychology to students in state and community colleges. dressed to Philip G. Zimbardo, Department of Psychology, Stanford
In order to further expand the audience for what is best University, Building 430, Mail Code 380, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail:
in psychology, I accepted an invitation to help create, be zim@stanford.edu
Instructions to Authors
For Instructions to Authors, please consult the January 2004 issue of the volume or visit
www.apa.org/journals/amp and click on Manuscript Submission Guidelines.