Review of Major Climate Concepts

A. What makes a better insulator, moist air or dry air? Explain.

B. What has more energy, 20g of iron at 50 °C or 20g of aluminum at 50 °C? Explain.
C. Explain why coastal cities experience fewer temperature fluctuations than inland cities.
D. Would you rather go surfing on the East Coast of Canada or the West Coast of Canada? Explain.
E. Explain why there is more diversity and abundance at the equator than at the poles.
F. What produces wind and water currents?
G. What is the relationship between each of the following:
a. Air temperature and density?
b. Temperature and altitude?
c. Altitude and Density?

H. Calculate the molar mass of the following:

a. C6H14 (hexane)
b. Ammonia
c. Nitrogen gas
d. C7H8 (toluene)
e. C2H5OH (ethanol)

I. Calculate the moles of the following:

a. 10.3g of ammonia
b. 12.0g of hexane
c. 4.3Kg of nitrogen gas
d. 34g of ethanol
e. 0.56 Kg of toluene

J. Calculate the mass of the following:

a. 3.4 mol of ethanol
b. 9.8 mol of nitrogen gas
c. 2.3 mol of ozone.

K. Calculate the following unknowns:

a. 405g of ethanol vapor condenses, how much energy is released?
b. 405g of ethanol is warmed from 20.0°C to 68.0°C.
c. 40kg of sea water cools from 16.00°C to 14.50°C.
d. 2.9 mol of toluene evaporates, how much energy is required?
e. If 560KJ of energy is used to vaporize hexane, how many moles of hexane were vaporized?
f. 890KJ of energy is released as nitrogen condenses, what mass of nitrogen was condensed?
g. Air in an oven absorbs 44KJ of energy as it is heated from 25°C to 300°C, what was the mass of the air?
h. Air in a humid bathroom cools from 35.0°C to 22°C. If 36KJ of energy was released, what was the mass of
the air?
i. 6.7 mol of solid ammonia is melted, what amount of energy was necessary for the state change?
j. Sea water evaporates from a tidal pool, if 4500J of energy is used, how many moles of sea water were
vaporized?
k. An unknown substance loses 2.0KJ of energy as it cools from 45.4°C to 13.2°C. If the mass of the substance
is 485g, what is its specific heat capacity? What substance is it?
L. For each of the following, identify as behavioral (B), physiological (P) or structural (S) adaptations + identify biome.
a. Coniferous trees have needles to reduce water loss.
_______ ______________
b. Fennec fox have large ears to increase evaporative cooling.
_______ ______________
c. C4 plants in the desert perform a special type of photosynthesis that minimizes water loss.
_______ ______________
d. Polar bears have black skin and clear fur to increase solar heat absorption.
_______ ______________
e. Some trees have small, spout shaped leaves to prevent water from pooling on them.
_______ ______________
f. Deciduous trees have broad (wide) leaves to increase surface area for sunlight capture.
_______ ______________
g. Ground squirrels hibernate during winter to avoid drastic seasonal changes in food availability
_______ ______________

M. What are the gases primarily responsible for the insulation of the Earth?
N. What is the difference natural and anthropogenic climate change?
O. What are some proposed governmental/regulatory solutions to climate change?
P. What are some scientific solutions to climate change?
Q. Identify the following as addressing Social (S), Economic (Ec), or Environmental (En) concerns.
a. Building a pipeline will infringe upon culturally significant lands of First Nations People.
_______
b. Carbon Taxation will impact small business owners and discourage trade.
_______
c. Windmills are big and disrupt view of the landscape.
_______
d. Wind power is less detrimental to air quality than coal.
_______
e. Solar cells are costly to install.
_______
f. Solar cells will eventually provide a return investment as owners can sell energy back to the grid.
_______
g. Alternate energy sources could diversify the energy market and create competition among businesses.
_______
h. Plastic garbage contributes to the buildup of toxins in fish.
_______
i. Using wood as a building material is aesthetically pleasing.
_______
j. Using wood as a building material increases long term carbon storage as wood is a carbon sink.
_______

R. Mechanical systems with multiple steps are considered more efficient or less efficient? Explain.
S. To decrease cost, how would you design a system that provides energy to homes and businesses?
T. How have changes in climate impacted the:
a. Atmosphere

b. Lithosphere

c. Hydrosphere

d. Biosphere