MODULE 5: FREUD’S PSYSCHOANALYTIC THEORY Anal Stage (18 months – 3 years)

 Most popular and controversial psychologist who  The child’s focus of pleasure is the anus. The child finds satisfaction
studied the development of personality. in eliminating and retaining feces.
 According to him, each stage of development is  According to Freud, success at this stage is dependent on the toilet
marked by conflicts that can be build growth or training.
stifle development, depending upon how that are
resolved.  ANAL EXPULSIVE – where person becomes messy and
disorganized.
 He identified specific “erogenous zones” or
“pleasure zones” for each development.  ANAL RETENTIVE – obsession with cleanliness, perfection and
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud
control.
 If certain issues are not resolved in this specific zones, fixations can
occur. Phallic Stage (ages 3 to 6)

 Fixations are attachments to people or things that persist from  The pleasure zone are the genitals.
childhood to adulthood.  In this stage, children become interested in difference between boys
and girls.

FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Oral Stage (birth to 18 months)
 The erogenous zone is the mouth. The child is focused on oral
pleasure.
 If they cannot satisfy this need or over indulged, they may become
fixated in the oral stage.
 Manifest habits like smoking, overeating, alcohol abuse, nail biting,
too much talking.
 A person who is dissatisfied in this stage may develop an ORAL
RECEPTIVE CHARACTER.
 Becomes dependent on others or he/she lacks leadership traits.
 A person who is over indulged in this stage may develop an ORAL
AGGRESSIVE CHARACTER.
 One may become self-centered, demanding, sarcastic, verbally abuse
to others and aggressive and the person gossips a lot.
 Freud believe that during this stage, boys develop an unconscious
sexual desire for their mothers and they see their fathers as a rival
for their mother’s love. This feeling is what Freud called “Oedipus
Complex”
 Boys may fear that their father may punish them for such feelings,
thus
 Castration Anxiety – it is a concept where in a son is afraid that his
father will damage his genitals because of his sexual feelings
towards his mother.
Result:
They repress their feelings towards their mothers and identify
themselves with their father, develop masculine characteristic and
identify themselves as males.
 They also develop unconscious attraction towards their father and
they called it “Electra Complex”.
  If the males experience Castration Anxiety, the females according to
Freud experience Penis Envy.
 Where the daughter is initially attached to her mother, but then she
realizes she lacks of a penis. She then represses her desire for her
father and incorporates the values of her mother instead.
Latency Stage (6 to Puberty)
 Sexual urges remain repressed. The children’s focus on physical and
academic growth.
 This stage is important in the development of social and
communication skills and self-confidence.
 Fixation at this stage can result in immaturity and inability to form
fulfilling relationships.
Genital Stage (Puberty onwards)
 Sexual urges awakened. So adolescent focus their sexual urges
towards the opposite sex peers, pleasure centered on genitals.
 Where in earlier stages the focus was solely on individual needs,
interest in the welfare of others grows during this stage.
 The goal of this stage is to establish a balance in the various life
areas.
FREUD’S PERSONALITY COMPONENTS
 ID
 EGO
 SUPEREGO
ID
 This is an unconscious part of your personality.
 A child is born with the ID.
 Nothing else matters to the ID except the satisfaction of its own
needs regardless of the reality and consequences. If it wants
something, it must get it no matter what.
 It operates on a pleasure principle, always wants to increase pleasure
and decrease pain.
 It responds directly and immediately to basic urges, needs, and
desires regardless of the consequences.
 It is ILLOGICAL, it is UNREASONABLE, it is PRIMITIVE
EGO
 It is the decision-making component of personality.
 Ego operates on reality principle and it helps you do things that are
acceptable by the society.
 That ego enables the person to control his/her impulses and
demonstrate self-control.
SUPEREGO
 Your morality.
 It controls the id’s impulse and persuades the ego to be more
moralistic.
The superego consists of two systems:
Conscience – can punish the ego through causing feelings of guilt.
Ideal Self – (or ego-ideal) is an imaginary picture of how you ought
to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people,
and how to behave as a member of society.
 The ideal self and conscience are largely determined in childhood
from the inculcated parental values.
“THE ID IS THE PRIMITIVE AND INSTINCTUAL”
“THE SUPEREGO OPERATES AS A MORAL CONSCIENCE”
 “THE EGO IS THE REALISTIC PART THAT MEDIATES Unpleasant contents:
BETWEEN THE DESIRES OF THE ID AND THE SUPEREGO”
Pain
Anxiety
THE THREE COMPONENTS AND PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT
Conflict
 Freud said that a well-adjusted person is one who has strong ego,
who can help satisfy the need of the id without going against the SUBCONSCIOUS or PRECONSCIOUS
superego while maintaining the person’s sense of what is logical,  Consists of anything that could possibly be brought into the
practical and real. conscious mind
 If the id exerts too much power over the ego, the person becomes
too impulsive and pleasure-seeking behavior takes over one’s life.
 One may find superego so strong that the ego is overpowered. The
person becomes harsh and judgmental to himself and others’ action.
 Freud believed that the personality of an individual is formed early
during the childhood years.

TOPOGRAPHICAL METHOD
 Conscious
 Unconscious
 Subconscious or Preconscious

https://www.vwu.edu/about/img/iceberg.jpg
Freud describe the mind in the distinct levels, each with their own roles and
functions
REFERENCES:
CONSCIOUS
 https://youtu.be/VfSMR2o9xjo?si=A7PC1CdyHHp49zxq
 The conscious mind contains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings,  https://youtu.be/Ihcp5eK5niw?si=HraNLSHXqLbCBS3s
and wishes of which we are aware at any given moment  https://youtu.be/UhvTLcV-DMQ?si=R8G-5wjnDj5nipIO
UNCONSCIOUS
 A reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside Reporter: Mansor, Princess Aliyah M.
of conscious awareness.