Science Research Journal 27

NeuroQuantology | September 2023 | Volume 21 | Issue 7 |Page 46-54| doi: 10.48047/nq.2023.21.7.
nq23005
Rabia Wajahat et al/ KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRATICE RELATED TO RISK FACTORS OF NECK PAIN IN SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY
TEACHERS
KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRATICE

RELATED TO RISK FACTORS OF NECK PAIN
IN SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
Rabia Wajahat , Nadeem Asghar, Farooq Isalam
Author’s information
Rabia Wajahat (Dpt)
Nadeem Asghar (Bsc (Hons) MS.SPT)
Farooq Islam (Phd scholar)
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study is to access the knowledge, Attitude and Practice 46
related to the risk factors of neck pain in school and university teachers.
Method: A Descriptive cross-sectional (KAP) was conducted, and data was collected from
university and school teachers. 359 questionnaire were distributed among the teachers with
age( >25 to>45) years who has 3 years of working experience. A performa was used to
collect the data. Data was analyzed to calculate the results through statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: The age range in this study was (>25 to >45).There were 8.60% mens and 91.40%
females. Overall knowledge was present in 66%, 24.2% had no knowledge, and 9.7% were
unsure. According to attitudes, 0.3% strongly disagreed and 1.4% disagreed. 23.1% were
neutral, 59.9% agreed, and 15.3% strongly agreed. In practice 11.4% has no difficulty.The
difficulty level for 29.2% is modest. The difficulty level is moderate at 29.0%. 25.9% have a
high difficulty level, while 4.5% have a very high difficulty level. The relation between
Knowledge and practice was significant (p<0.5), and relationship between Attitude and
Practice was also significant (p<0.5)
Conclusion: Most teachers with a high age had awareness about the risk factors of neck
pain as a result of their lecturing positions, but most lecturers with a low age had poor
knowledge. The variables showed significant relationship between knowledge and attitude
of the teachers. And relationship between knowledge and practices were also significant
Keywords: Neck pain, lecturing ,teaching , prevention strategies, knowledge , attitude ,
practice
DOI Number: 10.48047/nq.2023.21.7.nq23005 NeuroQuantology2023;21(7):46-54
Introduction: problems, including a tense neck from

Teachers are among the professions repetitive movements.2
where there is a greater risk of neck Teachers more frequently experience
pain.1There are numerous risk factors for neck pain, particularly those who use
neck pain, including variables related to computers frequently. It is clear that
the workplace environment and there are many different individual,
psychosocial aspects. Poor armrests, desk physical, and psychosocial factors that
heights, and posture cause a variety of contribute to and have an impact on the
multifaceted causes of neck pain at work.
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NeuroQuantology | September 2023 | Volume 21 | Issue 7 |Page 46-54| doi: 10.48047/nq.2023.21.7.nq23005
TEACHERS
The goal of this study was to look at the discovered that among teachers, being
risk factors for teachers' neck pain.3 female, old age, and emotional status
Teachers represent a profession that were all substantially connected with
looks to be exposed to and at risk for neck developing problemsalso discovered that
pain as a result of their regular job duties. among teachers, being female, old age,
Teachers have a variety of daily tasks that and emotional status were all
they might complete that prominently substantially linked to neck pain.8
include head-down postures, such as Neck discomfort is the primary cause of
planning lessons, reading often, physical and occupational disability in
evaluating/marking students, and writing people under the age of 45. Age, sex,
on a blackboard in bad working working in an uncomfortable position,
conditions.4 often carrying heavy objects, and
Three elements of risk factors has physically demanding employment all up
identified that contribute to occupation- the risk of neck pain.9Neck discomfort is a
related neck pain: individual factors (age, prevalent complaint in developing nations.
gender and length of employment), Psychosocial variables, physical factors,
physical factors (working with computer individual characteristics, and perceived
or visual display unit, working posture and muscular stress are among the key risk
duration) and psychosocial factors (job factors for neck pain.By providing 47
stress, job satisfaction, work demand and information and effective prevention
colleague support)5 methods, neck pain risk factors will be
Neck discomfort is frequently caused by reduced.
psychological risk factors, including
chronic stress, a lack of social support, METHODOLOGY
anxiety, and depression.6The fourth most INCLUSION CRITERIA
prevalent health condition for years spent  Those who are willing to fill the
with a disability worldwide is neck performa were included
discomfort.The share of resources  and those who have atleast 2 years
allocated to treating neck discomfort in of teaching experience.
the global health system is rising DATA COLLECTION
quickly.Teaching staff at universities PROCEDURE
frequently report having neck This study was conducted in district
problems.Disorders causing neck pain are Gujranwala and Gujrat Punjab Pakistan.
more prevalent in women and have a Data of 359 were collected trough non-
variety of biopsychosocial characteristics probability judgemental sampling using a
in common. Small or tall height are self-made proforma. After taking written
anthropometric characteristics that are consent ,necessary demographic data
related.Increased computer use and including age, gender. The participant
sitting time are examples of lifestyle were selected who meet inclusion and
variables. Depression, poor mental health, exclusion criteria. Individuals of age >25-
stress, and psychological anguish are >45 were included. This study was
examples of psychological factors.7 completed within 4 months after the
When compared to other working groups, approval of synopsis. A pilot study was
research have shown that neck pain (NP) also conducted at synopsis time.
is one of the most common problems STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
among teachers.In a different study, Data was entered and analysed using
factors such as gender, lack of physical statistical packages for social sciences
activity, and unpleasant back supports (SSPS) software version 20. For
were strongly linked to higher NP. Other descriptive analysis, mean and standard
factors were age, weight, the number of deviation, will be calculated for
children, and years of teachingalso quantitative variables whereas frequency
TEACHERS
and percentages will be calculated for Informed consent was obtained from the
qualitative variables. For the significance , teachers in the study. We also obtained
Chi Square test was applied for qualitative permission from teachers of school and
data. All results was calculated at 95% university to conduct the investigation. All
confidence interval and p-value <0.05 was information and data collection were kept
considered as a significant value, confidential.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
RESULTS
48
Figure 1: Graphical Distribution of Age
TEACHERS
49
Figure 2: Graphical Distribution of Gender 31(8.61%) were male and 328

(91.36%) were female.
Figure 3. knowledge level of participants

Figure 3 shows knowledge level of participants.237(66%) have knowledge 87 (24.2) had not
knowledge and 35(9.7) were not sure.
TEACHERS
50
Figure 4. shows attitude level of participants

Figure 4 shows attitude level of participant 1(0.3%) were strongly disagree 5(1.4%) were
disagree 83(23.1%) were neutral 215(59.9%) were agree 55(15.3%) were strongly agree
Figure 5. Practice level of participant

Figure 5 shows practice level of participant 41(11.4%) had no difficulty 105(29.2%) had low
difficulty 104(29%) had moderate 93(25.9) had high difficulty 16(4.5%)had very high
difficulty
Cross-tabulation:
TEACHERS
Knowledge * Practice Crosstabulation
Count
Practice Total
No Low Moderate High Very High

Difficulty in Difficulty in Difficulty in Difficulty in Difficulty in
Practices Practices Practices Practices Practices
Yes 13 60 78 73 13 237
Knowled
No 27 38 13 7 2 87
ge
Not
1 7 13 13 1 35
Sure
Total 41 105 104 93 16 359
Table 4 51
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig. (2-
Value df sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 71.605a 8 .000
Table 5
A total of 359 questionnaires were moderate 7 have high and 2 participant

distributed, for data analysis total of 359 have very high difficulty in practices.Total
almost 237 had knowledge about risk of 359 only 35 participant were not sure
factors of neck in which 13 participant about study 1 percent participant have no
have no difficulty in practices 60 have low difficulty 7 have low difficulty 13 have
difficulty and 78 moderate and 73 have moderate 13 have high difficulty and 1
high difficulty and 13 participant have percent participant have very high
very high difficulty in practices. from 359, difficulty. According to Chi-square test our
87 participant have no knowledge about value is (.000) less than(< 0.5 ) which
risk factors of neck pain in which 27 have means that P value is significant.
no difficulty 38 have low difficulty 13 have
Attitude * Practice Cross tabulation

Count
Practice Total
No Low Moderate High Very High
Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty
in in in in in
Practices Practices Practices Practices Practices
strongly
1 0 0 0 0 1
Attit disagree
ude disagree 2 0 2 1 0 5
neutral 3 22 19 32 7 83
TEACHERS
agree 34 62 67 45 7 215
strongly
1 21 16 15 2 55
agree
Total 41 105 104 93 16 359
Table 6
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig. (2-
Value df sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 39.884a 16 .001
Table 7
359 were the total participant in which 1 proforma were applied to check the
percent of the participant were strongly knowledge , attitude and practice about
disagree about the attitude 1 of the the risk factors of neck in university and
participant have no difficulty in practices school teachers. The answers of questions
no have low difficulty no percent of the were encoded in SPSS software version 20
participant have moderate difficulty no and details of analysed results are being 52
have moderate difficulty and no one have discussed. The 66% had knowledge about
very high difficulty in practices.From total risk factor of neck pain while 24.2% has
only 5 percent of the participant are no knowledge and 9.7% were not sure.
disagree about attitude 2 percent has no While attitude related to the knowledge is
difficulty no one have low difficulty 2 satisfactory 59.9% and practice has low in
percent have moderate difficulty 1 difficulty was 29.2%. The cross relation
percent have high difficulty and no one between between the knowledge and
have very high difficulty.From total 83 practice in which from total 359 237 had
percent were neutral about attitude 3 knowledge and 13 had no difficulty 60
have no difficulty 22 percent have low had low difficulty 78 had moderate 73 has
difficulty 19 percent have moderate high and 13 had very high difficulty in
difficulty 32 percent has high difficulty practices 67 had no knowledge in which
and 7 percent have very high difficulty 27 has no difficulty 38 has low difficulty
about practices. From total participant 13 has moderate 7 has high and 2 has
215 was agree about attitude 34 has no very high difficulty from total 359,35 were
difficulty 62 has low difficulty 67 has not sure in which 1 percent has no
moderate difficulty 45 has high and 7 difficulty 7 have low difficulty 13 percent
percent has very high difficulty. 55 out of as moderate difficulty 13 has high and 1
359 were strongly agree about attitude of percent were has very high difficulty in
risk factors of neck pain 1 percent has no practices. Chi Square results shows value
difficulty 21 percent has low difficulty 16 0.000 which means that p value is
percent have moderate 15 have high and significant .Another cross relation
2 percent have very high difficulty. between Attitude and practice in which
According to Chai-square test our value total population were 359 in which total 1
(.001) is (<0.5) which means that p value percent were strongly disagree in which 1
is significant percent has no difficulty in practices and 0
DISCUSSION have low difficulty and 0 have moderate 0
This study is Knowledge, Attitude and has high and 0 has very high difficulty in
Practice about the risk factors of neck practices. From total 5 were disagree in
pain in 359 university and school teachers. which 2 percent have no difficulty and 0
The range of age was above 25-45. A percent have low difficulty 2 percent had
TEACHERS
moderate 1 percent had high difficulty two hundred eighty seven men (58.3%)
and 0 percent had very high difficulty in participated, with 30.1% of participants
practices from total 83% were neutral 3 under the age of 30 and 29.7% between
percent had no difficulty 22 percent had the ages of 30 and 39, 26.9% between the
low difficulty 19 percent had moderate 32 ages of 40 and 49, and 13.3% beyond the
had high and 7 percent had very high age of 50. With a mean of 39 working
difficulty from total 359 215% were hours per week, the average length of
neutral in which 34 percent had no employment was 10.6 years.18.1% of
difficulty 62 had low difficulty 67 percent people who experienced neck pain in the
had moderate difficulty 45 had high and 7 past 12 months complained of it
percent had very high difficulty in continuously, making up a total of 45.5%
practices. 55 from total had 1 percent had of the population. 64.3% of the patients
no difficulty 21 percent had low 16 overall claimed there was a connection
percent had moderate difficulty 15 between their neck pain and their current
percent had high and 2 percent had very job. 3
high difficulty in practices Chi Square
results shows(0.001) which means that p CONCLUSION: Most teachers with a high
value is significant this study is specifically age had awareness regarding the risk
investigated the knowledge , attitude and factors connected with the development 53
practice of lecturer about developing risk of neck as a result of their lecturing
factors of neck pain none has explored positions, but most lecturers with a low
knowledge attitude and practice about age had poor knowledge. .There is a need
risk factors of neck pain in university and to educate lecturer on occupation and
school teachers. work station. The variables showed
This study looked into lecturers' significant relationship between
understanding of the risk factors and knowledge and attitude of the teachers.
available preventative measures for neck And relationship between knowledge and
pain caused by teaching. 200 lecturers at practices were also significant
Bayero University Kano were included in LIMITATIONS
this study. Using a validated self-  Medical teachers are
administered questionnaire, we excluded.
investigated their understanding of  Missing data will be
related risk factors and preventative excluded.
tactics. With the use of descriptive
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NeuroQuantology | September 2023 | Volume 21 | Issue 7 |Page 46-54| doi: 10.48047/nq.2023.21.7.

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRATICE

Introduction: problems, including a tense neck from

Figure 1: Graphical Distribution of Age

Figure 2: Graphical Distribution of Gender 31(8.61%) were male and 328

Figure 3. knowledge level of participants

Figure 4. shows attitude level of participants

Figure 5. Practice level of participant

Knowledge * Practice Crosstabulation

No Low Moderate High Very High

A total of 359 questionnaires were moderate 7 have high and 2 participant

Attitude * Practice Cross tabulation

European Spine Journal 2007; 16:

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