INTRO TO COM (REVIEWER)
COMMUNICATION - is the imparting,
exchange or conveyance of information.
> in all communication there is a messenger
and a receiver. An encoder and decoder.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
● INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
● INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
● GROUP COMMUNICATION
● PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
● MASS COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION -
● Internal Vocalization
● Introspective thinking
● The kind of communication you
would only do with yourself
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION -
● Communication with relationships
● Communicating with at least one
other
GROUP COMMUNICATION
● Goal oriented form including three or
more people
● It’s when a group of people
communicates within themselves for
a similar purpose.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
● Sender focused form where one
person is conveying to a larger
group.
MASS COMMUNICATION
● The form that is transmitted to the
masses through media
PROCESSES OF COMMUNICATION
TRANSMISSION MODEL -
● A one way process where a sender
transmits a message to a receiver.
● The sender ENCODES the
information and the receiver
DECODES it to receive it.
INTERACTION MODEL -
● Process where the role of sender
and receiver are passed and
switched around.
● Includes receiving FEEDBACK as a
response to a previously received
information.
TRANSACTION MODEL
● Process where communication isn’t
simply a transference of information,
but an interaction with effects
reaching past just feedback. The
effects, benefits the parties. The
negative effects are felt past just the
act of communication.
COMMUNICATION IS INTEGRATED INTO
OUR LIVES
● Academic
● Professional
● Personal
● Civic
COMMUNICATION MEETS NEEDS
● Physical needs
● Instrumental needs
● Relational needs
● Identity needs
Communication has Ethical Implications
What is GLOBALIZATION?
- The process by which the access to
things that have to cross borders
and great distances have become
more available. This can’t refer to
goods and information.
- In the context of ethics as well, we
have to be careful with how we
communicate when we have
globalization in consideration.
MEDIA LITERACY AND EVALUATION
MEDIA LITERACY - The ability to identify
different types of media, the messages they
are sending, and their quality.
- Being able to understand these
various forms of information with an
ability to make sense of what is
presented is key.
KEY CONCEPTS OF MEDIA LITERACY
● Media are Constructions
● Audiences negotiate meaning
● Media have commercial implications
● Media have Social and Political
Implications
● Each medium has a Unique
Aesthetic Form
> Media are Constructions
● Media have creators
● Media products are created by
individuals who make conscious and
unconscious choices about what to
include, what to leave out and how
to present what is included.
> Audiences negotiate meaning
● The audiences can see differently
● The meaning of any media is not
created solely by its producers but
is, instead, a collaboration between
them and the audience - which
means that different audiences can
take away different meanings from
the same product.
> Media have commercial implications
● There’s often money involved
● Most media production is a business
and must, therefore, make a profit.
> Media have Social and Political
Implications
● There’s a deeper causes and effects
● Media convey ideological messages
about values, power, and authority.
> Each medium has a unique Aesthetic
form
● Media acts in specific individual
ways
● The content of media depends in
part on the nature of the medium.
MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS
FREEDOM OF SPEECH - Is a principle that
supports the freedom of an individual or a
community to articulate their opinions and
ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship,
or legal sanction.
● The right to freedom of expression
has been recognized as a human
right in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and International
 Human Right Law by the United
Nations.
FREEDOM OF PRESS - or the
Freedom of Media is a principle that
communication and expression
through various media, including
printed and electronic media,
especially published materials,
should be considered a right to be
exercised freely.
ARTICLE 19 - United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights
REDUCED RIGHTS
- Immediately after the
adoption of the Proclamation,
all media facilities were
closed and leading
journalists were arrested.
LIMITATIONS OF FREE SPEECH
● SLANDER
● LIBEL
● THREATS AND INTIMIDATION -
CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER

- Everyone has the right to

freedom of opinion and
expression; this right
includes freedom to hold
opinions without interference
and to seek, receive, and
impart information and ideas
through any media
regardless of frontiers.

ARTICLE 3 - SEC 4
- No law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or
of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress
or grievances.

MARTIAL LAW 1972-1986

- A Reduction of Rights
- Because of the rising plot against
the Marcos administration, and more
importantly, the plaza Miranda
attacks, Ferdinand Marcos enacts
Presidential Proclamation 1081
which announces Martial Law.