Worksheet # 7

Analyzing and Evaluating a Historical Source

Historical Event: The Cry of Pugad Lawin
QUESTION: WHERE and WHEN DID THE CRY OF REBELLION HAPPEN?

Procedure:
1. Read the 2 primary sources provided (pages 65-68 Readings In Philippine History, Rex
Bookstore). You can search for other similar primary sources in the internet.
2.. Analyze each source.
3. After completing these two steps, you can begin to show your understanding about the six
features of historical sources. Based upon what you found in your reading and
background research, answer the following questions for each of the six analysis skills.
3. Fill-up the table by answering the questions for each analysis criterion
4. At the end, answer items II & III

I. Source Analysis

Source #1: Guillermo Masangkay

Informatio What is the explicit meaning of the source? (Information provided)

n - "The Cry of Pugad Lawin" refers to the pivotal event that took place on
August 23, 1896, in Pugad Lawin, a suburb of Manila, Philippines. It
signifies the moment when Filipino revolutionaries, led by Andres
Bonifacio, tore up their cedulas (tax certificates) in a symbolic act of
defiance against Spanish colonial rule. This event became the beginning
of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish government.

What is the implicit meaning of the source? (Your own Interpretation)

- "The Cry of Pugad Lawin" represents the collective desire of Filipinos to
seek independence from Spanish colonial rule. It symbolizes the
awakening of Filipino nationalism and the determination to fight for their
rights and freedom.

How does this source corroborate the information from another source?
- "The Cry of Pugad Lawin" is a well-documented historical event, and its
details are corroborated by various historical accounts, documents, and
sources from that period. These sources include writings, diaries, and
accounts of both Filipino revolutionaries and Spanish authorities.

How does this source contradict the information from another source?
 - Different sources may emphasize various aspects or perspectives of the
event, such as its significance, the number of participants, or the exact
location.
Who created the source?
- This source is created and documented by Guillermo Masangkay.
Origin
What kind and type of source is it?

- It is a type of historical account and a secondary source.

From what point of view is the source created?
Perspectiv
e - It is written from the perspective of the Filipinos who are present during
the ‘The Cry of Pugad Lawin’.
When was the source created?
- It was created on August 26, 1896.

What historical events happened at this time that are important to the creation
Context
of this source?
- The historical events that had happened during that time and is important
to the “The Cry of Pugad Lawin“ is the start of the Philippine Revolution
against the Spaniards.
Who was the intended audience of the source?
- The intended audience of this source are our fellow Filipinos that are
Audience
seeking for the truth that might be used by future historians and scholars
to document and analyze the event.
For what purpose was this source made?
- To Document a Historical Event: Many sources were created with the
Motive primary purpose of documenting the event itself. This includes diaries,
letters, and official reports that sought to record the actions and
developments of the day.

Source #2: Teodoro Agoncillo, a historian as told to him by Pio Valenzuela, a Katipunero

Informatio What information can you extract from this source to answer the question?
n - Agoncillo's book provides a historical account of the events leading up to
and surrounding the Cry of Pugad Lawin, which is considered the starting
point of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. He documents the actions of
Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan, as well as the significance of the
tearing of cedulas (tax certificates) as a symbol of rebellion.

How does this source corroborate the information from another source?
 - Focuses on Bonifacio and the Katipunan: Agoncillo's work places a
particular emphasis on the role of Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the
Katipunan (a revolutionary society), in organizing and leading the Cry of
Pugad Lawin. He explores Bonifacio's motivations and leadership within
the context of the revolution.

How does this source contradict the information from another source?
- There are no specific contradictions between two sources.
Who created the source?
- The creator of the source is Teodoro Agoncillo, a prominent Filipino
historian, and his book "The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of
Bonifacio and the Katipunan" (1956) is considered a seminal work in
Origin
Philippine historiography.

What kind and type of source is it?

- This account is a secondary source.
From what point of view is the source created?
Perspectiv
- It was created from the point of view of Pio Valenzuela, a member of
e
Katipunan who was also present at that time.
When was the source created?
- The source was created in 1956.
What historical events happened at this time that are important to the creation
of this source?
Context
Katipunan Formation: The Katipunan, formally known as the Kataas-
taasan, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), was a
secret revolutionary society founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1892. It
sought to achieve Philippine independence through armed struggle.
Who was the intended audience of the source?
- "The Cry of Pugad Lawin" by Teodoro Agoncillo is intended for a
diverse audience, including students, scholars, general readers, Filipino
Audience nationalists, educators, and historical researchers. Its purpose is to
provide insights into the historical events surrounding the Philippine
Revolution and the role of key figures like Andres Bonifacio within the
broader context of Philippine history.
For what purpose was this source made?
Motive
- It was written for the purpose of historical documentation, analysis,
education and awareness, as well as promotion of nationalism.

II. Write an analysis paragraph

Agoncillo's work serves as both a historical document and an analysis of the events surrounding
the Cry of Pugad Lawin during the Philippine Revolution. It provides a detailed account of the
event and offers an interpretation of the motivations and significance of key figures like Andres
Bonifacio.
III. Source Evaluation

In conclusion, Teodoro Agoncillo's "The Cry of Pugad Lawin" is a significant historical work
that has played a crucial role in shaping the understanding of the Cry of Pugad Lawin and the
Philippine Revolution. Its emphasis on nationalism, historical documentation, and analysis has
contributed to the broader discussion of Philippine history and identity. However, like any
historical work, it should be considered within its historical context and in conjunction with other
sources for a more comprehensive understanding of the events it covers.

IV. After doing the 4 cases, what are your learnings/realizations?

I have come to realize after working on the 4 analyses that pursuing this field won’t be easy as
you will be entailing different kinds of perspectives that will surely enlighten us, the future
generation, of this country. It surely awakened my nationalism and love for our people as well as
country as I worked on different historical events, not only the viewpoint of the Filipinos, but
also the perspectives of those people who are present during those historical moments.