THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH
- Research is something that people
undertake in order to find out things in a
systematic way. (Milyankova)
- The systematic investigation into and
study of materials and sources in order to
establish facts and reach new conclusions.
- Research is defined as the creation of new
knowledge and/or the use of existing
knowledge in a new and creative way so as
to generate new concepts, methodologies
and understandings.
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
- A tool for building knowledge and for
facilitating learning
- Means to understand various issues and
increase public awareness
- An aid to business success
- A way to prove lies and to support truths
- Means to find, gauge, and seize
opportunities
- A seed to love reading, writing, analyzing,
and sharing valuable information
- Nourishment and exercise for the mind
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Accuracy
- The quality or state of being correct or
precise.
- Accuracy is how close a measure value is
to the “real.” “true,” or “actual” value.
- Accuracy is about making measurements
that reflect the “reality” as far as possible
devoid of mistakes and taking account of
bias.
2. Completeness
- The state or condition of having all the
necessary or appropriate parts.
3. Clarity
- The quality of being coherent and
intelligible
- The quality or condition of being clear or
easy to understand.
4. Relevance
- The concept of one topic being connected
to another topic in a way that makes it
useful to consider the second topic when
considering the first. The concept of
relevance is studied in many different
fields, including cognitive sciences, logic,
and library and information science.
5. Objectiveness
- Judgement based on observable
phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions
or personal prejudices, objectivity, sound
judgement, sound judgement, perspicacity
judgement – the capacity to assess
situations or circumstances shrewdly and
to draw sound conclusions.
6. Systematic
- Done or acting according to a fixed plan or
system; methodical.
WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER – STRUCTURE
AND STYLE
DO:
1. Produce a professional looking proposal.
2. Be interesting
3. Be informative
4. Write a way that is easy to read
5. Produce a professional looking proposal
6. Be interesting
7. Be informative
8. Write a way that is easy to read
9. Do include a contents page
10. Use clear headings and sub-headings
11. Be concise and precise
12. Use simple language wherever possible
DON’T
1. Use words when you are not absolutely
certain of their meaning
2. Use difficult words to impress your readers
3. Use overly simplistic language
4. Repeat yourself
5. Digress
BEFORE SUBMITTING
1. Proof read your work carefully
2. Ask a friend or relative to read your
proposal
3. Ask an experienced researcher or your
adviser to read your proposal
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,
AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
PRESENTATION OF DATA
- Present the finding of the study in the
order of the specific problem as stated in
the Statement of the Problem
 o Tabular findings as all variables can be subsume in
o Textual presentation – the data are one paragraph.
presented in the form of texts,
phrases or paragraphs. Common RECOMMENDATIONS
among newspaper reports depicting - Suggestions
specifically the salient or important - Possible solutions in problems that are
findings. connected to the topic
 Uses statements with
numerals or numbers to SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
describe data. It aims to - The research instrument used in gathering
focus attention to some the data
important data, and to
supplement tabular REFERENCES
presentation - The resources in gathering information
 Disadvantages: it is boring that is used to validate the research
to read, especially when it
is long CURRICULUM VITAE
o Graphical presentation - The researchers’ information
PARTS OF RESEARCH PAPER
ANALYSIS OF DATA
- Analyze in depth to give meaning to the Chapter I – Introduction
data presented in the table. Avoid table a. Background of the study – brief statement
reading of the origin of the problem. Describes
- State statistical descriptions in declarative why the problem exists and why it is
sentences suggested.
b. Statement of the problem – includes the
INTERPRETATION OF DATA problems which the study will be
- Establish interconnection between and answering or giving solutions for. Should
among data be stated clearly, accurately, and clearly.
- Check for indicators whether hypothesis c. Significance of the study – states the
is/are supported or not by the findings. significance of the study and why the
- Use parallel observations with results will be significant. Shows the
contemporary events to give credence relevance of conducting the study.
presented in the introduction. d. Scope and delimitation – identifies a
reasonable area covered by the study.
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, Shows the scope of the topic of the
CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION research and what parts should they
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS limited to.
- This describes the problem, research - Importance: gives a brief explanation of
design, and the findings. The their objective for the study by listing key
recommended format is the paragraph points. It is the basis of the research paper.
form instead of enumeration form
Chapter II – Review of Related Literature and
CONCLUSIONS Studies
- These are brief, generalized statements in a. Local and Foreign Literature – uncovers
answer to the general and each of the what other writers have written about the
specific sub-problems. topic. Discussion or review of what is
- These contain generalized in relation to the known about the subject which will give
population. the researchers a foundation to their study
- These are general inferences applicable to as well.
a wider and similar population. b. Local and Foreign Studies
- Flexibility is considered in making of c. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework –
conclusions. It is not a must to state frameworks that determine the process of
conclusions on a one-on-one how the study will be conducted.
correspondence with the problems and the Conceptual is based on generally accepted
 methods, practices, etc. Theoretical
framework deals with interrelated theories
which must be presented in more details as
they are not tangible
d. Hypothesis and Assumptions –
Hypothesis: an assumption or concession
made for the sake of the argument.
Assumptions: a fact or statement taken for
granted.
e. Definition of Terms – where variables and
sub variables are defined.

Chapter III – Methodology

a. Research design – specific procedures
involves in the research process.
b. The Sample – identifies the people and
places planned to study. Determining
which group of people will you study, who
specifically, these people are, and how
many of them will be needed.
c. The Instrument – the questionnaire or data
gathering tool to be constructed, validated,
and administered.
d. Data collection procedure – describes
whose permission will be sought and
arrangements to make to administer
instruments. When it will be administered
and who will administer them.
e. Data analysis procedure – shows how the
data will be analyzed to provide the best
explanation of the results and how it
coordinates with the problem statement.