China, Russia,

Spain, Italy
Government
Module 21-24
Members:
Demot, Ghreisen Kyla
Miranda, Hershey
Paladan, Aila
Samson, Erin Lawson
Villarosa, Mariana Shane
 CHINA GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Type of Government: Communism

- An ideology that seeks to establish classless, stateless social

organization based on common ownership of the means of production.

Capital: Beijing
 CHINA GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
President: Xi Jingpin

- The most powerful figure in the chinese political system.

- On March 14, 2013, he was elected president of China by the National

People's Congress. With 5 years renewable, No term limits.
CHINA GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
CHINA GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
National Congress of the CPC:

• The National People's Congress of the People's

Republic of China is the supreme organ of state
power.
CHINA GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
POLITBURO STANDING COMMITTEE

• Their decisions affect every facet of life in China.

CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE

China has a
unified court system
with four levels and
two instance of trials.
CHINA'S
CHINESEJUDICIAL SYSTEM
GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
THE SUPREME PEOPLE'S COURT
- The highest trial organ in China, exercise trials
independently.

- Reports to the National People's Congress and its

Standing Committee.
CHINA'S
CHINESEJUDICIAL SYSTEM
GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
CHINA'S PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATES

- The state organ for legal supervision.

CHINA'S
CHINESEJUDICIAL SYSTEM
GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE

PROCURATORATE (PROCURATOR)
- acts as a public prosecutor for criminal cases,
conducting both the relevant investigations and
prosecutions of such cases.
 CHINA'S
CHINESEJUDICIAL SYSTEM
GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
THE SUPREME PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATES
- The highest procuratorial organ

- Reports to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee.

- It is mainly responsible for supervising regional procuratorates and

special procuratorates to perform legal supervision by law and protecting
the unified and proper enforcement of State laws.
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
CHINA GOV'T.
STRUCTURE PH GOV'T.

SIMILARITIES
• Marxism-Leninist State • Democratic
• 5 years renewable, no • 6 years term, non-
term limits • Presidential System renewable
• Hukou Sytem • Election • Has separation of
• No separation of powers • Republican powers
• Unicameral Legislature • Bicameral Legislature
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
CHINESEGOVERNMENT
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
1.) The Legislative Branch (Federal Assembly)

• The Federation Council - the upper chamber. Drafts laws &

federal laws, and reviews them

• The State Duma - the lower chamber. Adopts federal

constitutional and federal laws
CHINESEGOVERNMENT
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
2.) The Executive Branch (Russian Government)

• President - guarantor of the Constitution

• Chairman of the Gov't. - the Prime minister chairs the

Government
CHINESEGOVERNMENT
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
2.) The Executive Branch (Russian Government)

• Deputy Chairman - coordinate the activities of

federal government bodies

• The Ministries (21)

CHINESEGOVERNMENT
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
3.) The Judicial Branch (Federal Judiciary)

• Constitutional Court - verifies laws and other acts of the

highest bodies of state power of the Russian Federation

• Supreme Court - highest judicial body. supervises the

activities of all other judicial bodies and serves as the
final court of appeal
CHINESEGOVERNMENT
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
3.) The Judicial Branch (Federal Judiciary)

• Supreme Court of Arbitration - supervise the lower

arbitration courts and it watches over the implementation
of arbitration awards

• Prosecutor General - prosecution in court on behalf

of the State
CHINESEGOVERNMENT
RUSSIA GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Local self-government
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
RUSSIA
STRUCTUREGOV'T. PH GOV'T.

• Prime minister as 2nd SIMILARITIES • Vice President as 2nd

highest exec. member • Three Branches of the highest exec. branch
officer Government officer
• Legislature: Deputy
• Legislature: Senate,
prime ministers & • Democratic & House of
federal ministers Republican state Representatives
• Semi-presidential &
• Presidential system
Parliament system • Bicameral Legislature
• Unitary state
• Federal state
SPAIN GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE

As of 1978, Spain has been a Parliamentary system with a

Constitutional Monarchy.

What is Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchy ?

CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Constitutional
They exercise their authority or power in accordance with law

Parliamentary
Based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative
and executive branch.
* this usually have a head of State and the Government

Monarchy
Country that is ruled by a monarch (King or Queen )
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchy

is a system of Government in which a hereditary

monarch serves as a head of state but political
power is constitutionally granted to a body such as
executive or representative council.
 CHINESE GOVERNMENT
SPAIN POLITICAL SYSTEM
STRUCTURE
State Institution
1. Comunidad Autonoma
(Autonomous Communities)
2. Provincia
(Provinces)
3. Municipios
(Municipalities)
 CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Spain Political System and Government Function
Executive Branch
•incharge of running the state by putting the laws into practice it is carried out by the
government which is the President and minister
Legislative (Cortes Generales)
•incharge in making laws that carried out by the General courts the Congress of
deputies, represent the people in the Spain(Lower house) and senate, represent the
territorial part of Spain(Upper House). The member of these two (2) chamber are
elected by the citizens in the General election.

•composed of 615 member. Congress -350, Senators - 265.

 CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Judicial Branch
•Incharge of ensuring the citizens follows the laws, it is carried out by the General Council of the
Judicial Power (GCJP) (20 members) and Courts of Justice (Public institutions).
• The most important court of Justices in Spain is the Supreme court.

•Tribunal Supremo •Audiencia Nacional •Fiscal General

Tribunal Constitucional
The courts that decide if something is Constitucional or unconstitutional.
Composed of 12 magistrate.
CHINESE
Spanish GOVERNMENT
Legal System
STRUCTURE
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
SPAIN
STRUCTUREGOV'T. PH GOV'T.

SIMILARITIES

• Democratic and Republican State

•Constitutional Monarchy
•Principle of checks and balances
•Presidential System
•Parliamentary system
•Division of Power
•President is the Head of State and the
•King is the head of state, Prime minister
Government
is the head of the government
ITALY GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
ITALY GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
1.) Executive Branch

• President - Head of the State

• Prime Minister - President of the Council of Ministers

• The Cabinet - appointed by the President

ITALY GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
2.) Legislative Branch

• Chamber of Deputies - has 630 members, elected by citizens aged

18 and above. Only citizens aged 25 and above can be elected.

• Senate of the Republic - consists 315 members, elected by all

citizens aged 25 and above. To be elected, one must be at least 40
years old.
ITALY GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
3.) Judicial Branch

• Constitutional Court - the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional

law.

• Magistrate - a public office, accessible by the sole Italian citizens who have
obtained an Italian Juris Doctor and taken part to the relevant competitive
public examination organised by the Ministry of justice
ITALY GOVERNMENT
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE
Regional Governments

• The republic is divided into region (regioni), provinces (province), and

communes (comuni).

• There are twenty regions, five of which have higher autonomy than the
rest. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity
with defined powers.
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
ITALY
STRUCTUREGOV'T. PH GOV'T.

SIMILARITIES
• Democracy
Parliamentary Republic • Three (3) • Democracy and
branches of republican
• President - Head of
government
State
• President - head
• Prime minister - Head • Division of of state and
of government government
power