CPE USE OF ENGLISH Part One - Virginia Evans

THE PRESENTATION OF HISTORY

When dealing with 1.............. (sense) issues such as the atrocities of war and man’s 2…………..
(human) to man, interprets of history may try in vain to give an 3………….. (hand) treatment of the
subject. This creates the danger of “softening” the image to make it a little less 4………….. (horror),
a little less 5………….. (shame) and a little more acceptable to the general audience. This is injustice
to history, with too much emphasis put on the bland and not enough on the harsh reality of the past.

Interpreting our 6………….. (inherit) is not a soft option where all that is required is a nice,
7………….. (sentiment) view of the past. It requires a full working 8………….. (perceive) of the
issues and the evidence, together with a 9………. (will) to be open about the strengths and
weaknesses of our ability to interpret in a way that 10………….. (deep) understanding. If
11………….. (provoke) is required to do that, then it should not be avoided for fear of presenting
something 12…………... (agree)

A MODERN ITALIAN ARTIST

Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) was an Italian painter and 13…………… (sculpture) whose original
paintings, which were 14………….. (character) by a asymmetry of composition, 15 ……………
(long) of figure, and simple but 16 ………….. ( monument) use of line, are among the most important
of the 20thcentury. They have also gained 17…………… (popular) for the entirely personal
atmosphere with which they are invested: a kind of mute relationship between the artist and sitter that
implicates the spectator in a truly 18………….. (mark) way.

After suffering from serious illnesses as a child, he was forced to give up conventional education, and
it was then that he began to study painting. After his studies in Italy, Modigliani left for Paris. There,
he was overwhelmed by the painting of Paul Cezanne, which exerted an 19...………….. (question)
influence on the earliest phase of his work. Furthermore, his extensive study of African sculpture
made a profound impression on his painting style.

Modigliani was not a professional 20………….. (trait) in the strict sense of the world. His paintings
are almost always portraits of relatives 21…………… (person) of the Parisian literary scene of his
times and the contemporary artistic world, along with many portraits of 22……………. (identify)
persons.

ALL WORK AND NO PLAY…

Playing is a serious business. Children engrossed in a 23…………… (believe) world, fox cubs play
fighting, or kittens teasing a ball of string, aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a 24……….
(care) and exuberant way to pass the time before the hard work of 25………….. (adult) comes along,
but there’s much more to it in that. It is extremely 26………….. (cost) in terms of energy. Nature
tends not to waste energy so there must be a reason for this 27………….. (strain) activity.

Current theory posits that more of the brain is involved in play than previously believed. Play
certainly seems to 28………….. (act) higher cognitive process because it involves complex
29………….. (assess) of 30…………… (play), ideas of reciprocity and the use of 31…………….
(special) signals and rules. The effect of depriving children of play is still unknown, but the
32……………. (implicate) is that creativity and learning abilities could be adversely affected. With
33………… (school) beginning earlier and becoming increasingly more 34…………… (exam), the
time afforded to play is being reduced. What the result will be is likely to cause concern.

PROTECTING YOUR RIGHTS

Copyright is the 35…………… (alien), legally secured right to publish, 36………….. (produce), and
sell the matter and form a literary, musical, dramatic or artistic work. Copyright is designed
specifically to protect owners against any 37…………… (author) copying of their works, causing it to
be distributed illegally to 38……………. (subscription). A copyright supplies a copyright holder with
a kind of 39…………… (own) over the created material, which 40……………. (sure) him of its use.
Historically, copyrights grew out of the same system as royal patent grants, by which certain authors
and printers were given 41…………… (exclude) the right to publish books and other materials. The
basic purpose of such grants was not to protect authors’ rights but to raise government revenue and to
give governing authorities control over 42………….. (public) contents. The statue of Anne , passed in
England in 1710, was a 43………….. (mile) in the history of copyright law as it recognizes that
authors should be the 44…………….. (prime) 45……………..(benefit) of copyright law.

FLAMENCO DANCE

The essence of flamenco is strong, often 46…………… (company) by the guitar and improvised
dance. Music and dance can be placed into specific groups. These 47……………. (category) are
usually located across a continuum with subjects dealing with the profound to those that are
48…………….. (heart). Typically, the themes of death, anguish and despair , in contrast to love,
49……………. (gay) and the countryside are 50……………. (drama). In flamenco dance, the men’s
steps are intricate, with toe and heel clicking. 51…………… (foot) in women’s dancing is of less
importance, with the 52……………. (grace) use of hands and body taking 53……………. (precede).
Essential to traditional flamenco is the performer’s interpretation of the dance 54………………
(hinder) by the emotion of the music. This dance form was 55………………. (profession) in the
19thcentury, when Romany people first began to perform in café. In this environment, 56…………..
(depart) from the traditional form occurred. Unfortunately, the pressures of the commercial stage
meant that rehearsed routines replaced the 57…………… ( spontaneous) of the flamenco
performances

PRECIOUS METAL

Gold has several qualities that have made it a commodity of exceptional value throughout history. It is
attractive in color, durable to the point of virtual 58……………… (destroy), and usually found in
nature in a 59…………….. (compare) pure form. The history of gold is 60……………. (equal) by
that of other metals because of its value in the minds of men since the earliest times. Gold has
continued to be a highly 61……………. (favor) material out of which jewellery and other
62…………… (decorate) objects are made. The 63…………. (exploit) of mines by slave labor and
the looting of Indian palaces, temples, and graves in Central and South America resulted in a(n)
64…………….. (precede) influx of gold that literally 65…………… (balance) the economic structure
of Europe. Until today the world remains 66………………. (captive) by the allure of gold.

THE ART OF GIVING AND TAKING

Gift exchange, which is also called 67…………….. (ceremony) exchange, is the transfer of goods and
services that, although regarded as voluntary by people involved, is part of the expected social
behavior. Gift exchange may be distinguished from other types of exchange in several respects: the
first offering is made in a generous manner and there’s no haggling between 68……………. (donate)
and 69………………. (receive); the exchange is an expression of an existing social relationship or of
the establishment of a new one that differs from 70…………… (person) market relationships. The
gift exchange cycle entails 71………………. (oblige) to give, to receive, and to return. Sanctions may
exist to induce people to give, 72…………… (approve) or loss of prestige resulting from the failure
to do so. 73…………… (refuse) to accept a gift may be seen as rejection and may lead to
74………….. (inimical). The 75………….. (reciprocal) of the cycle rests in the necessity to return the
gift the prestige associated with the appearance of generosity dictates that the value of the return be
approximately equal to the value of the original gift. 75……………. (along) its obvious functions,
gift exchange is a 76……………… (deny) significant expression of social relations.

A BUILDING OF CLASS

The Crystal Palace was a glass-and-iron wall in Hyde Park, London, that housed the Great Exhibition
of 1851. The structure was taken down and 77………….... (build) at Sydenham Hill. In 1849, Prince
Albert invited 78…………… (exhibit) from all over the world to participate in an 79………………
(expose). Plans were developed, and the necessary funds 80……………. (speed) raised, so the
memorable exhibition opened in the Crystal place in May, 1851. The Crystal Palace was a
81……………. (mark) construction of an intricate network of slender iron rods sustaining walls of
clear glass. With more than 13 km of display tables, the number of 82………….. (participate) was
about 14000 nearly half of whom were non-British. The attendance of millions of visitors generated a
83…………. (size) profit and a closing ceremony was held on October 15. The Crystal Palace
established an 84………….. (architect) standard for later international fairs and exhibitions, which
85…………. (like) were housed in glass buildings resembling 86……………... (conserve).On the
night of November 30, 1936, it was virtually destroyed by fire; the towers that remained
87…………… (damage) finally came under 88…………… (demolish) in 1941 because they were
deemed as a dangerous 89……………. (landmark) for 90…………….. (income) German bombers

HEALING FLOWERS

Flowering plants were primarily cultivated for their 91…………… (fragrant), as well as their
92…………… (use) and beauty. In the last two decades this situation has changed in that currently
plants and their flowers are being subjected to the rigors of intensive scientific research in an attempt
to 93…………… (veil) their secrets. Although it is a relatively recent 94…………… (take),
researchers have already scoured some of the most obscure regions of the globe in search of the
ultimate curing, healing and rejuvenating 95…………… (botany) specimens. Ancient 96…………….
(tribe) traditions and healing recipes have also been researched as a means of identifying the potential
97…………… (cure) properties of flowers and plants. Flora has been researched for centuries in
order to 98…………… (sure) a continuous supply of the ingredients that have been proven to be
effective in providing remedies offering relief. The latest technologies are employed in parallel to this
ancient knowledge to identify chemical profiles and 99…………… (character). In this
100…………… (marry) between science and nature, a new market of products is now available to
whet consumer appetite.

AROUND THE GLOBE

National Geographic Magazine is a monthly magazine of geography, archaeology, anthropology, and
exploration, providing the 101…………….(chair) with literary and factual accounts and
102…………….(excel) photographs and maps to comprehend those 103……………(pursue).The
magazine was founded in 1988 and is still published by a 104……….…..(profit) corporation, the
National Geographic Society. The original intention of the society was for the 105………………
(period) to be oriented toward the US, but the nature of its articles soon made it a magazine with a
global view. Under the 106…………….(editor) of Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, it attained a circulation
of 1,000,000 by 1926. In addition, National Geographic was one of the first magazines to
107……………(product) color photographs of 108…………….(sea) life. The magazine became
world famous for its beautifully illustrated articles of the various geographic regions of the world. Its
features include 109…………… (substance) information on the environmental, social, and cultural
aspects of the areas covered and their peoples. Proceeds from the magazine help support its scientific
110……………. (expedite)

KEY
1.sensitive 2.inhumanity 3.even-handed 4.horrific 5.shameful 6.heritage 7.sentimental 8.perception
9.willingness 10.deepens 11.provocation 12.disagreeable

13.sculptor 14.characterized 15.elongation 16.monumental 17.popularity 18.remarkable

19.unquestionable 20.portrait 21.personalities 22.unidentified

23.make-believe 24.carefree 25.adulthood 26.costly 27.strenuous 28.activate 29.assessments

30.playmates 31.speacialised 32.impication 33.schooling 34.exam-oriented

35.inalienable 36.reproduce 37.unauthorized 38.sunscribers 39.ownership 40.assures 41.exclusive

42.publicized 43.milestone 44.primary 45.beneficiaries

46.accompanied 47.categorisations/categories 48.light-hearted 49.gaiety 50.dramatised 51.footwork

52.graceful 53.precedence 54.unhindered 55.professionalised 56.departure 57.spontaneity

58.indestructibility 59.comparatively 60.unequalled 61.favored 62.decorative 63.exploitation

64.unprecedented 65.unbalanced 66.captivated

67.ceremonial 68.donor 69.recipient 70.impersonal 71.obligations 72.refusal 73.enmity 74.reciprocal

75.alongside 76.undeniably

77.rebuilt 78.exhibitors 79.exposition 80.speedily 81.remarkable 82.participants 83.sizeable

84.architectutal 85.likewise 86.conservatories 87.undamaged 88.demolition 89.landmark 90.incoming

91.fragrance 92.usefulness 93.unveil 94.undertaking 95.botanical 96.tribal 97.curative 98.ensure

99.characteristics 100.marriage
101.armchair 102.unexcelled 103.pursuits 104.non-profit 105.periodical 106.editorship 107.reproduce
108.undersea 109.substantial 110.expeditions