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Smart Notes For Concrete Structures Design Help Page 1 of 513

Eng. Mohamed Rady all copyrights reserved www.fb.com/Smart.PDFs
Sap2000 AutoCAD
Excel CSI Column
: ‫ﻗم ﺑﺗﺣﻣﯾل ﻣرﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ﻣن اﻟﻠﯾﻧك اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1E396vXDUL4q_g7yAdiVeO6wec1x8xyCF

AutoCAD
1- Setup Program.
2- Configuration Orders:
- Zoom & animation Options :

1- Write vtoptions @ Command toolbar:
2- Uncheck This Options:

- Shift + Right Click Option:
1- From Tools Menu:
2- Select Options:
3- From Shown Window Select User Preferences:
4- Click at Right-click Customization:

5- Do as Shown below:
- Fonts:
1- Select all AutoCAD Fonts & Copy it:
2- Go to this Path:
3- Paste Fonts at Previous Path

- Texted Value:
1- Write texted @ Command toolbar:
2- This Phrase Will appear:
3- Enter Value is “1” Then Enter.

- Layers:

-
36 Layer off/Isolate/Lock -

- Dimensions Style:
2 0.5 1 1
-1
-2
Set Current

Scale Factor
Modify
Scale Factor Primary Units
Scale 1:100 Scale Factor

Scale 0.6 0.3 1:100
2.40 1.20
Scale 1 : 100
0.6 0.3 2.40 1.20
0.6 0.3 Scale 1 : 25
1:25
1:100

- Point Style:
1- From Format Menu:
2- Select Point Style:
3- Next Window Will appear:

- OSnap Option:
Osnap
Settings
Select all

- Line Weight Option:
Line Weight
Line Weight On
Line Weight Off

- Graphics Settings:
1- From Tools Menu:
2- Select Options:
3- From Shown Window Select System:
4- Open Performance Settings:
5- New Window Will appear:

Select Manual Tune from This Window appeared

6- Do as Shown below:
7- Restart AutoCAD Program

- Import Your Workspace:
1- From Tools Menu:
2- Select Customize >> Import Customizations:
3- Window Will Appear :

Press at Open Customization file
4- Search for Your Exported Customization file at your

Computer :

5- Select Your Workspace From Right Panel
6- Drug Your Workspace From Right Panel To Left Panel
7- Select Your Workspace as Shown below

- How To Export Your Workspace:
1- From Tools Menu:
2- Select Customize >> Export Customizations:
3- This Window Will Appear :
4- Select Save as & Save Your Workspace at Your

Computer

3- Important Orders Shortcuts:
- Line (L)
- Copy (CO)
- Move (M)
- Extend (EX)
- Trim (TR)
- Extrim
- Offset (O)
- Stretch (S)
- MStretch
- Fillet (F)
- Circle (C)
- Align (AL)
- Fast Selection (FS)
- Array (AR)
- Hatch (H)
- Match (MA)
- Filter (Fi)
- Find
- Pedit (PE)
- Spell (SP)
- Oops
- Purge all (PU)
- DDA
- Tcase
- Distance (Di)
- Point (PO)
- Region (REG) – inquiry
- Divide (Div)
- Donut (DO)
- Poly Line (PL)
- Scale (SC)
- Explode (X)
- Chamfer (CHA)
- Ncopy
- Joint
- Block (B)

4- Toggle Drawing Modes:
- Toggles object snap mode F3

- Toggle grid mode F7
- Toggle ortho mode F8
- Toggle snap mode F9
- Toggle polar mode F10
- Toggle object snap tracking F11
- Toggle dynamic input mode F12
5- Manage Workflow:
- Copy object Ctrl+c

- Cut object Ctrl+x
- Paste object Ctrl+v
- Copy to clipboard with base point Ctrl+Shift+c
- Paste data as block Ctrl+Shift+v
- Undo last action Ctrl+z
- Redo last action Ctrl+y
!!
Capital Letters
Command

6- Explain Of Some Orders:
Line
(L)
Close C
Undo
(U)
Command
Line
U Line
3
Copy
(CO)

Move
(M)
Copy

-
Erase
(E)
E
Enter
Delete

Ncopy
Ctrl + C
Zoom
(Z)
W z
E z
P
Zoom
A
E
(Zoom in)
Refresh Re
Regenerate

ORTHO
F8
Shift Shift
Polar
F10
Polar
Settings
Measure
(Me)

Trim
(TR)
trim
Enter tr
Enter
tr Enter

Extend
(EX)
ex
Enter Enter
ex Enter
Shift Extend Trim

Trim
Extend Shift

Rotate
Scale
Rotate
(RO)
Ro
C
o50

Mirror
(Mi)
Enter Mi
Enter
Y
N
Tcase

Circle
(C)
C
C :R
C :D
D
3P C :
2P C :
Draw >Circle>Tan Tan Tan
Draw >Circle>Tan Tan Radius
Dount
(Do)

Divide
(Div)
1
3
Rectangular
(Rec)
Rec
@50,90
@150<20
Rec
0.25 0.5 3x2

F
0.5 3x2
Point
(Po)
point
Draw > Point > Multiple Point

Fillet
(F)
R F
90
Polyline
(PL)
PL

Region
Region/ Mass properties

Enter Region
C.G
Ix or Iy or Ixy
Spell
(Spelling)
Offset
(O)

7- Notes
Line -
Enter L
0,40
0,0
@0,40
0,0
0,0
50<90
90 50
@50<90
90 50
Layer off/Isolate/Lock -
Layer off
Layer Isolate
Layer Lock
Align
Enter
Enter

-
Double Click
Find
Replace With Find Word
Done

Filter
Enter Fi
Add Selected Object

Apply

Enter
Properties
Properties

DDA -
Enter
Pu Purge all -
Purge all purge nested items
-
Isolate
Fs -
-
Express Menu >> File tools >> Save all Drawings or Close
all Drawings
-
Express Menu >>Text >> Text Mask
Express >>Text >> Unmask Text
Shift + Right -
Click Of Mouse

8- Print From AutoCAD:
4
9
3
7 5
8
10
Monochrome 1
2
3
Layer 4
5
Window 6
7
8
9
10

Scales of Print:
1 100
Print with Scale 1/200:

0.5 CM = 1 M
1000/200 = 5/1
Text Height Used = 0.5 - 0.3
Frame Width = 180
32

1 CM = 1 M
1000/100 = 10/1
Frame Width = 90
16

2 CM = 1 M
1000/50 = 20/1
Frame Width = 45
8

4 CM = 1 M
1000/25 = 40/1
Frame Width = 22.5
4
Format Menu >> Scale List •

9- Prepare DXF File Of Floor:
Point Line 3d Face
Shells
1- Draw Shells With Order “3f” and Draw Rectangular its

Dimension (0.25 X 0.25)anticlockwise 276
4
1 3
2
2- Draw Lines @ Beams Places
3- Draw Points @ Columns Where Beams are Must met
-1
Sap2000
Layer -2
Layer

Design:
Making Of Sap2000 Floor Model:
1- Open Sap2000 Program
2- Change Units to (ton, m, c)
3- Import Joints from Dxf.

DXF OK
Layer Special Joints

DXF

4- Assign joints Restrains (Hinge)
5- Define Materials :
Define Menu – Choose Materials

Click at Add new Material and Check “Show Advanced Prop.”
OK
Modify/Show Material Prop

Weight per Unit Volume = 25 Kn/m3 = 2.5 t/m3.
Mass per Unit Volume = 2.5 Kn/m3 = 0.25 t/m3.
Modulus of Elasticity = 4400√𝐹𝑐𝑢 N/mm2 = 44000√𝐹𝑐𝑢 t/m2.
Specified Concrete Compressive Strength, f’c = 0.8 * Fcu N/mm2
= 0.8 * Fcu t/m2.
Modulus of Elasticity For Fcu = 2500 t/m2 = 44000√2500 t/m2 = 2200000

Specified Concrete Compressive Strength, f’c = 0.8 * 2500 t/m2 = 2000
6- Define Section Prop. (Frames & Slabs)

Define Menu – Choose Section Prop.

Frame Sections
Add New Property

25 X 60
Concrete

12 X 70 25 X 60 12 X 60
3
Area Sections
Add New Section

12
16 15 12
3

7- Load Patterns Prop. (Frames & Slabs)
Define Menu – Choose Load Patterns.
Add New Load Pattern
Load Patterns (Dead, Live, Walls Load, Stairs Load).
Dead
0 1 Self-Weight Multiplier
“Dead”
“Floor Covering”
“Live Load” “Live”
“Walls Load”
Dead
“Stairs Load”
. Live Dead
8- Define Menu >> Load Cases (Delete Modal Load Case).

9- Define Menu >> Load Combinations.
Then Click at
Load Combination
Scale Factor
Total Dead Load Load Combination
(Dead * 1) + (Stairs Load * 1) + (Walls Load * 1)
Load Combinations of Model :
1- Total Dead Load (Dead + Wall + Stairs).

2- Working (Total Dead Load + Live).
3- Ultimate (1.4 * Total Dead Load + 1.6 * Live).
4- Beam (1.3*Ultimate).
% 30

5- Columns Ultimate ( 1.1 * No.Of Floors * Ultimate).
% 10
H b * t * H * ϒc
t b
6- Columns without O.w Ultimate (No.Of Floors * Ultimate).

7- Foundation (X * No.Of Floors * Working).
Excel
Sap2000
% 10 1.21 X
1.1 X
Sap2000
10- Import Frames from Dxf.

3
Frames Special Joints
Layer

11- Assign Section of Frames
-1

O.K
12- Assign Loads @ Frames “Wall Load @frames”.
67 Excel Sheet
Dis. Load
Con. Load

OK
13- Release Moment

14- Import Shell from Dxf.
3
Layer Shells
15- Assign Section.
-1
O.K

16- Assign Loads Cover Load & Live and Wall “If Founded”.
Floor Cover
Live Load
67
17- Select All Drawing >> Edit Menu >> Points >> Align (Align
Points to Z-Ordinate = 0).

18- Select All Drawing >> Edit Menu >> Points >> Merge
(Merge Tolerance = 0.1).
19- Edit Menu >> Lines >> Divide >> Break at intersections with
selected Joints, Frames, Area Edges and Solid Edges.
20- Select Stairs Beams or Slab and add Stair Load.

• How To add Stair Load :
1- Solve Stair Out & Get Reactions.
2- If this Reactions is Ultimate, so divide it / 1.4 and Take
the Result and Put it @ Load pattern Stairs 146 .
21- Set Analysis Option (Select Plane Grid for Floors Xy Plane).
22- Run Model.

Options of Sap2000 Model:
- Select – Select – Properties.
- View – Show Selection Only.
- View – Set limits.
- Line – Drawing Control Type.
- Assign – Copy Assign – Assign – Paste Assign – Check all.
- Edit – Edit lines – Extend & Trim.
- Options – Dimensions, Colors, Sound, and Auto save Model.
- File – Print Graphics Settings.
-1
Frame Hinge
-2
% 10

Deflection:
. L/250
. L/450
. L/360
L/480
.
: L
(Zero Moment Points) -
73
-
-
-
Note That :
Simple Span: Effective Span (L) = Span of Beam or Slab
Cont. One Side: Effective Span (L) = 0.87 Span of Beam or Slab
Cont. Two Sides: Effective Span (L) = 0.76 Span of Beam or Slab
Excel -
2 10
-
Mcr
Ig Ie -
Ig Ie -
Sap2000 -
Working
Ig Sap2000 -
Sap2000 Ie
2.5 3 2
n = 10 -
Es/Ec
-
-
α Dead load
α = 2 - 1.2 (As’/As) ≥ 0.6
As’ -1
As -2
2 -3
-
As’ ”Flat Slab”
α As
As As
As’ As’ = 0.2 As

Determination of Wall Load Rested On Slab:
-1
•
-
We = 2 Ww / Le
-
We = 1.5 Ww / Le
Where:
Ww = Distributed Wall Load t/m
We = Equivalent Wall Distributed Load t/m2
Le = Effective Slab Span
We = Ww / e
Where:
Ww = Wall Load t/m
We = Equivalent Wall Distributed Load t/m2
e = tw+ 0.3 Lf + h
Where:
tw Wall Thickness
Lf Slab Span
0.3 h

-2
(Wall Load (t/m) /3) t/m2
0.5
0.1
Ww = ϒw * Hw * bw * 1 + 2 * ϒC * tm * (Hw + tb)
• Hw = Hfloor –tb If Solid Slab
Hw = Hfloor –ts If Flat Slab
• ϒw 3
• bw
0.12
0.25
• ϒC 3
• tm
2

Solid Slab:
Introduction
Sap2000
As (Main Steel)
As (Main Steel) = (Mu*107)/ (Fy*j*d)
Ultimate
Using C1, J
- J assume = 0.80
- d = ts - cover “Assume Slab cover = 15 or 20 mm”
Ex: - If Slab Thickness = 12 cm

With Steel 6 ф 12/m >> This Slab Can Resist Mu = 1.95 t.m
Cover
d1 d2
ts
b = 1000 mm of Slab
Long Direction Section
1 •
– d1
– –
– d2
–

C
d - a/2
T
Using First Principals

1
C=T
0.67 *(Fcu/Ƴc)* a * 1000 = As *(Fy/ Ƴs)

a
Mu = As *(Fy/ Ƴs)* (d-(a/2))
Use Excel Sheet ;)

β α
α
β
d2
d1
d1 < d2
As(Main Steel)=(Mu*107)/(Fy*j*d)

Determination of Slab Depth
One Way
Two Way
β
α

Where :
a
b
ma
mb
Effective Span (L)
ma = mb = 1
Effective Span (L)
ma = mb = 0.87
Effective Span (L)

ma = mb = 0.76
If r > 2 So slab is one way

If r ≤ 2 So slab is Two way

One Way Slab thickness: (effective Length is the small Length)
1- ts Min :
- Simple Span >> Ls/30
- Cont. From One Side >> Ls/35
- Cont. From Two Sides >> Ls/40
2- ts Satisfy Deflection:
- Cantilever >> Lc/10
600 400
10 (fy/650) 0.4
2
Two Way Slab thickness:

1- ts Min:
2- ts Satisfy Deflection :
Min ts = 120 mm
Design of Solid Slab:
Sap2000
- Show forces/stress
- Select Shells From Shown Menu

- Select Ultimate From Case/Combo Name Menu
- For (Moment @ X Direction (Steel @ X Direction)),(Max (–)

Moment @ Vertical Beams)
Select M1-1
M1-1
X
X
Sap2000 M1-1

1
10 ф 6 12
Excel Sheet 1.45
Sap2000
0.1
0.5

100e-3
0.1
0.1
500e-3
0.5
0.5
0.5 0.1
0.346
φ 6 12
10 Ø 6
- Mmin= X ---------- Mmax = Assume Any Numb
X
Mmax 1.45
Mmin

6Ø10/m •
- For (Moment @ Y Direction (Steel @ Y Direction)),(Max (–)

Moment @ Hoizontal Beams)
Select M2-2
M2-2
Y
Y
M1-1
Mmin Mmax
6Ø10/m •

M 2 -2 M 1 -1
Y X
- Show forces/stress – Shells – M1-1 (Moment (-) @ X Direction

(Steel @ X Direction)).
- Mmin= -Y
Mmax = -X
Y>X
Mmax Mmin
- Show forces/stress – Shells – M2-2 (Moment (-) @ Y Direction

(Steel @ Y Direction)).
- Mmin= -Y
Mmax = -X
Y>X
Mmax Mmin
10 6 •
10 8
7 28 26
10

-
-1
-2

-3
-1
-2

-3
2 -
71 -
-
7 8
ф 10 ф 12

-
.
10ф5
15 -
%20 -
10 ф 5 -
10 ф 6
. 10 -
10 ф -
-
ф 12 120,140
ф 16 160,150
20 -
%20 -
One Way
Two Way %25
10 ф 6
mm 150 -
6 ф5 8 ф5
6
10 ф

-
Two Way One Way -
8ф 6ф -
10 ф
10 -
-
√Fcu
0.225 ≥ 1.1/Fy
M Min Of
Fy
1.3 Asreq mm
0.15/100 H.T.S
μmin = Max of: 0.25/100 N.M.S
0.6/Fy
ts 1000 1
1
5 -
300 3

Flat Slab:
Introduction:
Sap2000
As (Main Steel)
As (Main Steel) = (Mu*107)/ (Fy*j*d)
Ultimate
Using C1, J
- J assume = 0.80
- d = ts - cover “Assume Slab cover = 20 mm”
Ex: - If Slab Thickness = 16 cm

Cover
d1 d2
ts
b = 1000 mm of Slab
Long Direction Section
2 •
– d1
– –
– d2
–

C
d - a/2
T
Using First Principals

1
C=T
0.67 *(Fcu/Ƴc)* a * 1000 = As *(Fy/ Ƴs)

a
Mu = As *(Fy/ Ƴs)* (d-(a/2))
Use Excel Sheet ;)

Determination of Flat Slab Depth:
Max Of:
1- ts Of External Panel = L1/32 Without Drop Panel
2- ts Of External Panel = L1/36 With Drop Panel
3- ts Of Interior Panel = L1/36 Without Drop Panel
4- ts Of Interior Panel = L1/40 With Drop Panel
5- 150 mm
- Where L1 Is the Long Span of Panel

ts = 160,180,200,220,240,250,260,280 mm
Note:
The Major concern when using flat Slab is shear transfer from the
slab to the columns. In other words, there is a danger that columns may
punch through the slab. Therefore, if live loads exceed 3 kn/m2, it is
advisable to use drop panels at the column locations. The use of the
drop panels increases the negative flexural capacity at locations of
high negative bending and reduces the risk of shear failure. Moreover,
if the live loads exceed 6 kn/m2, it is recommend to use column heads.
In case of excessively heavy live loads >10 kn/m2 such as in the case of
industrial buildings and warehouses, the use of drop panels together
with column heads is necessary.
Flat Slab Flat Slab with Drop Panel
Flat Slab with Column Head Flat Slab with Drop Panel & Column Head

Determination of Drop Panel Dimensions:
- Drop Panel Thickness

td ≥ ts / 4
- Drop Panel Width
L1/3 ≤ X ≤ L2/2
Where:
L1 Is the Long Span of Panel
L2 Is the Small Span of Panel
Determination of Column Head Dimensions:
- Column Head Width

D1 Or 2 ≤ L2/4
Where:
L2 Is the Small Span of Panel
˚45 α

Marginal Beam:
25
tb ≥ 3 ts
b Recommended to be 25 CM
L-Section R-Section
b+3ts t b t

Check Punching Shear
” Check Punching”
Slab Punching
d/2
45 d/2
qpu qpcu
qpcu
qpu

qpcu
α. d Fcu
1- 0.8 * ( + 0.2) √ γc N/mm2
bo
Fcu
2- 0.316 * (0.5 + (C2/C1)) √ γc N/mm2
Fcu
3- 0.316√ γc N/mm2
4- 1.6 N/mm2
4
3
2
C2 bo d
C1
qpu
qpu (Qup/(Area Of Punching =”bo * d”)) * β
Where:
Qup Wsu * Area’
Ultimate Wsu
bo
1.15
1.30
1.50

Values for Each Column:
1- Interior Column:
bo = 2 * (C1+d) + 2*(C2+d)
Area of Punching = bo * d
Area’= (L1 * L2) - ((C1+d)*(C2+d))
β = 1.15
2- Edge Column:
bo = 2 * (C1+d/2) + (C2+d)
Area’= (L1/2 * L2) - ((C1+d/2)*(C2+d))
β = 1.30
3- Corner Column:
bo = (C1+d/2) + (C2+d/2)
Area’= (L1/2 * L2/2) - ((C1+d/2)*(C2+d/2))
β = 1.50

Qup = Wsu * Area’
Qup = Pc – (Wsu * Area of Punching)
Pc
Ultimate SAP2000
Pc
Qup = Pc Ws
If qpu ≤ qpcu >>> Safe punching shear.

If qpu > qpcu >>> Unsafe punching shear.
If Unsafe Punching:
- Increase ts Of Flat Slab
- Use Flat Slab With Drop panel
- Use Flat Slab With Column Head
- Use Flat Slab With Drop panel and Column Head

Example:
Interior Column with Dimensions (50 X 50) & Floor Reaction = 50 ton @
Slab with Depth = 20 Cm & Fcu = 300 Kg/cm2 Check Punching
Column Details
Position 1 Interior
C2 (Small Length) 500 mm
C1 (long Length) 500 mm
Slab Details
ts 200 mm
T.S.Cover 20 mm
Fcu 30 N/mm^2
Calculations
d= 180 mm
a1 = 680 mm
b1 = 680 mm
bo = 2720 mm
α= 4 Interior
1.15 Interior
β=
qpcu
Min Of
1- 1.663 N/mm^2
2- 2.120 N/mm^2
3- 1.413 N/mm^2
4- 1.6 N/mm^2
qpcu = 1.413 N/mm^2

Load Details
Floor Cover 0 t/m^2
Wall ( If Found ) 0 t/m^2
Live Load 0 t/m^2
Pu 50 t
Calculations
Ws = 0 N/mm^2
Area Pun. = 489600.00 mm^2
Qup 500000.00 N
qpu 1.174 N/mm^2
qpu = 1.174 N/mm^2
Result :
Safe Punching

Design of Flat Slab “Sap2000”:
Sap2000
- Show forces/stress
- Select Shells From Shown Menu

- Select Ultimate From Case/Combo Name Menu
- For (Moment @ X Direction (Steel @ X Direction)),(Max (–)

Moment @ Columns)
Select M1-1
M1-1
X
X
Sap2000
78
10 ф 6 16
Excel Sheet 1.97

X
1.97
Mmin Mmax
•
Mmin
Mmin
Mmin
- For (Moment @ Y Direction (Steel @ Y Direction)),(Max (–)

Moment @ Horizontal Beams)
Select M2-2
M2-2
Y
X
1.97
Mmin Mmax
•
Mmin
Mmin
Mmin
- Show forces/stress – Shells – M1-1 (Moment (-) @ X Direction

(Steel @ X Direction)).
- Mmin= -Y
Mmax = -X
Y>X
Mmax Mmin
•
Mmin
Mmin
Mmin
M 2 -2 M 1 -1
Y X
- Show forces/stress – Shells – M2-2 (Moment (-) @ Y Direction

(Steel @ Y Direction)).
- Mmin= -Y
Mmax = -X
Y>X
Mmax Mmin
•
Mmin
Mmin
Mmin
•
2.4 -
-
-
(MShown - Mmin)
MShown
Sap2000
-
. (
2.07 •
Mmin
3.5
Mmin
4.14 2.07 X 2
2.07 X 1.5
3.5 3.105
• M1-1 :
•
La Ld
109
6
0.25
1 0.25 6
3.5 1
12
16
1.97 10 ф 6
3.08 Mmin
16
16 1.11 1.97 3.08
3
3.5 9 3X3
• M2-2 :
•
La Ld
109
.
:
Mmin
Mmin
-
-
6 Or 5 ф 10 / m
ф 12
Sap2000
0.25 -
-
3 Ø 12
.
-
. 1 2.40 Ø 12
-
.
-
:
2– 2–
2–
-
2.4/ 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 8
Ø 65 Ø 40 -
-
20 1 -1
15 1 -2
300 -3
-
-1
-2
-1
2 0.4
% 20
-2
3
5 -
300 3
<<< 162 / -
12
/1000 -
12
13500 -
Drop Panel -
-1
61 -2
Floor Covering
-
Ld = 65 ф
Ld (Development Length) & La (Anchorage Length)
• Ld (Development Length)
- Text = Fbond
π Fy
- Text = D2 * X
4 γs
- Fbond = π * φ * Ld * Fbu
Fcu
- Fbu = 0.3√
γc
𝐹𝑦
𝐷∗ ( 𝛾𝑠 )
- Ld =
4 𝐹𝑏𝑢
-
Fy -
Fcu -
.α -
-
β
-
η
𝐹𝑦
( 𝛾𝑠 )
- Ld = 𝜑. 𝛼. 𝛽. 𝜂.
4 𝐹𝑏𝑢
Ld -
65Ø 40Ø (Ld)
Fy = 360 N/mm2 1.3
MR -
0.3 d + La
La MR -
10 0.7d (La) -
Max Moment -
Ld+0.3d
Ld+0.3d≤
0.3 d + Max Of (0.7 d Or 10 φ
Curtailment of bars for beam

-
qu ≤ (2/3)*(0.5 qcu + qsu)
s b (0.4/Fy)*b*s
¾
32 31 -
31 -
0.3 d
-
Ld
-1
Ld
% 25
1.3
% 25
1.3 Ld
-2
Ld
28 -
Beams:
Introduction
Sap2000
d/L < 0.8

d/L < 0.4
L d
(First Principle)
d - a/2
T
C=T
0.67 *(Fcu/Ƴc)* a * 1000 = As *(Fy/ Ƴs)

a
Mu = As *(Fy/ Ƴs)* (d-(a/2))
Use Excel Sheet ;)
:
-
31
32
-
% 40
% 10
% 20
-
mm 600 -
%8
300 10 ф2
C.G
Beams Design “Sap2000”:
- Show forces / Stress >> Frames >> M3-3.

- Combination (Beam).
- Show Value on Diagram.
- For Horizontal Beams >> View >> Set 3d View >> XZ >> Elev
45, Aperture 0.
- For Vertical Beams >> View >> Set 3d View >> YZ >> Elev 45.
- Right Click --- Show Max
- Show forces / stress – Frames – Shear 2 2.
- Change Scale of Shear to (-).
- For Horizontal Beams >> View >> Set 3d View >> XZ >> Elev
45, Aperture 0.
- For Vertical Beams >> View >> Set 3d View >> YZ >> Elev 45.
- Use Beams Design Sheet.
Notes :
700 10 ф 2 -1
-2
N = (t-100)/300
. -3
-4
3 -5
3
4 2 -6
.
n=(b-25)/(ф+25) -7
.
S -8
:
. 25 -
. -
. 5 -
-9
.
-10
-11
-12
8ф 6 5 -13
8 ф 10 8
20 5 -14
8ф -15
ф 65 ф 40 -16
5 -17
-18
ф ф 12 2.5
-19
√Fcu
0.225 ≥ 1.1/Fy
M Min Of
Fy
1.3 Asreq mm
μmin = Max Of : 0.15/100 H.T.S
0.25/100 N.M.S
200 100 -20
-21
0.4
*b*S
Fy
0.15 * b * s
. 0.10 * b * s
5ф6
8ф6
S b
40 -22
25
-23
% 20 -24
-25
Pre Camper 2 5
3
2 3–5
5 -26
300 3
-27
-28
Check Shear of Beams
Qcr
1- qu =
b∗d
50 – d b
2- Qcr
d/2
a -
d/2 ≤ a ≤ 2d
d/2
a -
a ≤ d/2
Tie -
•
250
Fcu
3- qcu = 0.24 √ N/mm2 For Beams
γc
Fcu
qcu = 0.16 √ N/mm2 For Hidden Beam & Footing
γc
qcu/2
Fcu
4- qumax = 0.7 √ N/mm2 ≤ 4 N/mm2
γc
10 ф 10
5- Check Shear :
- If qu ≤ qcu
8ф 6 5
- If qcu ≤ qu < qumax
qs = qu – (qcu/2)
qs
External Shear Force = Internal Shear Force

Qex=Stress * Area = Qin= Stress * Area
qs * b * d = (Fy/γs) * n * As * d/S
𝐹𝑦
𝑛∗𝐴𝑠∗( )
qs =
γs
𝑏∗𝑆
n -
2 n
4 n
As -
mm 50.3 8 ф
mm 78.5 10 ф
b -
mm 200 100 S -
2 b
40 40
8 4
S
5 200 -
6
200 100 -
S S 1000
100 -
n = 2 ------ ф = 8
n = 2 ------ ф = 10
n = 4 ------ ф = 8
n = 4 ------ ф = 10
Z
Z
1 1
qcu
qcu
Z
0.4
*b*S
𝐹𝑦𝑠𝑡
:
0.15 * b * S
0.10 * b * S
6ф5
8ф6
S b
2 1
3
qu ≤ qcu
8ф6
Check Torsion of Beams
d/2
Mtu
qtu =
2∗Ao∗te
Ao
Aoh 0.85 Aoh
te:
te = Aoh/ph
ph
L or T
-1
-2
Fcu
qtu ≤ 0.06 √ N/mm2
γc
√qu2 + qtu2 ≤ qumax

Where
Qcr
- qu = N/mm2
b∗d
Mtu
- qtu = N/mm2
2∗Ao∗te
Ao = 0.85 Aoh
te = Aoh/ph
Fcu
- qumax = 0.7 √ N/mm2
γc
< qtu < qumax
Fcu
0.06 √
γc
200 S
ph/8
Mtu∗S
Astr = Fyst
S=
2 Ao∗
γs
Ast = (qsu * b * S)/(Fyst/ γs)*n
0.4
* b * S ≤ (2Astr ) Torsion Only
𝐹𝑦𝑠𝑡
0.4
* b * S ≤ (2Astr + Ast) Torsion & Shear
𝐹𝑦𝑠𝑡
-1
Astr + Ast/2
S 2Astr + Ast
-2
Astr + Ast/4
Ast/4
S 2Astr + Ast
Take Attention
Astr∗ph 𝐹𝑦𝑠𝑡
Asl = *
S 𝐹𝑦
b Astr
≥ Acp
6 Fyst S
√qu2 + qtu2 > qumax
. ph/8 200 -1
-2
12 15
300 -3
-4
-5
-6
R.F.T Used To Resist Torsion
Stairs:
Introduction :
18 14 R
30 26 G
30 15
62 – 60 2
-
2 0.2 0.1
2 0.3
2 0.4 0.3
2 0.2 0.1 -
1.5 0.9 -
0.6 0.3 -
-
2 6 3 6 3
14 10 -
20 -
15
5
4 1 5 15
4 10
4 2
Types of Stairs:
1- Cantilever type.
2- Slab type.
3- Slab - beam type.
4- Spiral type.
5- Free-stranding type
The main differences among these types are the way through which the
flights and the landings transfer their loads to the supporting beams and
columns.
1-Cantilever Stair :
In this type, the flights, the landings and the stairs act as
a cantilever slab supported on a beam or a wall. Care
should be taken to the correct placing of the main
reinforcement in the stairs and inside the beam during
construction time.
R.F.T :
- Section Side View Of R.F.T :
- Section Elevation Of Stair Step R.F.T :
2-Slab Stair :
In this type, the Main Supporting Element is The
Slab itself the flight could Be Supported on the
landing which is in turn supported on the
Supporting Beams.
1- Beams @ perimeter of Stair Or @ along the long sides :
2- Beams @ the Short Side :
R.F.T :
If the slab thickness exceeds 160 mm, a top reinforcement
mesh must be supplied to control shrinkage and
temperature. However, this reinforcement is only required at
the landing level as the stair reinforcement acts as shrinkage
reinforcement as shown:
Since the landing and the stairs are not straight, internal
forces are generated in these sloped elements. The two
tensile forces T1 and T2 generated at the kink, producing a
third outward force F, This force tends to cause splitting
cracks
if the produced stresses exceed concrete tensile strength.
Thus, tension reinforcement should be extended from each
side so that no outward force is generated.
1- Upper junction R.F.T :
Wrong
Right
2- Lower junction R.F.T :
3- Stair Step R.F.T :
3- Outdoor Stair :
16 ф 3 or 4
6 or 7 ф 8 /m
1.5
147 1.5
149 Sap2000
Sap2000
-1
Ultimate -2
-3
Stairs Load Case 1.4
148
-4
1.50
3 2 -
3 2 -
1.50
1.50
1.4 -1
Stairs Load Case
-2
-3
Stairs Load Case
1.5
2
1.5
0.75
0.75 m 3m 1m
1.5
1.5
Sap2000 Stairs Load Case
-4
1.4 Ultimate
1.4 Stairs Load Case
Dead Stairs Load Case
55 54
Ex : Reaction Dead + Live Of Stair >> 4.870

Reaction Total to add @ Dead Load Case >> 4.870/1.4 = 3.47
Sap Will Convert Load to Ultimate by 3.47*1.4 = 4.870
Stairs Load Case
4.870/1.4 ton/m
1.50
Stairs Load Case
(4.870 1.4 1.5 ton/m2
2
Stairs Load Case
2 4.870 1.4 ton
Stairs Load Case
Sap2000
Simple
Cantilever
-1
-2
Manual Calculations of some Stairs
1- Two & Three Flight Stair :
One Way
One Way Slab thickness: (effective Length is the Main Strip Length)
1- ts Min :
- Simple Span >> L/30
- Cont. From One Side >> L/35
- Cont. From Two Sides >> L/40
2- ts Satisfy Deflection:
- Simple Span >> L/25
- Cont. From One Side >> L/30
- Cont. From Two Sides >> L/36
- Cantilever >> L/10
600 400
(fy/650) 0.4
2 10
Min ts = 150 mm
Strip 1 Strip 2
L=1.2 + SQRT (1.52+32) + 1.2 = 5.754 m
SQRT
22 L/26.2
29.5 2 15 22
Loads = 1.5 (γc * ts + F.C + L.L)
= 1.5 (2.5*0.22 +0.2 + 0.3) = 1.575
Moment = 1.575*1.52/8 = 0.443
-1
Loads = 1.5 (γc * ts + F.C + L.L) + R from Strip 2 /

= 1.5 (2.5*0.22 + 0.2 + 0.3) = 1.575 + 1.18/ 1 = 2.756 t/m
-2
Loads = 1.5 (γc * ts + F.C + L.L) + R from Strip 2 /

= 1.5 (2.5*0.295 + 0.2 + 0.3) = 1.856
θ Cos θ
θ=
θ = 3 / SQRT (1.52+32) = 0.8944
Loads = 1.5 ((2.5*0.295)/0.8944) + 0.2 + 0.3) = 1.986 t/m
Strip 2
Strip 1
6ф12
7ф16
6ф12
7ф16
6 ф 10 As main 20%
29.5
22
d
Columns:
Introduction:
Common Types of Columns:

1- Rectangular, L-Sec, Other Shape of Column.
2- Circular Columns with Circular Stirrups.
3- Circular Columns with Spiral Stirrups.
Column Design Equation:
To Determine The Type Of Column Design:

1- e = Mu/Pu < 20 mm
Neglect Mu & Design Column Subjected to Pu only
e = Mu/Pu ≥ 20 mm
Calculate e/t
2- e/t ≤ 0.05 t
Neglect Mu & Design Column Subjected to Pu only
e/t > 0.05

Calculate K
3- K = Pu/(Fcu x b x t) ≤ 0.04
Neglect Pu & Design Column Subjected to Mu only
K = Pu/(Fcu x b x t) > 0.04

Design Column Subjected to Mu & Pu
• If Column Subjected To Pu (Compression) Only :
Column Design Equation is :
(Pu x 103) N = (0.35 x Fcu x Ac) N + (0.67 x Fy x As) N
% 80
1.75 e/t
1.34
Pu =
0.67 𝑥 𝐹𝑐𝑢 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝐹𝑦
+
𝛾𝑐 𝛾𝑠
Pu =0.383 x Fcu x Ac + 0.75 x Fy x Asc

-
20 mm , 0.05 t
% 10
Pu = 0.35 x Fcu x Ac + 0.67 x Fy x Asc
Vol 1 = 0.25/100 x b x t x 1000

Vol 2 = n x Asφ x Length
8 6
(Pu x 103)N = (0.35 x Fcu x Ak)N + (0.67 x Fy x As)N + (1.38 x Fyp x Vsp)N
OR
Pu x 103 N =1.14 x ((0.35 x Fcu x Ac) N + (0.67 x Fy x As) N)
Where :
Ac :
Ak :
As :
Fy :
Fyb :
Vsp :
P: 80 – 30
Fcu
Vol = 0.35 x x (Ac – Ak)
Fyp
Pu (KN) x 103 = 0.35 x Fcu x Ak + 0.67 x Fy x Asc + 1.38 x Fyp x Vol
80 30
π∗Dk∗As∅
Vol =
P
-
-1
30 80 -2
10 100
8 -3
Draw Relation between Load & deformation For
Short Columns:
Notes:
- Load Capacity of Spiral Column Is More than Tied Column By 14 %
- Load Capacity of Tied Column Is Less than Spiral Colum By 12 %
- The Mood of Failure of Spiral Column Is Better Than Tied Column
- The Mood of Failure of Columns Is Compression
• If Section Of Column Subjected To Mu Only :
• If Section Of Column Subjected To Mu & Nu (Compression) :
- Use Interaction Diagram:
“Interaction Diagram”
How to Use Interaction Diagram?
e/t ≤ 0.2 Use Uniform Steel

Steps to Use I.D:
0.2 < e/t ≤ 0.5 Use α = 1
1- Knowing Cross Section Dims.
e/t > 0.5 Use α = 0.4 – 1
2- Determine I.D Page :
- Fy >>> 240 / 280 /360 / 400
- α >>> according to e/t
- ζ >>> (t- 2 Cover)/t
𝑒
3- Calculate K , K x
𝑡
4- Get ρ
5- Calculate μ = ρ x Fcu x 10-4
6- Calculate As = μ x b x t
7- Calculate As’ = α x As
8- Check Asmin
Places of Point Of Section “Using Applied Straining Actions”
Example of Design Section Using I.D:
Section R.F.T :
-1
L 0.05 L 20
ey = Mux/N ex = Muy/N
ey > 20 mm ex > 20 mm
ey/t > 0.05 ex/b > 0.05
-2
-1
- If : Mx/a’ ≤ My/b’
My’ = My + β (b’/a’) * Mx
- If : Mx/a’ > My/b’
Mx’ = Mx + β (a’/b’) * My
Where :
- a’ = a-Cover ( The Distance From C.G Of R.F.T To Concrete
Surface ) >> Mx
- b’ = b-Cover ( The Distance From C.G Of R.F.T To Concrete
Surface ) >> My
- β Table :
Interaction Diagram
1- Rb = Pu (Kn) x 1000 / (Fcu x b x a) >>> a,b (mm) , Fcu (N/mm2)

2- Fy = (240 / 280 / 360 / 400) N/mm2
3- ζ
4- Horizontal Axis : (Mux (Kn.m)x 106)/(Fcu x b x t2) >>> a,b (mm) ,
Fcu (N/mm2)
5- Vertical Axis : (Muy (Kn.m)x 106)/(Fcu x t x b2) >>> a,b (mm) ,
Fcu (N/mm2)
6- Get ρ
7- Calculate μ
8- Get Astotal = μ x b x t
9- As @ Each Side = Astotal /4
Note that:
(ζ x t) is the Distance between Upper & Lower R.F.T @ Section
Rb ≤ 0.5
1- Rb = Pu (Kn) x 1000 / (Fcu x b x a) >>> a,b (mm) , Fcu (N/mm2)

2- (Mux/a’)/(Muy/b’)
3- αb
4- Mx’ = αb x Mx
5- My’ = αb x My
6- Use I.D Of Uniaxial Moment
7- Get Asx, Asy
Braced Or Unbraced / Short Or Long :
1- Braced Or Unbraced :
Unbraced Column Braced Column
-1
-2
-3
𝑁
αx or y = Hb √
𝛴 ( 𝐸∗ (𝐼𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑦))
≤ 0.6 If n ≥ 4 Floors
≤ 0.2 + 0.1n If n < 4 Floors
1- Hb :
2- N :
3- Σ EI :
4- N :
Note That :
Iy X -
Ix Y -
-
Examples of Braced & Unbraced Buildings:
2- Short Or Long :
λb,t
He
λb,t = t Or b
Where:
He -
λt,b
Ko∗Ho
λt,b = b Or t
He
Ko =
Ho
177
Ho -
“Ho Value for Different Slab Systems”
180 (b or t) -
Ko -1
Ko -2
Fixed )1(
Partially Fixed )2(
(Flat Slab)
Hinge )3(
Free )4(
Fixed
Stable Free
• If Building Is Unbraced :
- Rectangular Column:
λb,t ≤ 10 Short Column @ direction t or b
10 < λb,t ≤ 23 Long Column @ direction t or b
λb,t > 23 Unsafe Column @ direction b or t

If Unsafe : Increase b or t
- Circular Column:
λb,t ≤ 8 Short Column

8 < λb,t ≤ 18 Long Column
λb,t > 18 Unsafe Column
If Unsafe : Increase Diameter of Column
• If Building Is braced :
- Rectangular Column:
λb,t ≤ 15 Short Column @ direction t or b
15 < λb,t ≤ 30 Long Column @ direction t or b
λb,t > 30 Unsafe Column @ direction t or b

If Unsafe : Increase b or t
- Circular Column:
λb,t ≤ 12 Short Column

12 < λb,t ≤ 25 Long Column
λb,t > 25 Unsafe Column
If Unsafe : Increase Diameter of Column
Madd = P * δ
Where :
- P
(λb,t,D)2 ∗( b or t or D)
- δ=
2000
b or t or D
b t -
t t
t t -
t b -
b b
b b -
In Plane & Out plane Buckling:
t -
In Plane Buckling
b -
Out of Plane Buckling
Example:
Fcu = 25 N/mm2
Fy = 360 N/mm2
Pu = 1800 Kn
Unbraced Building
Solution:
Out of Plane In plane
Upper Case = Type 1 Upper Case = Type 2
Lower Case = Type 1 Lower Case = Type 1
So K = 1.2 So K = 1.3
Ho = 4.5 m Ho = 4.6 m
λt = (K * Ho)/b λb = (K * Ho)/t
λt = (1.2 * 4.5)/0.25 = 21.6 λb = (1.3 * 4.6)/0.6 = 9.9
10 < 21.6 ≤ 23 10 ≥ 9.9
So Long Column So Short Column

There is Buckling There is No Buckling
So λt = 21.6 (Out Plane Buckling)
(λt)2 ∗( b )
δ=
2000
(21.6)2 ∗( 0.25 )
δ= = 0.0583
2000
Madd = P * δ
Madd = 1800 * 0.0583 = 104.97 Kn.m
So Column Subjected to Normal Force & Moment
e = M/N = 104.97/1800 = 0.0583 > 20 mm
e/t = 0.0583/0.25 = 0.2332 > 0.05 mm
t
0.6 0.25 t
K = Pu / (Fcu x b x t) = (1800 * 103) / (25 * 600 * 250) = 0.48 > 0.04
So Use Interaction Diagram
b = 250 mm t = 600 mm Pu = 1800 e/t = 0.2332 K = 0.48

Fy = 360 N/mm 2
α=1
ζ = (0.25 – 2 * 0.025)/0.25 = 0.8
K * e/t = 0.48 * 0.2332 = 0.112
So ρ = 7
As = As’ = ρ * Fcu *10-4 * b * t = 7 * 25 * 10-4 * 250 * 600 = 2625 mm2
Astotal = 2 * 2625 = 5250
0.25+(0.052∗21.6)
Check Asmin = ∗ 250 ∗ 600 = 2065 mm2 < Astotal (O.K)
100
Note :
This Column Short Or Long ???
For Side 450 mm Is Short

For Side 300 mm Is Long
Short -1
Short t Long Short -2

Long b
t
e,e/t,K
Short b Long Short -3
Long t
b
e,e/t,K
Long -4
λt λb
Short -1
Long b Long Short -2

Short t
t
Short b Long Short -3
Long t
t b
t
b
Column Design “Sap2000”:
Sap2000
Area Method
180
60 30
Sap2000
60 30
-
Sap2000
- Display – Show tables
- Next Window Will appear :
Check at Joint Reactions as Shown Below
Click at Load Cases Next Window Will appear
Select Column Ultimate Then Press Ok
56 Column Ultimate
Ultimate
- Next Window Will appear :
Sort Table Format – Filter Sort
Sort Table Format – Filter Sort

O.K F3
To Excel Export Current Table File
Joint Supports Assignments Select
Sap2000
Show Selection Only View
Labels
Sap2000 -1
Sap2000 -2
-3
-4
t(Chosen)
No of Bars of Diameter Req
Pu Can Be Carried By This Column
-
-
-
Block
Excel
•
%1 -
360 N/mm2 -
25 N/mm2 -
-
-
Pu x 103 (N) = (0.35 x 25 x Ac) N + (0.67 x 360 x 0.01 x Ac) N

Pu x 103 (N) = 11.162 (N/mm2) Ac (mm2)
Pu (KN) = 0.011162 (KN/mm2) Ac (mm2)
Pu (Ton) = 0.0011162 (t/mm2) Ac (mm2)
Pu (Ton) = 0.11162 (t/cm2) Ac (cm2)
Pu x 103 (Kg) = 1.1162 (Kg/mm2) Ac (mm2)
Pu x 103 (Kg) = 111.62 (Kg/cm2) Ac (cm2)
Note:
(Pu) Given from Sap2000 its Unit Is :
Ton If Units chosen at beginning of Program is (ton,m,c).
KN If Units chosen at beginning of Program is (kn,m,c).
Fcu: Fy :
= 250 Kg/cm2 = 3600 Kg/cm2
= 25 N/mm2 (Mpa) = 360 N/mm2 (Mpa)
= 2.5 KN/cm2 = 36 KN/cm2
= 0.25 Ton/cm2 = 3.6 Ton/cm2
= 2500 Ton/m2 = 36000 Ton/m2
Notes:
t/b ≤ 5 -
t/b > 5
3 -
7
100 250 -
150 -
15 -
200
6 5 -
8
% 0.25 -
300 x 300 4 -
250 x 250 -
-
5 -
10 -
61 -
(t) (b) -
-
30 25 -
. b -
40 1 -
As/Ac = 1% -
-
0.8% Ac required
0.6% Ac Chosen
-
0.25 + 0.052 λb, t
: -
. 4% AC
. 5% AC
. 6% AC
%1 -
% 1.2
-
12 -
6 -
2.5 -
-
-
o90
Lo -
-1
500 -2
– 6 1 -3
-
(Frame Action)
Frame Action
-
25
Diagonal Compression
Lo
Compression
It is Must Be
Mcolumn ≥ 1.2 Mbeam
Compression
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
Asmin -9
Asmax
-10
Foundations
Introduction:
Types of Foundations:
-1
% 60 ≥ -
-2
Soil Pressure:
Fmax, min = (P/A) ± (M x Y)/I
For Rec. Footing:

A=LxB
I = (b x L3)/ 12 or (L x b3)/ 12
Y = L/2 or B/2
P 6e
Fmax, min = (1 ± )
b∗L L
-1
-2
: e < L/6 -1
: e = L/6 -2
: e > L/6 -3
Where: e = M/P
Gross and Net Soil Pressure (qtotal & qnet):
qtotal
-1
-2
Working -3
qallowable net
qallowable net ,Bearing Capacity
Area = Ptotal (working column load + O.W of Footing + O.W of Soil)/qallowable net
Area = 1.15 x PColumn/qallowable net

% 15 10
10
% 15
Area = 1.25 x PColumn/qallowable

% 25 20
Dead Load
% 25 20
Bearing Capacity of Soil (qallowable net):
qu = Nc.C.λc + Nq.q.λq + Nγ.γ.B.λγ
C & Ø are Properties of soil

For Clay Soil >> Ø =0 , C=Value
For Sand Soil >> Ø =Value, C=0
Nγ , Nq , Nc Ø
γ
B
q
Df γ
qu
qu net
qu net = qu - Df γ
qallowable net
qallowable net = qu net / F.O.S
qallowable
qallowable = qallowable net + Df γ
50 -1
70 -2
100 -1
150 -2
Design of Isolated Rectangular Footings:
40
qallnet = Pcolumn / Area P.C
40
qallnet = Pcolumn / Area R.C
-1
) -2
(qallnet
qallnet qact -3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-1
- If tp.c < 40 cm
Area of R.C = Pworking/qallnet
LR.c – BR.c = b-a (Where b, a are Column Dims)
Get LR.c, BR.c
50
So LP.c = LR.c + 2 tp.c
BP.c = BR.c + 2 tp.c
qact
qact = (Pworking) / (BR.C * LR.C)
- If tp.c ≥ 40 cm
Area of P.C = Pworking/qallnet
LP.c – BP.c = b-a (Where b, a are Column Dims)
Get Lp.c, Bp.c
50
So LR.c = LP.c - 2 tp.c
BR.c = BP.c - 2 tp.c
qact
-2
Force = Stress * Area

Force = qact * Z1 * 1 Z1 = (LR.C – b) /2
Moment1 = Force * Distance
= qact * Z1 * 1 * Z1/2 ton.m/m
B L
M(t.m)∗10^5
d = K1 * √ Cm
B(100 Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
. 5 d + 7 Cm

Force = qact * Z2 * 1 Z2 = (BR.C – a) /2
Moment = Force * Distance
= qact * Z2 * 1 * Z2/2 ton.m/m
L B
M(t.m)∗10^5
d = K1 * √ Cm
L(100 Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
. 5 d + 7 Cm
Working Stress Design:

Foundation can be designed applying the working stress
design procedures .The following relations are applied:
Where:
k1 and k2 are dimensionless factors, functions of stresses in
concrete and steel reinforcement.
Values of k1 and k2 can be obtained from the given
Table:
(Fc) Allowable stresses in R.C:
The following Table is extracted from the Egyptian Code. It
gives the allowable stresses for bending, shear and punching
shear:
(Fs) Allowable stresses in steel reinforcement:

The two grades commonly used are:
Steel 24/35: fs = 1400 kg/cm2
Steel 36/52: fs = 2000 kg/cm2
-3
(a+d) * (b+d)
L*B – ((a+d) * (b+d))
1 1
a+d) & (b+d 45°
Pw Fact
d
Shear
stress
a) Take Z is The Max of Z1 , Z2 m
b) Qs = fact * (Z-d) * 1 ton
c) qshear = Qs/0.88*(B Or L)*d B Or L = 1m
d) Check That qshear < allowable Shear Stress
If Fcu = 250 Kg/cm2, allowable Shear Stress = 6 kg/cm2
If Unsafe @ Shear Increase Footing Depth ☺
-4
d/2
a) Calculate Punching Area ((b+d)*(a+d))

b) Qp = Pcolumn Working – (fact * Punching Area)
c) qp = Qp/(perimeter * d)
d) perimeter = (2(a+d)+2(b+d))
e) Check That qp < allowable punching Stress
If Fcu = 250 Kg/cm2, allowable Punching Stress = 9 kg/cm2
If Unsafe @ punching Increase Footing Depth ☺
-5
As = (M1(t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/m

Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
As = N Ø Dim /m’
As = (M2(t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/m

Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
As = N Ø Dim /m’
Where k2 = 0.88*2000 (for Steel 360/520)
R.F.T Details
40
Area of R.C = Pworking/qallnet

Get LR.c, BR.c
1 1
Q1-1 = qact * (Z-d) * 1m

Q2-2 = Zero
1 1
Q1-1 = Zero
Q2-2 = Zero
Qp= Pcw – qact * (x * y)

qp = Qp/ (2yd)
Moment at Isolated Footing
1- Fixed Frames :
2- Horizontal Force Far a distance y From C.G Of footing :
3- Hinge Support With Reaction X :
4- C.G isn’t The same C.M :
f = -N/A
M .Y
f = -N/A ±
I
Footing Subjected to N. Force & Moment
Stress due to Normal Force = -N/A
M .Y
Stress due to Moment = +
M .Y
I -
I
Final Stress
M .Y M .Y
f = - N/A + f = - N/A -
I I
ex = My/N
ey = Mx/N
Y ey Mx
X ex My
ey ex
Design of Combined Footings:
R -1
-2
1 – 0.5 -3
-4
- R = P1 + P2
- R * X = P1 * S
- Get X
- LR.C/2 = X + a2/2 + (0.5 – 1)
- Get LR.C
- Get LP.C = LR.C + 2 tP.C
- If tp.c < 40 cm
Area of R.C = Rworking/qallnet
Get BR.c
50
So
qact
qact = (Rworking) / (BR.C * LR.C)
- If tp.c ≥ 40 cm
Area of P.C = Rworking/qallnet
Get Bp.c
50
So
qact
Ww = R/LR.C
Ww
-5
Get Mtop & Mbottom
Zero Shear
P1 = Ww * Xo
Get M3
-6
M𝑚𝑎𝑥(t.m)∗10^5
d = K1 * √ Cm
L(100 Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
5 d + 7 Cm
.
-7
S.F.D
Qcr = Qmax – Ww * d
qshear = Qcr (ton) * 1000 / 0.88 * B (Cm) * d (Cm)
Must be < all. Shear Stress
-8
d/2


-9
Astop = (Mmax Top (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/B

Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * B * d cm2/B
Astop/m = Astop (cm2/B) / B
As = N Ø Dim /m’
Asbottom = (Mmax bottom (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/B

Asbottom /m = Asbottom (cm2/B) / B
As = N Ø Dim /m’
L
L * BR.C
Where L = Column (Length or Width) + d
L1 = b1+d L2 = b2+d
qact
qact = Pcolumn/ (L * BR.C)
1 M = qact * Z2 /2
As = (M (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/m

Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
As = N Ø Dim /m’
Where k2 = 0.88*2000 (for Steel 360/520)
6 Ø 12 / m
10- R.F.T Details
Plan
Elevation
Use Excel Sheet ;)
40
Design of Combined Footings (property Line Column):
Strap Beam
R -1
-2
1 – 0.5 -3
-4
- R = P1 + P2
- R * X = P1 * S
- Get X
- LR.C/2 = (S-X) + a1/2
- Get LR.C
- Get LP.C = LR.C
- If tp.c < 40 cm
Area of R.C = Rworking/qallnet
Get BR.c
50
So
qact
- If tp.c ≥ 40 cm
Area of P.C = Rworking/qallnet
Get Bp.c
50
So
qact
Ww = R/LR.C
Ww
-5
Get Mtop & Mbottom
Zero Shear
P1 = Ww * Xo
Get M -ve
-6
d = K1 * √ Cm
L(100 Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
5 d + 7 Cm
.
-7
S.F.D
Qcr = Qmax – Ww * d
qshear = Qcr (ton) * 1000 / 0.88 * B * d Must be < all. Shear Stress
-8
d/2
For Column 1
a) Calculate Punching Area ((b+d/2)*(a+d))
d) perimeter = ( (a+d)+2(b+d/2))
For Column 2
-9
Astop = (Mmax Top (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/B

Astop/m = Astop (cm2/B) / B
As = N Ø Dim /m’
Asbottom = (Mmax bottom (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/B

Asbottom/m = Asbottom (cm2/B) / B
As = N Ø Dim /m’
L
L * BR.C
Where Linterior Column = Column (Length or Width) + d
LExterior Column = Column (Length or Width) + d/2
L1 = b1+d/2 L2 = b2+d
qact
qact = Pcolumn/ (L * BR.C)
1 M = qact * Z2 /2
As = (M (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/m
Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
As = N Ø Dim /m’
Where k2 = 0.88*2000 (for Steel 360/520)
6 Ø 12 / m
10- R.F.T Details
Plan
Elevation
Design of Strap Beam:
Strap Beam
-1
Strap Beam
-2
X Must be ≥ Both L /2 or L /2 (
1 2 )
-1
Strap Beam
-2
.
-3
. C.G
-4
e C.G
.
Strap Beam
1 – 0.5 -
-
- R1 =(P1 * S)/(S-e)
- R2 =R1-P1-P2
-1
.1
Pworking(max)
.2
- If tp.c < 40 cm
Area of R.C = Pworking1(max)/qallnet
LR.c = 2(Column Dim/2 + e)
BR.c = Area of R.C / LR.c
Get LR.c, BR.c

50
So LP.c = LR.c + tp.c
qact
qact = (Pworking1 max) / (BR.C * LR.C)
- If tp.c ≥ 40 cm
Area of P.C = Pworking1(max)/qallnet
LP.c = 2(Column Dim/2 + e)
BP.c = Area of P.C / LP.c
Get Lp.c, Bp.c

50
So LR.c = LP.c
qact
-2
.1
Pworking(max)
.2
- If tp.c < 40 cm
Area of R.C = Pworking2(max)/qallnet
Get LR.c, BR.c
50
qact
- If tp.c ≥ 40 cm
Area of P.C = Pworking2(max)/qallnet
LP.c – BP.c = b-a (Where b, a are Column Dims)
Get Lp.c, Bp.c
50
So LR.c = LP.c - 2 tp.c
qact
Strap
Strap Beam Beam
Strap Beam
-1
Strap Beam -2
L≥B
-3
X Must be ≥ Both L1/2 or L2/2 ( )
Strap Beam
-
a1 a2
W3 W4
W1 W2
L1 L2
Where :
W1 = R1/ L1
W2 = R2/ L2
W3 = P1/ a1
W4 = P2/ a2
Get Mtop & Mbottom
Zero Shear
P1 = W1 * Xo
Get Mmax -ve
- Assume bbeam Strap = bcolumn + 10 Cm
d = K1 * √ Cm
b(Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
. 5 d + 7 Cm
Qcr = Qmax
qshear = Qcr (ton) * 1000 / 0.88 * B * d Must be < all. Shear Stress
If safe @ Shear Use 6 ф 8/m’ ☺

If Unsafe @ Shear Design Stirrups
How to Design Stirrups ???
1- qshear = Qcr (ton) * 1000 / 0.88 * b * d > all. Shear Stress

2- Get Value Of qshear
3- qshear = (n * As * Fs)/(b * S)
Where :
n ,,, Number Of Stirrups branches (2 , 4 , ….)
As ,,, Area Steel Of One Stirrups branch
Fs ,,, Allowable stresses in steel reinforcement
b ,,, Width Of Strap Beam (cm)
S ,,, Spacing Between Stirrups (cm)
4- With Knowing n,As,Fs,b Get S ( 10 ~ 20 ) Cm
Example :
Qmax = 66.6 Ton b = 50 Cm t = 110 Cm
Fcu = 250 Kg/cm2 Check Shear
Solution:
qshear = Qcr (ton) * 1000 / 0.88 * b * d
qshear = (66.6*1000)/(0.88*50*103) = 14.7 Kg/cm2
“So Unsafe Shear”
qshear = (n * As * Fs)/(b * S)
b > 40 Cm So Use 4 Branches Stirrups
Use ф 10 Mild Steel So As = 0.785 Cm2 & Fs = 1400 Kg/cm2
14.7 = (4*0.78*1400)/(50*S)
Get S = 11.12 Cm Use 9 ф 10 / m’ 4 Branch Stirrups
qshear = (n * As * Fs)/(b * S)
2 b
40 40
8 4
S
5 200 -
6
200 100 -
S S 1000
100 -
n = 2 ------ ф = 8
n = 2 ------ ф = 10
n = 4 ------ ф = 8
n = 4 ------ ф = 10
-
Astop = (Mmax Top (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2

Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * b * d cm2
Astop = Astop (cm2)
As = N Ø Dim
Asbottom = (Mmax bottom (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2

Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * b * d cm2
Asbottom = Asbottom (cm2)
As = N Ø Dim
- R.F.T Details :
Strap Beam
Strap Beam
Strap Beam
Strap Beam
Strap Beam
-1
Strap Beam Strap Beam

Strap Beam
L R.C
B R.C

Force = qact * Z1 * 1 Z1 = (BR.C – b) /2
= qact * Z1 * 1 * Z1/2 ton.m/m
L B
M(t.m)∗10^5
d = K1 * √ Cm
L(100 Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
. 5 d + 7 Cm
: -2
a) Z1 = (BR.C – b) /2 m
b) Qs = fact * (Z1-d) * 1 ton
c) qshear = Qs/0.88*b*d b=1m
-3
Strap Beam -
- Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
Strap Beam -
- As1 = (M (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/m

- Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
- As1 = N Ø Dim /m’
Where k2 = 0.88*2000 (for Steel 360/520)
-1
Strap Beam Strap Beam

Strap Beam
L R.C
B R.C

Force = qact * Z2 * 1 Z2 = (BR.C – b) /2
= qact * Z2 * 1 * Z2/2 ton.m/m
L B
M(t.m)∗10^5
d = K1 * √ Cm
L(100 Cm)
Where: K1 = 0.3
7 d
. 5 d + 7 Cm
: -2
a) Z2 = (BR.C – b) /2 m
b) Qs = fact * (Z2-d) * 1 ton
c) qshear = Qs/0.88*b*d b=1m
-3
Strap Beam -
- Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
Strap Beam -
- As2 = (M (t.m) * 105)/ (K2 * d) cm2/m

- Check Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
- As2 = N Ø Dim /m’
Where k2 = 0.88*2000 (for Steel 360/520)
Footings RFT Details:
Min Strap Beam

Asmin = 0.15/100 * 100 * d cm2/m
Strap Beam
Design of Raft:
% 60 ≥
5–4
Shells
0.5 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
Sap
Shell Shells 2000
Shells
Shells 2 4 -1
2 2 4
Shells
20 -2
-3
X -4
y -5
-6
Shells
Shells
X Shells
Y Shells
Shells
Shell 8 Shell 2
Shell 512 Shell 128
0.5 – 0.25 Shells
Ar Shell
Shells 2 4 -1
Shells
2 2 4
Shells
20 -2
-3
X -4
Y -5
-6
Shells
Shells Ar
X Shells Ar
Y Shells Ar
1 Shells Ar
1 1
Shells
Shells
0.25 0.25
0.5 0.5
0,0,0
Ix , Iy , Ixy , Area
1- Get C.G Of Loads :

-Get Sum Of Working Loads Of all Columns Of Building = (N)
-Take Copy Of Repetitive Floor Sap Model & Open it
-Mark All The Drawing >>> Joint restrains >>> Free
-Point @ (Bottom-Left) Make it Fixed
-Run The Model
-Get Reactions @ Fixed Joint (M1-1 >> Mx , M2-2 >> My , N’)
Sap2000 Fixed -
Ex’= My/N’ >>> >>> Draw Axis Y
Ey’= Mx/N’ >>> >>> Draw Axis X
(Fixed) -
Axis X Axis Y Sap2000
Ey’ Ex’
1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 - ….. -
Working -
Y X Y X -
-
Y X X Y
Y X -
P P.Y P. X
-
P.Y P.X -
XBar P. X -
Y Y
YBar P. Y -
X X
X Y -
Sap2000
Sap2000 Run -
Ctrl + T -
-
O.K -
-
0,0,0
Sap2000
0,0,0
How to Calculate Stresses Under Raft By Using Excel Sheet ???
1- Find Ix , Iy , Ixy and Area Of Raft From (AutoCAD):
Assume Raft Extension @ Streets
Mark All Raft Boundaries
Convert To Region (Use Region Order @ AutoCAD)

Inquiry Menu
Select Raft Region
Get Centroid of Raft (C.G of Mass)
Draw Point @ Centroid of Raft Gotten above

Compare With C.G of Loads
If O.K (C.G of Mass nearby C.G of Loads)

Move The Raft From its Centroid Point Drawn to 0,0,0 Of AutoCAD
Inquiry Menu
Select Raft Region after Moved it From its Centroid to 0,0,0 Of
AutoCAD
Take the Values of Ix , Iy , Ixy , and Area
If Not O.K (C.G of Mass faraway C.G of Loads)

Assume New Raft Extension @ Streets until Get C.G of Mass
nearby C.G of Loads
Then
Move The Raft From its Centroid Point Drawn to 0,0,0 Of AutoCAD
Inquiry Menu
Select Raft Region after Moved it From its Centroid to 0,0,0 Of
AutoCAD
Take The Values Of Ix , Iy , Ixy , Area
To Get the Best Design of Raft It Must Be No Moment Acting on It

and We Can Do This by Make C.G of Mass nearby C.G of Loads
Note :
The Values Of Ix , Iy , Ixy , Area are Real When The C.g Of Shape is at
0,0,0 Of AutoCAD Program
80
% 10
2 – – – –
0,0,0
Ix , Iy , Ixy , Area
ex , ey
X Y X Y
- + + +
C.G of Load C.G of Load
- - + -
C.G of Load
C.G of Load
C.G of Mass
ey ex
How to Us Excel Sheet ??
(Bearing Capacity) -
(Foundation Depth) -
t/m3 1.8 y Soil -
10 tR.C -
30 tP.C -
. 20
L.L of Basement -
(Working Load) N -
ex,ey -
Mx, My due to Earthquake -
. Ordinates -
Notes:
-
.
-
.
1.33 -
-
d = tR.C – 70 (( 0.15/100) * 1000 * d)
mm
Making Of Raft Sap Model:
-
0,0,0
Sap2000
- Draw Shells (0.25*0.25) @ AutoCAD.

- Draw Columns as Any other Layer.
- Save as DXF.
- Import to SAP2000 (Shells Frist Then Columns.
- After importing shells.
- Define Raft Shells as Area Section its Depth is The Value of tR.C
entered @ Excel Sheet of Calculation of Stress.
- Put The Soil as springs “Making of springs is Before Import Columns”.
. Shells Springs -
- Select All Raft.

- Assign joint springs.
K <<< Translation 3
K
Translation 3 K interior spring
K edge spring K Shells
K corner spring K Shells
The spring stiffness = Coefficient of sub grade reaction (ks) * Area served.
The coefficient of subgrade reaction is a relationship between the soil

pressure and its settlement so the coefficient of subgrade reaction ks can
be defined as:
Ks = q/Δ
The unit of the coefficient of the subgrade reaction is t/m 3. The value of
the coefficient of subgrade reaction differs according to the type of soil.
In general, the higher the bearing capacity, the higher the coefficient is.
Each Spring Depends on (K)

K interior spring = (100 – 120) * B.C (t\m2) * Area of Shell
K edge spring = K interior spring / 2 The Served area by node is half
K corner spring = K interior spring / 4 The Served area by node is quarter
- Import Columns from DXF.

- Define Column as Frame Section its Dims is 0.01*0.01.
- Mark Each Point of Shell Corner inside Column Range and Put Load
@ it = ( - P working of column / Number of Points inside Column
Range Marked).
- To Put Load @ Point >>> Assign >>> Joint >>> Force @ Z Direction ( 3-
3 Direction )
- The Best Dims Of Raft Shells Is 0.25 * 0.25
- Analysis >>> Set analysis options >>> XY

- Run The Model
Sap2000 -
-
(( 0.15/100) * 1000 * d)
tR.C – 70 mm d
Sap2000
Excel
70 T.S.Cover
Ultimate
Working 1.5
Working Sap
1.5
15.44 Working
M1-1, M2-2 -
-
M2-2 M1-1
-
M2-2 M1-1
-
-
60 -
-
-
1 65 -
: -
2– 2–
2–
7 7 100 1
86
2 2 20
78 2 2
1
30
238 78 30 30 100
qna = Net bearing capacity
.
qt= gross bearing capacity
D*¥
A= (P / qna) or (P / qt - D*¥) or ( Pt / qt
A
P
qna
qna +D*¥ qt
D
¥
Pt
Pt
Pt
gross bearing capacity
Pt 1.20
1:1
(t) (X)
(S)
M = 0.50 * S * C2 t/m/m'
Moment of inertia at sec (A-A) = (1.00 * T3)/12 m4
%10
2 200 28
Fcworking = 40 kg/cm2
Ft=4.00 kg/cm2
Ft=(M/I) * y
Ft= {(0.50 * S * X2)/ (1.00 * T3)/12}*(0.5 *T)

Ft= 3 * S (X /T)2
X = T (Ft/(3 * S))0.50
X=1.15 T 2 (S)= 1.00

1.15
X= 0.94 T 2 (S)= 1.50
0.94
X=0.82 T 2 (S) = 2.00
0.82
Lateral Loads:
Earthquake
Introduction:
1- Equivalent Static load (1993 Code)

2- Response spectrum Method (2011 Code)
3- Time History Analysis
Fmax
Fmin
Max Moment
-
X&Y
-
X
Y
1- Ductile Frames Only:
2- Shear walls and core Only:
3- Frame and (Shear walls (Or/and) core):
Shear Bending & Shear Bending
Y X -1
-2
Sap2000 -3
Y X -4
Y X -5
-6
-7
Y X -1
Excel
Fb = Z*I*K*C*S*W
Fb :
X
Y
Z:
0.1
0.2
0.3
K:
1.33
0.67
0.80
1
% 25
C:
1
C= < 0.12
15√T
T:
T = 0.1 N
N
T = 0.09 H /√B
X Bx
Y By
Bx
Fbx By
Fby
I:
1.25
S:
1.15
1.30
W:
∑ (D.L + Ψ L.L)
D.L : Total Dead Load Of Building

Ψ : Factor Depending on Live Load Of Building
= 0.5 If Live Load > 500 Kg/m2
= 0 If Live Load ≤ 500 Kg/m2
L.L : Total Live Load Of Building
Working Live Load Dead load
Fi = Wi * Hi * (Fb – Ftob)/∑ (Wi * Hi)
Wi
Hi
Fb
Ftob
Ftob = 0.07 T * Fb
Y X
T ≤ 0.7 Fb % 25
Fmax
Fmax = Fbi + Ftob (If Founded)
Fmin
Total Moment = ∑ (Fi * hi) + Ftop * hTotal
Y X
-1
100
5 -2
-3
18 -
15 -
12 -
25
-4
Ftop -
T > 0.7
T = 0.09 H /√B
Ftop 0.7 T T B
0.25 Fb
Ftob = 0.07 T * Fb
Ftop 0.7 T
Wind Load
F = Cf * K * q * A
Wi = Cf * K * q
Fi = Wi * Area of each Effected Part From building
Where :
1- Cf :
H/B
25 7 1
1.3 1.3 1.2
1.5 1.1 1
1.4 1.2 1
2- K :
K
1 0 – 10
1.1 10 – 20
1.3 20 – 30
1.5 30 – 50
1.7 50 – 80
1.9 80 – 120
2.1 120 – 160
2.3 160 > More
3- q :
90
80
70
60
50
4- Area :
Bx
X
Fwx By By * hi
Y
Plan of Building
Bx * hi
Fwy A3
K3
F3
A2
K2
F2
A1
K1
F1
Solution,,,
1 K
1 K
-1
(Dead Load)
-1
-2
-3
%10
D.L = 1.1 * {(γc * ts + F.C (t/m2) + Wall (t/m2)) * (Area of Floor)}

+
{γc * (Total Concrete Wall Height * b * t)}
L.L = (L.L * (Area of Floor))
-
-
Distribute Wall Load @ Area with Load Equal

(Wall Load (t/m) /3). t/m2
0.2 – 0.5 (t/m2)
Total D.L of Building = No.Of Floors * D.L of One Floor

Total L.L of Building = No.Of Floors * L.L of One Floor
Sap2000 -2
Sap2000 Run -1
Ctrl + T -2
-3
Select Load Cases -4

O.K Live Dead
O.K -5
Global Fz -6
Dead )
( Sap2000
Total Dead Load of Floor
Sap2000 -3
1- Take Copy Of Repetitive Floor Sap Model & Open it

2- Mark All The Drawing >>> Joint restrains >>> Free
3- Point @ (Bottom + Left) Make it Fixed
4- Run The Model
5- Get Reactions @ Fixed Joint
Force 3
-4
-
20
2 0.15
2 0.25
0.9 * Area of Floor (t/m2)
-
20
2 0.15
2 0.45
1.1 * Area of Floor (t/m2)
Response Spectrum
Y X -1
Fb = Sd (T1) * λ * (W/g)
Fb :
X
Y
-1
-2
A -
B -
C -
D -
S, TB, TC, TD
-3
Ct
- Steel moment resisting frames : = 0.085
- Reinforced concrete moment resisting frames :
(Space frames)
Non-ductile frames (flat slabs) = 0.075
Ductile frames (beams & columns) = 0.075
- All other buildings

Cores or Shear walls = 0.050
Combinations of (cores or shear walls)& Frames = 0.050
Time Period -4
T1 = Ct * H3/4 ≤ 4 Tc or ≤ 2 Sec
Tc
-5
ag
ag = 0.10 g
ag = 0.125 g
ag = 0.15 g
ag = 0.20 g
ag = 0.25 g
ag = 0.30 g
γ -6
1.4 – –
1.2
0.80
η -7
Steel with Welded Connections = 1.20

Steel with Bolted Connections = 1.05
Reinforced Concrete =1
Prestressed Concrete =1.05
Reinforced Masonry Walls = 0.95
R -8
4.5 -
3.5 -
2 -
5 -
4.5 -
4.5 -
-
7 -
5 -
-
:
-1
-2
% 25 -3
6 -
5 -
3.5 -
R=5
T1 Sd(T1)
λ -9
λ = 0.85 If T1 ≤ 2 TC
λ = 1.00 If T1 > 2 TC
g -10
9.81 m/sec2
W -11
W = ∑ (D.L + Ψ L.L)
D.L : Total Dead Load of Building

Ψ : Factor Depending on Type of Building
= 0.25
= 0.5
=1
L.L : Total Live Load of Building
Working Live Load Dead load
-1
60
-2
4
%5 -3
-4
% 15 Y X
%5
% 75 -5
-6
10 -
8 -
25
-7
Response Spectrum -8
Fb = Sd (T1) * λ * (W/g)
Equivalent Static Load Ultimate

Working
Fi = Wi * Hi * (Fb)/∑ (Wi * Hi)
Wi
Hi
Fb
Total Seismic Load Story Forces
Height of each Floor
Total Moment = ∑ (Fi * hi)

Y X
+Ψ
Ψ
‫إذا لم يكن وزن األدوار متساوي نطبق المعادلة كاملة دون حذف‬
Ultimate -
Check Working 1.4 Mbase Ult Fb
sliding and Check overturning
M = Fb * (2/3) * HTotal of Building
Frame action
Iy X
t
Iy = (b * t3)/12
Ix = (t * b3)/12
My X
Ix Y
Ix = (b * t3)/12 t
Iy = (t * b3)/12
Mx Y
Area Inertia
Ix , I y
Core L-Section
Ductile Frame
Frame action
Y X
% 15 – 10
C.R C.M
C.M
C.R
5% edesidn
ex = edesignx + 0.05 Lx
edesidn :
ey = edesigny + 0.05 Ly
C.R
Datum
Y Y Xc.R
X Yc.R
X
Y
X
Ix Sw4 Sw1
X
Y
Iy Sw3 Sw2
How to Get Properties of Any Shape by Using AutoCAD :
1- Draw Shape With Scale 1:1
2- Mark All Shape
3- Convert To Region (Use Region Order @ AutoCAD)
4- Inquiry Menu
5- Select Shape Converted To Region
6- Get Centroid of Shape
7- Draw Point @ Centroid of Shape (Gotten above)
8- Move The Shape From its Centroid Point Drawn to 0,0,0 Of
AutoCAD
9- Inquiry Menu
10- Select Shape Converted To Region after Moved it From its
Centroid to 0,0,0 Of AutoCAD
11- Take The Values Of Ix , Iy , Ixy , Area
5.93 Y
7.85 X
5.93
7.85
Shear wall
C.M
- Get Sum of Working Loads Of all Columns of Building = (N).

- Take Copy Of Repetitive Floor Sap Model & Open it.
- Mark All the Drawing >>> Joint restrains >>> Free.
- Point @ (Bottom + Left) Make it Fixed.
- Run The Model.
- Get Reactions @ Fixed Joint (M1-1 >> Mx, M2-2 >> My, N’).
Sap2000 Fixed -
Ex’= My/N’ >>> >>> Draw Axis Y
Ey’= Mx/N’ >>> >>> Draw Axis X
Sap2000 (Fixed) -
Axis X Axis Y
Ey’ Ex’
1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 - ….. -
Working -
Y X Y X -
-
Y X X Y
Y X -
P P.Y P. X
-
P.Y P.X -
X P. X -
Y Y
Y P. Y -
X X
X Y -
Sap2000
Sap2000 Run -
Ctrl + T -
-
O.K -
-
0,0,0
Sap2000
0,0,0
-1
Fbxi = Fbxtotal * (Iyi/ΣIy)

Fbyi = Fbytotal * (Ixi/ΣIx)
**
-2
Yi Xi
C.M
Fbx Mty
C.R
Mtx
Fby
C.M
Fbx
‫ذذ‬
C.R
Fby
How to Calculate Inertia of Frame action :
b ∗ t^3
12
Max of Ix & Iy
Making Of Lateral Load Sap Model:
- Prepare DXF File as Shown

Draw Point @ Center of Each Column or Wall
Draw Point @ Center of Mass (Recommended C.M Of Dead
Load Only) Of Floor
Draw Shells between Previous Points as Shown
Shells Must Meet @ Center Of Mass of Floor
Draw Frames Action as Lines
- Open Sap2000 Program.

- Units (ton, m, c).
- Import Shells from Dxf.
- Materials (Define – Materials - Add new Material - Switch to
advanced property display - Concrete(isotropic) – Modify -
Weight per Unit Volume - Mass per Unit Volume - Modulus
of Elasticity - Specified Concrete Compressive Strength, f'c-
Poisson's Ratio).
- Define Columns, Frames and Core as Frame Sections.
- Define Slab (2 cm) With Option Shell Thick.
- Define Load Patterns (EQx, EQy) Type (Quake)
Auto Lateral Load Pattern (None).
- Load Cases (Delete Modal).
- There is No Load Combinations at 3D Model.
- Assign Shells Thickness.
- Import Joints
- Mark all Joints
- Go to edit – extrude – Points to Frames.
Frame
- Assign Frame Sections Of Columns, Walls and Core (each

Column With its Real Dimensions).
- @ XY View Of Program Go to View – Set 3d View – XY To
See Columns With Its Sections (View With Type Extrude View)
- If Columns aren’t @ Correct arrangement Select Column
(Notice That You Select Column @ all Floors) then go to assign –
Frame – Local axis – 90o.
14
- Import Frames from DXF.

- Assign Frame Actions Beams.
- There is No Moment Release for Beams.
- Select all Objects – Edit –Edit Lines – Divide Frames – Break
at intersections…..
- Analyze – set analysis options – Space Frame.
- Right Click @ any place Of Sap2000 Workspace – Edit grid
data – Modify/show system
- @ Z Grid Data Put each Floor Height From Foundation

@ X Grid Data Ordinate = 0
@ Y Grid Data Ordinate = 0
- Replicate Floors :
1. If Ground Floor Height Not The Same Repetitive Floor

Height :
1- Mark all Members

2- Edit – Replicate – Number = 1 , dz = Height Of Repetitive Floor
3- Hide Frames , Uncheck Invisible @ joints

4- View – Set 3d View – Xz , Aperture = 0
5- Mark all Lower Points Of Ground Floor
6- Edit – Move dz =
Here Ground Was 4 Meter & Repetitive Was 3 Meter
7- Show Frames again

8- Make Previous Joints as Fixed Restraints
9- Mark all Members For First Floor After Ground
10- Edit – Replicate – Number = Number of Floors Remain, dz =
Height of Repetitive Floor.
11- Select all Objects – Edit –Edit Lines – Divide Frames – Break at
intersections…..
Here Building Was Ground with Height 4 m & 10 Floors Rep with Height 3 m
Our Building at Standard View
Our Building at 3D View
2. If Any interior Repetitive Floor Height Not The Same
Remaining Repetitive Floors Height OR There Is Ground &
Basement:
1- Mark all Members

2- Edit – Replicate – Number = (Total Floor Number -1) , dz = Height
Of Repetitive Floor
3- Hide Frames , Uncheck Invisible @ joints

4- View – Set 3d View – Xz , Aperture = 0
5- Mark all Lower Points Of Ground Floor
Here Ground Was 4 Meter & Repetitive Was 3 Meter
7- Show Frames again

8- Make Previous Joints as Fixed Restraints
9- Mark all Members from 3rd Repetitive Floor To Up
11- Check Floor Height By Check Grid Using
(As Our Z Grid data is Correct So at Each Z Grid One

Floor Must be appeared at Check).
- After Replicating all Floors >>Select all Objects – Edit –Edit
Lines – Divide Frames – Break at intersections…..
Don’t Forget To Save Your Model ☺
Our Building at Standard Side View Our Building at 3D View
- Adding Lateral Loads at 3d Model :
1- View Model with XY View.

2- Start With Z = 0
We Move Between Floors by Using

3- Select C.G Of Loads Point Of Each Floor
4- Assign Joint Load
5- Put Load Fx For Each Floor at Load Pattern EQx
Force Global X
***
6- Put Load Fy For Each Floor at Load Pattern EQy

Force Global y
****
Fx & Fy from Excel Sheet of Lateral Load Calculation for

Each Floor
Note That : Flateral load final floor = Fi final floor + Ftop (If Founded)
EQ @ X Direction:
After Calculating Lateral Load at X Direction With Excel Sheet

We Get Lateral Load Value Of Each Floor as The Following :
***
EQ @ Y Direction:
After Calculating Lateral Load at Y Direction With Excel Sheet

We Get Lateral Load Value Of Each Floor as The Following :
****
Lateral Loads for Ground Floor as Example (Put at C.G of Loads
of This Floor)
- At X Direction
Force Global X = Value

Force Global Y = Zero
Repeat Previous Steps for Each Floor at X Direction First Then add
Load at Y Direction as Following
- At Y Direction
Force Global X = Zero

Force Global Y = Value
Repeat Previous Steps for Each Floor at Y Direction.
How to Show Final Loads of Lateral Load acting on Building:
(Just View From another Project Not the Same We Explain It Previously)
1- View Model with XY View.

2- Hide Shells
3- View > Set 3d View > XY
4- Select all Points Expect C.G Of Load
5- View > Remove Selection From View

6- View Model with 3d View.
7- Display > Show Load Assigns > Joints
8- Select EQx Once
9- Check Values Of Lateral Loads at X Direction Of each Floor
10- Display > Show Load Assigns > Joints
11- Select EQy Once
12- Check Values Of Lateral Loads at Y Direction Of each Floor
View of Lateral Loads Values
(Just View From another Project Values Not the Same We Explain It Previously)
EQ at X Dir. Loads Values EQ at Y Dir. Loads Values
Note: The Previous Calculations Were of another Project So This

Values of Loads Shown at Floors Not the Same of Calculation but I Only
Show the Steps of Showing Each Floor acting Lateral Load.
After adding Lateral Loads
1- Select All Model
2- Edit > Edit Lines > Divide Frames > Break at intersections…..
3- Run The Model
4- Show Deformed Shape
5- Select EQ Direction (Once at Y and Once at X)
6- Show Wire Shadow
7- View Model at XY View

8- View > Set 3d View > XY
Building Must Sway For EQx (From Left To Right Then
From Right To Left) & There in No Torsion
Building Must Sway For EQy (From Top To Bottom Then
From Bottom To Top) & There in No Torsion
EQy
EQx
9- View Model at XY View
10- Move To Final Floor Using
11- Read Values Of U1 & U2 For Each Corner Of Floor (just Move
Mouse Pointer towards Corner and Stop at it )
Approximate Method to Know That There is No Torsion

acting on building :
- At EQx >> U2 Must be < 10% U1 For Each Corner Of Floor
- At EQy >> U1 Must be < 10% U2 For Each Corner Of Floor
There is another Method to add Lateral Load acting on a
Building:
1- Define Slab (2 cm) With Option Shell Thin.
2- Mark All Slabs and Assign It With Slab Defined Previous.
3- View Model at XZ View.
4- View > Set 3d View > Xz
5- Mark All Building Expect Foundation Points.
6- Assign > Joint > Constrains
7- Add New Constrain
8- Make as Next Pic Options
9- OK To Close This Window

10- Go to Define > Define Load Pattern.
11- EQx, EQy >> Type: Quake >> Auto Lateral Load Pattern: User Loads.
12- Modify Lateral Load Pattern
13- Next Window Will Appear
14- For EQx Put Fx For Each Floor & Fy = Zero & X Is The Coordinate X Of
C.G Of Mass & Y Is The Coordinate Y Of C.G Of Mass
15- For EQy Put Fy For Each Floor & Fx = Zero & X Is The Coordinate X Of
C.G Of Mass & Y Is The Coordinate Y Of C.G Of Mass
Building C.G of Loads

Coordinates Gotten
Previous
Adding Of Lateral Load Resistance Members:
Define > Section properties > Frame Sections > Add New Property
- “L Section” Choose Angle Section :
Note : Don’t Forget To Change Material To Concrete
- “Core” Choose Channel :
- Any Other Shape :
Define > Section properties > Frame Sections > Add New Property
1- To add its Inertia Only :

Choose General
Insert Values of Iy, Ix Only
Iy
Ix
1-1
3-3 2-2
2- To add an irregular Shape :

Choose Section Designer
- Name Section
- Change Material
- Click Section Designer
• As Example I Want To Draw This Shape :
First Draw First Angle with Dim:
Height = 2.25 (Vertical Length) Thickness = 0.25
Width = 2.25 (Horizontal Length) Thickness = 0.25
- Draw > Draw Structural Shape > Angle.
- Click at Any Place of Workspace.

- Shape Will Appear.
- Click at Shape with Right Click of Mouse and enter Values of Shape
at appeared Window.
Then Draw Second Angle with Dim:
Height = 1.25 (Vertical Length) Thickness = 0.25
Width = 1.25 (Horizontal Length) Thickness = 0.25
- Draw > Draw Structural Shape > Angle.
- Click at Any Place of Workspace.

- Shape Will Appear.
- Click at Shape with Right Click of Mouse and enter Values of Shape
at appeared Window.
We Need To Flip Second Angle and Rotate it 1800
- Select Reshaper To Move Angle 2 at Correct Position
This Black Lines Mean That Two Angles Are Not
One Body (Separated) & Have 2 C.G
- Select Two Angles.

- Edit > Change Shape to Poly.
- Select Two Angles.
- Edit > Merge Two Polys.
There Is No Black Lines Mean That Two Angles
Are One Body (Connected) & Have One C.G
- To Draw:
- To Draw:
View Values of Moments acting On Walls, Cores and
Frames Due to Lateral Load:
1- Hide Shells.
2- View Model at XY View.
3- View Model as Extrude View Type.
4- View > Set 3d View > XY.
5- Mark All Walls and Cores and Frame actions.
6- View > Show Selection Only
Because Of Max moment Of Cores & Shear Walls Located in its
end so to View Moments :
1- View > Set limits
2- Change Max Value Of “Set Z Axis Limits” To 0
3- View Moment acting On Members
For EQx Choose EQX

For EQY Choose EQY
Note That:
• At EQX Condition Members Who Resist at This Direction are The
Only Members “Moment Will Appear on It” “My”
• At EQy Condition Members Who Resist at This Direction are The

Only Members “Moment Will Appear on It” “Mx”
If Member Resist Lateral Load at Two Directions???
1- View Moment acting On Member
2- At EQX Condition :
Select Moment 3 – 3
Read Value of Moment Acting on Member
Take the Max of Two Moments Previous as “My”
3- At EQy Condition :
Take the Max of Two Moments Previous as “Mx”
Showing Moment of Frame action acting on its Beams & Columns
1- View Model at XY View.

2- View Model as Extrude View Type.
3- View > Set 3d View > XY.
4- Mark One Frame action from all.
5- View > Show Selection Only
6- View Model at 3D View.
7- According to Frame action face “Here is XZ”

8- Go To View > Set 3d View > “XZ”.
9- View Model as Standard View Type.
10- View Moment acting On Members
For EQx Choose EQX

For EQY Choose EQY
Frame action
Frame action
M3-3 Frame action -

M 2 -2
Width Depth
Depth Width
Frame action
Frame action
18.69 10.05
8.64
% 25
Design of Lateral Load Resistance elements:
1- Core & Shear Waals :
CSI Column Sap2000
-1
%1
2m
0.25 m
2 500000 250 2000
3.9 0.20 0.20 1.75 1.75

2 5000 500000 0.01 %1
2 201 16
26 24.8 201 5000
7 6.66 3.9 26
27.3 3.9 7 7
14 28
6
14
-2
(Ac * (0.2/100))
4 3
2 500000 250 2000
2
2 1000 500000 * (0.2/100)
2 500 1000/2
2 201 16
3 2.48 201 500
6 -3
10
-4
-1
- As ≥ 0.5 % Acreq
≤ 4 % Acchosen
- Øv ≥ 8 mm 12 16
- µmin ≥ 0.8% 360 240

≥ 0.45% 600 400
≥ 0.40%
µmin
-2
- As ≥ 0.3 % Ac chosen
≥ 0.25 % Acchosen
- Øh ≥ 8 mm
≥ Øv/4
CSI Column
General Options Options -1
Material Properties Define Material -2
Fcu %80 Fc’
Rebar Type >>> Custom
Rebar Fy >>> 3600 Kg/cm2
E >>> 2000000
Stress – Strain Curve >>> Elasto-Plastic
Rebar Set >>> User
Edit
d 10 >>> d” ”” ”
Add Basic Conc Shape Draw -3
add Shape from Library
ShearWalls.lsd
Open
Load from Floor + O.W Of Wall -
O.W of Wall = Hwall total * b * t * Ƴc
%10
Working Equivalent Static Load -

Ultimate Response Spectrum
-
% 20
-
Working
Working Sap2000
Working
Working Equivalent Static Load
Interaction Diagram
Ultimate CSI Column
Load Combination
0.8*(1.5 * Total Vertical Load acting on Wall + 1.6 Moment of Lateral Load)
1.2 * Total Working Vertical Load acting on Wall + 1.28 Working Moment of Lateral Load
Ultimate -1
Total Working Vertical Load acting on Wall
Ultimate -2
Working Moment of Lateral Load
-3
1.2 * Total Working Vertical Load acting on Wall + 1.28 Working Moment of Lateral Load
16 6 0.25 2
326 Working
87 Working
Y
25 200
Ø 24 6 3.9 6 0.2 0.2 1.75 1.75
326
87
Mx Y
Add Basic Conc Shape Draw -1

Concrete Rectangular
Stress -Strain Curve
-2
Ultimate 489 326
Ultimate 139.2 87
Mx Y
-3
Auto Design Option
O.K
Start Auto Design Auto Design Option
18 16
Interaction Diagram -4
LDC001 (Bot)
LDC002 (Bot)
LDC003 (Bot)
-5
File
Report Creation Wizard
Select All
Generate Report
-1
-2
-3
–
-4
-5
t b Excel Sheet -6
-7
Excel Sheet
Polyline
-8
-9
Polyline
Polyline
Polyline
Polyline
Diff. Columns :
Add. Columns :
65
20 45
40 -
6 2.9 -
8
((8 * 2) + (6 * (2.9-2)))/2.9 = 7.379
20
-
5 Ø 12 3 6 Ø 16
6 * (2.60) = 15.6 >>>16 Bar

6 * (2.35) = 14.1 >>>15 Bar
6* (1.74) = 10.44 >>> 11 Bar
6* (1.49) = 8.94 >>> 9 Bar
3 * 4 Corners = 12 Bar
Total Bars = 63 Bar
5
0.6 0.4
-
Frame action
-
-
-1
-2
-3
Polyline
Excel -4
-5
Excel -6
-7
t b Excel Sheet -8
-9
Polyline
Excel -10
-11
Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
17 -1
15 -2
14
-3
Ø 12 70 -4
30
-5
-6
-7
23 13 -8
-9
-10
. -11
-12
-13
-14
Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
-1
3 10
Excel
162
815.55 162 (10 10 1321.2)
Shop Drawing
7 0.8 0.4
6 0.8 0.4
-
25 -
–
– -
-
25
12
-
– 1.5 – –
10 – 10
-
50
-
-1
:
0.4
0.8
" "
" "
. / / -1
-2
2 1 -3
.
-4
.
-2
-3
Gg , Gs , Gc
1000
.2 / 240 28
: 16 3 % 40
3.15 =
2.65 =
1700 =
% 40 %40
% 60
% 66.7 % 33.3 G = 1.5 S
.
:
100 50 2 / 28 3
300 60 240
3 150 300 0.5 0.5
SO, S = 800 Kg
G = 1200 Kg
Elevation
Side View
2.5
4 -
1.33 -
1.33 -
3.33 -
2 -
0.75 0.5
4 0.25 0.5 0.5
0.5
2 0.5
0.5
2 0.5
2 2
3 4
1.33
0.5
1.5 3 0.5 3
0.667 1.5 1
0.667
0.667
1.334
10 12 10
0.3 0.1 3
1 1
3.33 0.3 1
3.33
33.33 3 0.1 0.1 1 1
133.33 3 0.025 0.1 1 1
66.66 3 0.05 0.1 1 1
2.5
% 50 40 -1
10 300
2
2 3000 300 * 10
1350 0.45 * 3000

45 -2
3 60
-3
3 100 90
3 100 90 solid slab -4
(25 22) *
3 150 120 flat slab -5

% 25 15 -6
3 250 180 -7
80 60 25*12*6 -8
2 300
19500 300 * 65 25*12*6
4 3 25*12*6 -9
-10
3.00 2.70
2 420 2.8 * 150 2 150
2 2.00 1.50 3 -11
2 8.00 6.00 3 -12

-13
2 70 60 2
25*12*6 -14
70 60 2 1 2 8 3 1
3 0.67 4 3
6 3 1 3
-15
30 20 -16
1.5 -17
-18
-19
2 -20
-21
-22
0.5 2 200 9 3 1 3 1
2 2 40 6 3 1 3 1
5*10
50
50
2
-23
-24
7.5 15
7.5
-25
-
120
120
-26
%1
2 2 40 6 3 1 3 1 -27
-28
-29
1
-30
0.5 2 15 5
2 15 5 5
0.5
-31
-
-32
-
20
-
-33
-
125 5 3 0.4 3 0.8 3 1
-
175 7–6 3 0.4 3 0.8 3 1
3 (1/7) -34
25 2 4
25 1 2
25 0.5
-35
15*15*15
3 100 6
3 100 6
%75 7 3
%100 28
56 28
-36
10 230
100
100
90
80
120 x 120
140 80 x 80
90
90
100
220
90
1
1
-37
2 2
1.5 2
(0.5 x 0.5) /
25*12*6 -38
70 58 2 1
-39
80 60
70
-
2 1.80
-
1.5
2.80
1.30
2.5
127.5
-
-
3
5 4
-40
2 8 1 1
-41
1200 - 1300
25
2.5 2 1
1700 - 2300
20
2 2 1
-42
2 1 1.5
2 8.5 10*1
-43
1.5
1 - 2.5
2.5
4 2.5
7 – 28 -44
30 -45
%5 -46
3%
8%
3%
-47
2 300
-48
16 1.5
20 8
10
1
28
-49
2 25
2 25
3 3
16
16
-50
6 1
12
16 12
1/7
1/5
45 -51
10 -52
-53
-54
100
30
12
-55
30 60
20
8
135 10 10
40
-56
25
1 40
40
40
30
10
5
-57
20
8
135 10 10
30
5
5
-58
(7 – 5)
2.5
-59
(Expansion Joints)
25 40
12
(Settlement Joints):
-
spans
(Construction Joint):
Minimum Shear
(Isolation Joints):
(Control Joints):
(Pressure Reliving Joints):

(Frames)
-60
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Introduction of Excel Program:
9–8–7–6–5
4–3–2–1
1- Round
2- RoundUp
3- RoundDown
4- Ceiling
5- Trunc
= ( , )
1- Round :
2.32325 -
2
2.32
4 -
2.3233
2- Round Up :
2.32325 -
2
2.33
4
2.3233
3- Round Down :
2.32325 -
2
2.32
4
2.3232
4- Ceiling :
2.24 2.235 -
0.01
0.1 -
2.3
13 12.532 -
1
2 -
14
3 -
15
5 -
5 3 15 15
5- Trunc :
2 2.32325 -
2.32
4 -
2.3232
1- Abs
2- Sqrt
3- Max
4- Min
5- ( + x / - ) Formulas
(+)
(x)
(/)
(-)
Shells
Sap2000
DXF
Shells
Shells
Sap2000
Sap2000
Sells
Shells
Shells
View Set 3D View
Set 3D View
AutoCAD DXF -1
-2
-3
Sap2000 -4
Set 3D View View -5
XY
270 Plan XY
45
45 270 315 Plan
Plan 45
45 270 225
45 -
45 -
-
45 -
-
276 Plan -6
6 270
OK
-7
Shells
270 6
XY -8
-9
AutoCAD
AutoCAD
2013
2010
2000
Tools -1
Options -2
Open and Save -3
-4
AutoCAD 2000/LT2000 Drawing (*.dwg)
AutoCAD Open and Save -5
Open and Save -6
AutoCAD
.bak
Create backup copy with each save
.bak
.bak .dwg
YES
.dwg .bak
AutoCAD
Drawing1.dwg Drawing1OLD.dwg
Drawing1OLD.dwg Drawing1.dwg
OK -7
Open and Save
DXF Shells
Etabs Sap2000
Etabs
AutoCAD DXF
Import
Etabs Sap2000
Import
3DFace
“3F” AutoCAD Etabs
DXF
DXF
fb.com/groups/Smart.Notes93/756786017787152
3DFace
3DFace
DXF
3D Face
3DFace
AutoCAD DXF
3DFace
3DFace
DXF
3D View
DXF
Plan View
3DFace
3DFace
Check Shell -1
Layer Format -
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Layer 1
“0-Opening”
Check Shell -
AutoCAD -
DXF -2
Layer Isolate Layer tools Format -
3DFace -
DXF
Enter 3DFace -
Layer Format -
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“Check Shell”
“0-Slab”
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-
Turn The current Layer on
“Check Shell”
DXF 3DFace -3
Hatch “h” -
AutoCAD
OK
“Add: Select Objects” -
Enter 3DFace -
OK OK -
3DFace 3DFace -
3DFace
“3F” “3DFace” 3DFace -

Check Shell 3DFace
Check Shell
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3DFace -
AutoCAD
Shells -
www.yasserelleathy.com -1
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2007 -3
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2008 -5
2001 -6
Contents:
AutoCAD:
1- SETUP PAGE 3
2- CONFIGURATION ORDERS PAGE 3
3- IMPORTANT ORDERS SHORTCUTS PAGE 20
4- TOGGLE DRAWING MODES PAGE 21
5- MANAGE WORKFLOW PAGE 21
6- EXPLAIN OF SOME ORDERS PAGE 22
7- NOTES PAGE 36
8- PRINT FROM AUTOCAD PAGE 44
9- PREPARE DXF FILE OF FLOOR PAGE 46
Design:
1- MAKING OF SAP2000 FLOOR MODEL PAGE 47
2- OPTIONS OF SAP2000 MODEL PAGE 63
3- DEFLECTION PAGE 64
4- DETERMINATION OF WALL LOAD RESTED ON SLAB PAGE 66
5- SOLID SLAB:
a) Introduction PAGE 68
b) Determination of solid slab depth PAGE 72
c) Design of Solid Slab “Sap2000” PAGE 75
6- FLAT SLAB :
b) Determination of Flat slab depth PAGE 89
c) Determination of Drop Panel Dimensions PAGE 90
d) Determination of Column Head Dimensions PAGE 90
e) Marginal Beam PAGE 91
f) Check Punching Shear PAGE 92
g) Design of flat slab “Sap2000” PAGE 98
h) Development & anchorage Length PAGE 111
7- BEAMS:
b) Beams Design “Sap2000” PAGE 119
c) Check shear Of Beams PAGE 122
d) Check torsion Of Beams PAGE 131
8- STAIRS:
b) Types of Stairs PAGE 141
c) Stair loading “Sap2000” PAGE 147
d) Notes of stairs PAGE 152
e) Manual calculations of stairs PAGE 158
9- COLUMNS:
b) Column Design Equation PAGE 164
c) Design columns subjected to Normal Force Only PAGE 165
d) Design columns subjected to Moment Only PAGE 170
e) Design columns subjected to Normal Force & Moment PAGE 170
f) Design Of Bi-axial Columns PAGE 173
g) Braced or Unbraced / Short or Long Columns PAGE 177
h) Column Design “Sap2000” PAGE 193
i) Notes of columns PAGE 204
10- FOUNDATIONS :
b) Types of foundations PAGE 210
c) Soil pressure PAGE 213
d) Gross and net Soil Pressure PAGE 215
e) Bearing Capacity of Soil PAGE 217
f) Isolated Footing PAGE 219
g) Working stress design PAGE 224
h) Combined Footing PAGE 238
i) Design of strap beam PAGE 262
j) How To Determine Finite Shells Dimensions PAGE 278
k) Raft Design
- Get C.G of Loads PAGE 290
- Calculate Stresses Under Raft PAGE 294
- Notes PAGE 299
- Making of Raft Sap2000 Model PAGE 300
- Additional Notes PAGE 305
11- LATERAL LOADS :

a) Introduction of earthquake PAGE 307
b) Cal. of earthquake load according to Equivalent Static L.M PAGE 310
c) Cal. of Wind load PAGE 317
d) Calculation of Building Weight PAGE 329
e) Cal. of earthquake load according to Response Spectrum M PAGE 332
f) How to Resist Lateral Loads acting on a building PAGE 344
g) C.M & C.R PAGE 346
h) How to get Properties of any shape Using AutoCAD PAGE 348
i) Manual Distribution of Lateral Load Forces on L.L.R.E PAGE 355
j) Making of Lateral Load Sap2000 Model PAGE 358
k) Adding Of Lateral Load Resistance Members PAGE 384
l) Viewing Of Results at Lateral Load Sap2000 Model PAGE 394
m) Design of lateral load resistance elements PAGE 405
Special Subjects:
1- QUANTITY TAKEOFF PAGE 422
2- DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIXES PAGE 449
3- DESIGN OF FORMWORKS PAGE 453
4- GENERAL IMPORTANT NOTES PAGE 458
5- INTRODUCTION OF EXCEL PROGRAM PAGE 472
6- REFERENCES PAGE 510
7- CONTENTS PAGE 511
17240/2015

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Smart Notes For Concrete Structures Design Help Page 1 of 513

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3- From Shown Window Select User Preferences:

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