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    3 views12 pages

    Unit-3 ADB

    Uploaded by

    Nishant

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The pracings stiuwer mesg: <-> 93 Plate Girder Bridges i s 5 9 i i irked 331 eae of early steel bridge construction, there has been a mark Preference ince in vi it aesthetics obtainable with this type i i stem, in view of the elegan ; i for the plate girder aoe in maintenance. Plate girder bridges oath i. itwo eee @ deck eae half-through type. Deck type is normally preferred. Hal 9 je i i is high. A plate girder Righway ment to raise the rail level is. g ; se ae ee f reinforced concrete) and stringers Funning i ji tof the deck slab (normally of rei ed c u Te nalirand resting on transverse floor beams, which in turn rest on the plate Girders, ~ In the case of a railway bridge, the plate girders carry the wooden sleepers over which the steel rails are fastened. The girder bridges will be braced laterally at the level of the top i it ist the lateral load due to wind, \d the bottom flange, besides cross bracings to resist \ — a bracings consist of angles and are provided at the ends and at intervals of abou: 4to 5m. There is usually a choice available between (a) using two widely spaced longitudinal girders, with the cross girder system jorting the and (b) providing muftiple longitudinal gird lef with small spacing. In the first case, the cross girder system may consist ‘Of closely spaced cross girders alone or cross girders supporting a system of longitudinal Stringers. The two-girder system necessitates deeper girders and may lead to economy in certain circumstances. For the deck type, the distance between the two girders is kept slightly larger than the gauge of the track to reduce erity of the impact loads on the girders. In the half-through type of bridge, the railway load is carried at the lower flange. 9.3.2 EXAMPLE Typical details of elevation, plan, web splice and cross section for a deck type riveted Plate girder railway bridge of effective span 30 m are shown in Figs. 9.2. and 9.3, The bridge is meant fora single track on broad gauge main line. “ The steps in the design are briefly outlined here: Dead load of sleeper, rails and fittings assumed at 20 kN/m = 600 kN Dead load of girder assumed at 4 kN/m of span = 120 kN Scanned with CamScanner svareqone pee UEURS, INE Feader may Reet Nene ctbes WTS iilecgln ype 96 Box Girder Bridges <<, Developments in welding technology and Precision gas cutting techniques in the post acond world war period facilitated the economical fabrication of monolithic structural steel forms such as steel box Sirders characterized by the use of thin stiffened plates and the close ion. A box girder is built up using a deck plate, vertical or inclined _ webs and a botiom plate. The deck plate carries the heavy traffic loads and so needs stiff Stringers arj ransverse beams to transfer the loads to the box webs by bending. The box wel (0 bending and shear stresses, The bottom plate acts as a chord member for bending and also gets axial tension or compression. It should be well stiffened against buckling under. axial compression, The box girder deck can have single cell or multiple culls, the latter being uneconomical for short spans, i Scanned with CamScanner 251 @ (b) é @ ) i eae: irders. 0 igure 9-5-Typiea! Forms of Box Git Typical forms of Dox girders are show? inFig. 9.5 and they are detailed below: ith wide cantilever" jer side; (@) Rectangular box wi (b) Trapezoidal box sections: (0). Two box sections. which are connected together by bracing for th vided into three cells; of the deck; Box section subd} (@) One wide tt (e) One wide Prone Kept we engl (000 middle box s2cvor ‘e longitudinal-gitder on elther side. Box girder bridges ave_exceptional torsional rigidity resulting in better trans feeddstrioution The depth ‘of superstructure can be shallower with Wey aot pi = Wag fo Tower gradients O° gpproaches. The intermediate supports atest cua ion g span oneitht 1e integral action Scanned with CamScanner 29 Truss Bridges a Fw ox ak Pree "8.1 GENERAL ~ Truss bridges have been used economically in the span range of_100 to 200 mA ridge truss derives its economy from its two major structural advantages; (af the primary forces in its members are axial forces, and (byreater overall depths permissible with is open web construction leads to reduced self weight when compared with solid web systems. The erection of a truss bridge is considerably simplified because of the relative lightness of the component members. The aesthetic appearance of a truss bridge is debatable, mainly because of the complexity of the elevation and the different directions of its members. 9.6.2 TYPES AND COMPONENTS The major types of bridge trusses are shown in Fig. 9.6. The most common formisthe Scanned with CamScanner ) © () © o O) Figure 9.6 Typical Bridge Trusses. the through and deck types, respectively. The that the longer diagonals and (b) for tus, shownin Fig. 25 (6) 0 vred to be advantageous. some of the panels towards Stas som n in Fig. 9.6 (0) On ete in COMPTESSE ion, while the shi erticals f > shorter verticals

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