SHS 12

COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT,
SOLIDARITY AND
CITIZENSHIP

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MODULE 1: COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND COMMUNITY ACTION

Explain the importance of studying community dynamics and community

action in relation to applied social sciences and the learner future career options.

Specific Objectives:
1. Cite the importance of community dynamic.
2. Share significant community- based activities describing the community life.
3. Identify the importance of studying the community action.
4. Express ideas about the importance of studying the community action.

Vocabulary List:
= Community - The word community was derived from the Latin word communis, which means
“common” or “shared”.
= Community Action – is any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement and
empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services to people.
= Community Dynamics - The changes in the community brought about by social, cultural and
environmental experiences whether it is positive or negative development that impacts within the
community.
= Empowerment - enable the people to independently decide, plan- out and take action to control
the situation they have in the community.
= Non-geographical - It is a community formed based on needs, ideas, Community interests,
identity, practices, and roles in social institutions.
= Geographical Community - It is a community where members share the same geographical
vicinity such as a village, province or neighborhood.
= Micro-level community - A community wherein a group is formed based on personal ties.
= Social Capital - Social capital is a positive product of human interaction. The network of
relationships within particular society, to function effectively.

Lesson 1: The Community We Live In!

What is Community and Why is there a Need in Studying this?
Individuals having significant interaction within a specified area becomes one of the
contributory factors in forming community. The word community was derived from the Latin
word communis which means “common” or “shared”. 1
It may share a certain sense of place whether it is geographical area or through a virtual
space. Geographical community is a community where members share the same geographical
vicinity such as a village, province or neighborhood. Nongeographical community is a community
formed based on needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices, and roles in social institutions such
as at home, all work, in government, society, or the community at large. 2
Communication and relationships are imperative in building community. As people
communicate and interact, relationships foster. It develops pattern by which adopted in the
environment.
Communities may also be in two levels: Micro-level community, a group is formed based
on personal ties. This may include groups formed for pursuing common interests or goals like

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forming a small organization to hold a fund-raising activity such as concerts. At macro-level,
large group affiliation is formed such as national communities, international communities, and
virtual communities. Companies and corporations may develop various programs that would
include different members across the country. They will work on meeting certain objectives and
expand on the aspect of community involvement. 3
Mores, values, and identity is a commonality that form culture. Hence, the interest of social
science focused in the study of communities. The following are the importance of studying
community:
1. It motivates people to work together – people feel a sense of community and recognize the
benefits of their involvement. 4(ec.europa.eu)
2. It encourages social, religious, or traditional obligations for mutual help. 5 (ec.europa.eu)
3. People see a genuine opportunity to better their own lives and for the community. 6
(ec.europa.eu)
4. It understands policies promoting community participation that values social capital. 7
(dspace.nwu.ac.za)
5. Community participation could be understood as the direct involvement of citizenry in the
affairs of planning, governance, and overall development programs at local or grassroot levels.
8(dspace.nwu.ac.za)

Understanding community life makes us value the things we have on a daily basis, social
encounter constructs reality and affects some changes within – this is Community Dynamics.
Have you noticed some recent changes in your community?
The changes in the community are brought about by social, cultural and environmental
experiences whether it is positive or negative development that impacts within the community.
People adopt the changes and it has shaped their way of life.

Lesson 2: Importance of Community Action!

Amid the corona virus scare in the whole country, there have been various organizations
who have continuously given their efforts to at least lessen the impact in education. One of
which is ERDA Foundation Inc., a non-governmental and non-profit organization which has been
in service for not less than 45 years dedicated to helping the poor but deserving Filipino children
have access to education. Read and study the short text below.

#ErdaFrontliners #ERDAHeroes
Here are the ERDA Parent Leaders who are actively facilitating the Covid Pulse Ph project of Zero Extreme
Poverty (ZEP) 2030 and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) through Code-NGO. Before this
project, they and their Council of Leaders have already been important partners of the ERDA Social
Workers in the Education, Family and Community Support Programs of the Foundation. During this very
challenging global health situation, we need to sustain their worthwhile activities and livelihood.

Photo taken and news clip from: https://www.facebook.com/erdafoundation

What is Community Action?

Community Action is any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement
and empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services to people. There are 3-key
points in grasping the definition more meaningful:

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 • Understanding – raise an awareness about certain communal issues that needs to be
addressed. People develop the feeling of involvement once they truly comprehend the
situation within. They come together to support advocacies that will overcome community
needs and difficulties.

https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/iiimhTR_stop-bullying-cliparts-people-holding-hands-clipart-
• Engagement – Once issues are assessed properly and people in the community
understand the needs, they work collaboratively to act on it. The main goal of engaging
in the community is to improve the partnership and coalitions among the community. It
is important that engagement occurs so that members will be able to involve
meaningfully in the activities that they have created.

https://ya-webdesign.com/explore/service-clipart-community-involvement/
• Empowerment – enable the people to independently decide, plan-out and take action to
control the situation they have in the community. This means, initiative and decisions
come from internal group organized for the benefit of everyone. It is also necessary that
the community can provide significant networks and linkages that will genuinely serve the
advocacies that they have built.
Hence, the study of community action is imperative in the field of social sciences and
other related disciplines as it lays on the foundation that individuals and families – as
basic unit, are embedded in different social structures that shape the behaviors in the
system. Having knowledge in community action makes an individual understand better
by being aware in the environment, have meaningful engagement and accept
empowerment to create significant impact.
Sorsogon under State of Calamity
The provincial government has placed Sorsogon under a state of calamity even if it has no
confirmed coronavirus case, as a proactive measure against the spread of the new virus.
Mavic Conde Published 3:23 PM, March 17, 2020 Updated 3:23 PM, March 17, 202,
https://www.rappler.com/nation/254837-sorsogon-under-state-calamity ALBAY, Philippines –
The provincial government has placed Sorsogon under a state of calamity even if it has no
recorded case of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 as of Monday, March 16.
The provincial government passed Resolution no. 156 on March 16, declaring the province
in a state of calamity, as a proactive response to the localized COVID-19 transmission in the
country. This declaration acknowledged the Sorsoganons' right to health and safety and to instill
health consciousness among them, especially the most vulnerable. According to the resolution,
"at least 15% of the forecasted affected population based on science-based projection are in need
of emergency assistance. Hence, more than 15 % of the total population is at risk province-wide."
Those most at risk are seniors, and people with diabetes, kidney problems, heart diseases, and
other pre-existing conditions.

References:
1 Semorlan, Semorlan; Community Dynamics and Community Action, “Community, Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship”

4
2 Semorlan, Semorlan; Community Dynamics and Community Action, “Community, Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship”

3 Semorlan, Semorlan; Community Dynamics and Community Action, “Community, Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship”

4Accessed June 22, 2020,

https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/WEDC/es/ES12CD.pdf?f
bclid=IwAR25yajXrF-Q0Z-lOQJZGMP8pdGhiX2bkGxFej98h4B3luimVoCttjqN2xc

5Accessed June 24, 2020,

https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/WEDC/es/ES12CD.pdf?f
bclid=IwAR25yajXrF-Q0Z-lOQJZGMP8pdGhiX2bkGxFej98h4B3luimVoCttjqN2xc

6Accessed June 26, 2020,

https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/WEDC/es/ES12CD.pdf?f
bclid=IwAR25yajXrF-Q0Z-lOQJZGMP8pdGhiX2bkGxFej98h4B3luimVoCttjqN2xc

7Accessed June 27, 2020,

space.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/9517/Lategan_LG_Chapter_9.pdf?sequence=10&f
bclid=IwAR2qhsHfVyaXkynGUw2LMS5CnjQnW8wZV8zhg8EVppC1bLLm1qOvSdO08kM

8Accessed June 28, 2020,

space.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/9517/Lategan_LG_Chapter_9.pdf?sequence=10&f
bclid=IwAR2qhsHfVyaXkynGUw2LMS5CnjQnW8wZV8zhg8EVppC1bLLm1qOvSdO08kM
Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

MODULE 2: DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON COMMUNITY

Define using various perspectives e.g. social sciences, institutions, civil society, and
local/grassroots level.
Specific Objectives:
1. Explain the definition of community in different perspectives.
2. Appreciate different perspectives on community.

Vocabulary List:

= Social Capital - It is defined as the networks of relationship among people who live and
work in a particular society for the effective functioning of the community.
= Communitarianism - It explains the connection between the individual and the
community.
= Self-Organization - The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available,
not needing control by any external agent.

In Module 1, we learned that community is a social unit that shares something in

common. This means that, socialization is an important factor in community dynamics. As
people interact, they start to build relationships that make them share patterns of behavior,
culture, norms and mores. Thus, culture is also formed.

Definition of Community Across Different Perspectives

The Social Science Perspective
“Social Science” is an umbrella term for various fields of study which examines social
relations and human society. It views the community as composed of people interacting with one
another, sensitive to each other’s emotions and subjective point of view. Basically, it describes
“community as a group of people in a particular area interacting together.”

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The following are disciplines in social sciences that related to the idea of community:
Anthropology - This field examines the various aspects of humans, such as their biology,
behavior, culture and social interactions. It may also study how people adapt their ways of living
to different environments e.g, determining ways to help acommunity solve health related
concerns.
This can be addressed by understanding the situation through interacting with the people
in the community. Connecting its history with its present condition, end eventually solving the
community concern.
Economics - This field studies the production, allocation and consumption of goods and
services. In any community, one finds various forms of wealth distribution. The ultimate goal of
economics is to improve the lives of people, such that their needs are satisfied.
Political Science - The field encompasses the various ways and means of allocating power,
influence, decision-making. This includes types of governments and management systems, and
how people in small bands or informal groups make decisions when they do not have recognized
leaders. All communities have some forms of political system.
Psychology - This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and social behavior. This
extends to interaction between people and interpersonal relationships. It comprises a variety of
different subfields including abnormal psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive
psychology and social psychology. Psychology in general is most often associated with the study,
diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses.
Sociology - This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions, and culture. It
introduces the concepts of social capital and communitarianism. Social capital is defined as the
networks of relationship among people who live and work in a particular society for the effective
functioning of the community. The concept of communitarianism explains the connection
between the individual and the community. Every person has a special role in one’s society, and
it’s part of human nature to relate with other people in various conditions or situations.
Civil Society Perspective
Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation or an organization in service to society.
This perspective views society as a community of citizens linked by common interests and
collective activity. Examples include people’s organization, civic organization, and social
movements.
This is considered the affective model of community since a sense of belonging is achieved
due to the collaboration of shared interests and identities in serving the humanity. Groups of
people come together regardless of location, and organize plans to render support and assistance
to society.
Some examples of civic organizations in the Philippines are ABS CBN Foundation, Ayala
Red Cross Foundation, Boy and Girl Scouts of the Philippines and Caritas Manila. The human
right movement, on the other hand, is an example of social movement.

https://www.google.com/search?q=caritas+manila+donation+for+covid&tbm=isch&hl=en-
GB&chips=q:caritas+manila+donation+for+covid,online_chips:poor+families&hl=en-
GB&ved=2ahUKEwjSuJzH9s7qAhVFUpQKHV0OAn8Q4lYoAnoECAEQGA&biw=1159&bih=589#imgrc=2kahTPVU77Jg7M
Local and Grassroots Perspectives
This perspective highlights volunteerism. Members of communities may involve
themselves in various programs or activities. The community uses self-organization and
encourages the local citizens to contribute to the community by taking responsibilities and
actions.
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 Leaders and other members identify the sources of concerns in a local setting and
determine ways to address these problems. Volunteers are mobilized in cooperation with
government decision-makers who will be accountable for their actions. The community also
formulates programs for others, and employs actions according to the needs of the community.
A concrete example of this is when doctors and dentists in different communities come
together to organize medical and dental missions especially for families affected by calamities.
The youth who are full of spirit and energy are often excited to engage themselves in outdoor
activities. Immersing themselves in farming and fishing and taking part in the planting of trees
and crops will serve a meaningful experience for them.

https://redcross.org.ph

References:
Semorlan, Semorlan; Community Dynamics and Community Action, “Community, Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship”
Accessed July 3, 2020, https://redcross.org.ph
Accessed July 3, 2020, https://google.search//cliparts/socialsciences
Accessed July 6, 2020, https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/anthropology.html
Accessed July 6, 2020, https://cliparts.zone/sociology-cliparts
Accessed July 6, 2020, http://clipart-library.com/psychology-cliparts.html
Accessed July 8, 2020, http://clipart-library.com/economics-cliparts.html
Accessed July 8, 2020,
https://www.google.com/search?q=caritas+manila+donation+for+covid&tbm=isch&hl=en-
Accessed July 10, 2020,
GB&chips=q:caritas+manila+donation+for+covid,online_chips:poor+families&hl=en-
Accessed July 10, 2020,
GB&ved=2ahUKEwjSuJzH9s7qAhVFUpQKHV0OAn8Q4lYoAnoECAEQGA&biw=1159&bih=
589#imgrc=2kahTPVU77Jg7M
Accessed July 15, 2020, https://www.unv.org/volunteerism/power-volunteerism
Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

MODULE 3: FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNITY

Analyze the functions of communities in terms of structures, dynamics, and
processes

Specific Objectives:
1. explain the dynamics of your community by recognizing the people who build the
community;
2. assess the structures of your community, and
3. analyze the processes existing in your community.

Vocabulary List:
= Aspects of Community- these include the structure existing in your community which includes
natural environment to the institutions made by man
= Community- group of people in a particular area who are interacting to one another
= Community Power- the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and seek
ways to employ available resources
= Influencer- the person with the most influence, who can lead others to achieve a goal or
accomplish a certain task
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= Leader- the person who has the responsibility of controlling or taking charge of a particular
group
= Leadership-the process and qualities of command and decisiveness with regard to the
necessary actions that ensure the welfare of the community
= Social change- the changes that occur in the social order of a society. These are related to
nature, social institutions, social behavior or social relations, cultural, religious, economics,
scientific or technological forces.

TOPIC 1: Understanding Community through its Dynamics

Leaders are important figures that will guide the members to carry out the plans in
pursuit of the group’s objectives. The guidance of a good leader in a group ensures the coherence
of plans and better implementation of programs.
In the Philippines, the government provides several levels of leadership, from the
president and vice-president, including other government officials at the national and in the
local levels such as mayors, congressmen, and governors. They are appointed based on
qualifications, attitude and most often, through the votes of the residents. It is otherwise known
as Formal Power Structure because they are individuals from whose authority is based on
formal rules appointed by the government.
There are also people who are appointed because of their ability to lead, direct or achieve
without an official leadership title. They are known as Informal Power Structure. They are
popular to others as influencers who can lead others with the most influence. Informal power
comes, not from an official position, but from the respect and appreciation one has earned from
the members of a group. This respect and appreciation allow the individual to influence his or
her peers in a way that others within the group cannot. Examples are managers, supervisors,
philanthropists, businessmen, producers and even employees who lead their group as likable
and charismatic leaders.
Legal authoritative decision-makers, on the other hand, are individuals or bodies whose
authority is based on formal rules and institutions. They are appointed because of their
intelligence, reputations, decision making, dictation from laws and policies and connections.
Examples are the appointments made by the president of the country through his/her Powers of
Appointment as stated in the constitution or with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments like the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders
from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls, etc.
The aforementioned (3) power dynamics are part of individual dimensions of community
which could be:
1. Interrelationship- community leaders are with direct relation with you through familial
relations, affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network, and
2. Organization- they could be part of an institution or an association, that has a particular
purpose in our community.

TOPIC 2: Understanding the Community through its Structures

Awareness of the essential aspects of the community is necessary in aiding the residents
to reflect on ways to be positively involved in its improvement. The poet John Donne famously
said, “No man is an island,” referring to humanity’s interconnectedness and the belief that
humans are always social beings.
Being aware of the structure of the community and exploring its aspects will help you
understand the necessary measures that should be undertaken to serve as an active member of a

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community and as future leaders of the community. The following are the aspects of community
and the factors to explore.
1. Local Politics
• Structure of government
• Decision-making power and control
• Major issues currently in debate
2. Demographics
• Population size (total number of people)
• Population density (ratio of people to the space they inhabit)
• Heterogeneity (the extent to which community members have diverse characteristics)
• Ethnic groups
• Names given to various parts of the community
• Areas known for having their own characteristics (ex: industrial area, blue collar
families)
• Isolation from or closeness to other communities
• History of the area
* Changes and development of the area
3. Geography and environmental influence
the community’s physical environment
the community’s location and proximity to highways, bodies of water or mountains
* existence of recreational areas concerns regarding environment hazards such as
pollution, power shortages, among others
4. Beliefs and Attitudes
cultural values, traditions and beliefs of various segments of the population
spiritual and political values of the residents
available social agencies and the help they can extend
perceptions of residents as part of the community.
5. Local economy and businesses
• businesses, factories and other sources of employment that characterize the community
• nature of business (owned by local residents or government)
6. Income distribution
• public assistance benefits available to residents
• median income level of residents
• income levels and corresponding percentage of population.
7. Housing
• housing conditions
• population density
• types of housing
• ownership and status of houses (rental, real estate, etc)
8. Educational facilities and programs
• education system
• extent of community support
• existence of public and private schools
• adherence to intended curriculum of the Department of Education
• attention to special population (e.g., children with special needs) and to cultural
differences.
• extent to which education brings out the best in the children (participation in
competitions, profile of graduates, training students holistically)
• adequate preparation for adults to enter the labor force
9. Health and Welfare Systems
• adequate numbers of health professionals and specialists
• social service programs

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 • respect of service providers to the needs and values of minority populations
• availability of fire and police protection
• safety of the environment
• the residents’ view on public safety and justice system.
10. Sources of information and public opinion
• presence of TV and radio stations and newspapers which provide the people information
and perspectives on current events
• community organizations’ capacity to update residents on important information
• the capacity of the sources of information to enhance the residents’ skills to promote
positive change
• the presence of community leaders who speak for various marginalized subgroups.
11. Summary Assessment of Community Issues
• overall assessment of community’s functioning
• dealing with social problems (youth gangs, poverty, abuse)
• gaps in social, health care, and other community and educational services

TOPIC 3: Understanding Community through its Process

A leader is an important figure in the community. Leaders must possess important
characteristics such as:
1. Effective Communication - an open communication is highly recommended for leaders and
their constituents. There should be free access to important information concerning social issues
and public matters.
2. Development of Social Capital Building - developing a resilient capital is among the most
important contributors to successful community leadership.
3. Community Engagement - it is important to encourage young leaders to participate so that
they are ready to take over when the time comes.
4. Collaboration - leaders should learn to “build bridges” and develop networks among
community leaders within the diverse fields.
These major components of being a better leader will help improve communities by
effecting positive social change, improve the relationships of their residents as well as build
community power.
Community Power is the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and seek
ways to employ available resources to establish a stronger and successful community.

The diagram below presents some ways for a community to build power.
Civic Involvement in Citizen's voice in
identifying important How to build public prioritization
issues and decision-making
Community
Developing structures Shared leadership/
Power
or systems for shared leadership
power and decision making development planning

References:
1 Semorlan, A.A. and Semorlan, A. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship for Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E Publishing,
2017.

2 Butterfoss, Fran. “Community Engagement and Coalitions.” Published on October

20, 2015 at Slideshare.
Accessed June 22, 2020, https://www.slideshare.net/franbutterfoss/community-engagement-54190796

3 Ezeanu, Eduard. “Formal vs. Informal Power: Two Paths to Social Success.” Published on August 9, 2018 at People Skills Decoded.
Accessed June 23, 2020, http://www.peopleskillsdecoded.com/formal-vs-informal-power/

4 The Official Gazette, “The Executive Branch” Accessed June 25, 2020 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/exec/

5 Edoria, Alejandro. “Looking back: The first barangay polls in PH.” Rappler, May 17, 2015 Accessed June 25, 2020,
https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/first-philippine-barangayelections- may-1982
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6 Norwayblue. “Geriatric care manager and social workers,”deposit photos, In white background, Vector Clipart 69726167, April 7, 2015 Accessed
June 26, 2020, https://depositphotos.com/69726167/stock-illustration-geriatriccare- manager-and-social.html

7 Soto, Cynde. “Farmers market clipart.” Pinterest.com. Accessed on June 17, 2020, https://www.pinterest.co.uk/amp/pin/176977460333223470/

8 Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-rubric Ancient Civilizations.” Published on February 10, 2012 at Slideshare. Accessed
June 18, 2020,https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancientcivilizations

Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

MODULE 4: TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITIES

Differentiate the Typologies of Communities

Specific Objectives:
1. distinguish between formal and informal types of communities;
2. make a community map of a rural and urban community; and
3. explain local and global communities and their relationship.

Vocabulary List:
= Formal Community- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the
relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
= Global Community- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and
groups away from each other in time or space or both.
= Informal Community- seen to typically operate through socio-cultural mechanisms within the
community structures.
= Local Community- characterized by close social integration and physical proximity. Moreover,
it is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment and conditions such as intent,
belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.
= Rural Community- characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along the periphery of
urban centers or in the countryside.
= Typology- a classification according to general type. In this module, this refers to the types of
community.
= Urban Community- described as industrialized and commercial centers where population
density is relatively high compared to rural communities.

TOPIC 1: Formal and Informal Communities

The table below details the differences between formal and informal community. An
example of a formal community is a business firm, where people are assigned positions based on
their job descriptions and functions. One example of an informal organization is a group of
jogging enthusiasts who meet once a week at the city park.
Formal Communities Informal Communities
The group is created as per official The group is formed according to the likes,
authority, fulfill certain goals or objectives interests, and attitudes of the members
The group possesses a systematic The group has a loose structure, and the
hierarchical structure members join to satisfy their social needs
The position of the member defines Every member is important as any other
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 his/her importance in the group member
There is professional relationship There is a personal relationship among
among members members
The flow of communication is restricted The flow of communication stretches in all
due to the chain of command directions

Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit or
where they stay. Some examples of social space include the social center, online social media, or
other gathering spaces where people gather or interact.
Some social spaces are owned by the government, such as town squares, parks, and
beaches. These are spaces generally open and accessible to people. Private social spaces, on the
other hand, are owned and regulated regularly, such as shopping malls. These social spaces may
be used by community residents for their gatherings or simple recreation activities.

TOPIC 2: Rural-Urban Communities

Communities may be located in either rural or urban areas. These areas have distinct
characteristics.
The following are the three general characteristics of rural areas:
a. Population density is found to be low, meaning few people populate the entire
community, and they tend to live far apart from each other.
b. The area is situated geographically distant from larger urban areas.
c. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood, such as farming.

Characteristics of urban areas are as follows:

a. There is higher population density, with more diverse subgroups (ethnic, racial
cultural, age, sexual orientation)
b. Various industries and businesses are found in the areas.
c. A large portion of people lived in rented apartments or homes.
d. Transportation is readily available although this may be costly
e. Urban areas are highly developed with many buildings and structures
f. Traffic and noise levels are high in these areas
g. The large population gives rise to close interactions among many people as well as more
intense political involvement among citizens.

There are also various sectors in different communities. Community sectors are various
groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics such as political,
economic, cultural, and religious beliefs. The various sectors that exist in all communities may
be categorized according to the following sectors with their inclusions:

1. Health
-medical and mental health professionals; pharmacists and pharmacies; hospitals and
other in-patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health practitioners; public health agencies
and systems
2. Education
- public and private preschools, K-12 schools, colleges and universities, school committees,
school administrators, teachers, other educational institution employees; parents, students, state
board of education; adult basic education (ABE) and English as Second or Other Language
(ESOL) programs
3. Law Enforcement
-the local and state police, the court system- judges, probation officers, prosecutors, court
appointed defense lawyers, court-mandated program for offenders.

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4. Government
- regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government bureaucracies, agencies, and
officials, both elected and appointed.
5. Business
- from the self-employed carpenter to the multinational corporation with a local facility.
6. Youth
- youth themselves (generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and those who work directly
with them (youth violence prevention and outreach programs, Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and
Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) parents, human service, culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
7. The Media
- newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, vast array of blogs, videos, online news, and
other materials available on the internet.
8. Human Services
- non-profit professional and volunteer organizations that provide free and affordable
services such as job training, food, shelter, elder services, services for individuals with physical
or mental disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, among others.
9. Religion
- places of worship and their members, religious organizations (e.g. Knights of Columbus,
CBCP) of all faiths, may include the hierarchy of a national church as well (a Roman Catholic
archbishop, for instance)
10. Service/Fraternal Organization
- the Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and other local and national or international service
organizations, college fraternities/sororities or other local and national social clubs, as well
veterans’ organizations and the like.
11. Community Activist Volunteer Groups
- individuals for or against political issue, supportive of existing institutions (“Friends of”
the local park, a school playground volunteer corps), oriented toward economics (groups that
volunteer to help non-profit and small business owners with financial and business plans), or
more generally concerned with the quality of community life (e.g. organizers of community
festivals)
12. Culture
- artists such as musicians, dancers and choreographers, writer, actors and directors,
designers and visual artists, as well as arts organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums,
galleries, and those who work as support staff in the arts- stagehands, cameramen, electricians,
set builders, etc. ; regular consumers and supporters of the arts.
13. Housing Development
- both public and private non-profit housing agencies and organizations that provide rent
subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as developers who build market-rate and upscale
residential and commercial properties.
-may include everyone from fair housing advocates to those who own and/ or manage
urban real estate worth millions of pesos.
14. Sports and Recreation
- sports clubs, town or county recreation departments, amateur and professional athletic
associations, public and private sports and recreation facilities, gyms, coaches, personal trainers,
recreation leaders, and camp directors, as well those who participate in these groups as athletes,
spectators, or supporters.
15. The Environment
- individual environmentalists, international, national, and local environmental
organizations, conservation land trusts, recreational hunters and fishermen, rock climbers and
mountaineers, wildlife biologists and botanists, ecologists, hikers, canoers/kayakers, and other
outdoor people, hydrologists (water specialists), those who make a living from a pristine or
carefully-managed environment.

13
16. Agriculture
- confined to rural areas, may also include dairy farmers, cheesemakers, winemakers and
vineyards, and food processors and packers, including all consumers of the food produced.

Topic 3: Local and Global Communities

A local community is characterized by close social integration and physical proximity.
Moreover, a local community is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment and
conditions intent, belief, resources, preferences, and needs and risks. These factors may affect
the identities of the individuals as well as the community’s degree of cohesiveness.
In addition, a local community may consist of business operators, public agency staff,
residents with interactions that may include sharing of resources, information, and assistance.
Commercial relationships may also be present between local businesses and consumers.
The global community, on the other hand, is a system characterized by integration and
interaction between individuals and groups away from each other in time or space or both. The
word “global” refers to the nation of the world considered closely connected by modern
telecommunication, though they are economically, socially and politically independent
(Sebastian, 2009, and dictionary.com)
The domains and certain aspects of the local and global communities intertwine.
Establishments, programs, and other events that started in the local setup may eventually grow
to have a global presence, such as the Jollibee fast food chain.
Proposed plans and programs in the local community, when implemented successfully,
may reach the global community, and gain traction there as well such as outreach activities,
programs during calamities etc.

References:
1 Semorlan, A.A. and Semorlan, A. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship for Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E Publishing,
2017.

2 Merriam Dictionary. “Meaning of Typology.” Accessed on July 20, 2020. Accessed June 15, 2020, https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/typology

3 Losabia, Kay. “Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship.” Posted on 2018 at Course Hero. Accessed June 15, 2020,
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32993211/Com-appt/

4 Hulett, Matthew. “Philippine Army EOD,” Fort Magsaysay, Philippines, Posted at dvidshub on May 1, 2014.
Accessed June 17, 2020, https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1305565/philippine-army-eod

5 Baiocchi, Stephanie. “The 7 Best Facebook Groups for Inbound Marketers,” Impact, March 8, 2019.
Accessed June 17, 2020, https://www.impactbnd.com/blog/best-facebook-groups-forinbound-marketers

6 Pelletiere, Nicole. “Philippines Crushes World Record for Largest Zumba Class Ever to Dance.”ABC News, July 27, 2015.
Accessed June 18, 2020, https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/philippines-crushes-world-recordlargest-zumba-class-dance/story?id=32667050

7 Briones, Paul. “ Alberta Filipino Journal Finds Its New Sanctuary At The Misericordia Hospital.” Alberta Filipino Journal, December 15, 2017.
Accessed June 22, 2020, http://www.albertafilipinojournal.com/2017/12/alberta-filipinojournal- finds-its-new-sanctuary-at-the-misericordia-
hospital/

8 Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-rubric Ancient Civilizations.” Published on February 10, 2012 at Slideshare.
Accessed June 25, 2020, https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancientcivilizations

MODULE 5A: COMMUNITY ACTION

Specific Objectives:
1. recognize the value of undertaking community action modalities;
2. appreciate the importance of community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship as
part of community action; and
3. show the impact of community action to the lives within a community.

14
 Vocabulary List:
= Stakeholder. It refers to an individual or organization who shares the same interest in the
fulfillment and success of a project in a given community.
= Civic Obligation. A responsibility of a citizen comprised of actions which include participation
in government, non-government organizations, and community activities.
= Psychosocial Program. It helps individuals and communities to heal the psychological wounds
and rebuild social structures after an emergency or a critical event.

A number of us encounter different issues regarding the sustenance of a community. Some

of these issues may include addressing disaster risk management, socio-economic crisis affecting
the community like access to education and other basic services. In this case, actions done by the
community are needed to resolve the problems.
Community action refers to collective efforts done by people directed towards addressing
social problems in order to achieve social well-being. In dealing with community action, it
involves a lot of activities and processes that increases the understanding, engagement and
empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of services to the community. Tree
planting is an example of community action initiatives which aims to promote environmental
awareness and prevention program for natural disasters such as flood. The community builds
collective effort to address the problem. This is why community action helps build community by
sharing community members’ knowledge, skills, and ideas.
You can see in the video above how community action works in communities of Tacloban,
Leyte affected by Typhoon Yolanda in 2014. Different people are involved in their psychosocial
program through sports-based activities. You can also notice that their program has a goal to
accomplish. They capacitate individuals to utilize physical activities such as sports game and
later on contribute to community resilient society. For this program initiative to happen, it is
important to know the following elements of community action: Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship.
Community engagement refers to the process of developing partnerships and sustaining
relationships with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special
interest for the purpose of working for the common good and addressing issues that affect their
well-being. What makes community engagement a very rewarding experience is the amount of
enthusiasm coming from all participants. This means that everyone in the community
participates. You can notice in the video that there is an active participation between young
individuals who are provided with sports project and different institutions which initiated the
project in the community. It is a factor for community members to engage in this type of
activities especially when they know that it will bring impact to the community. All partner
stakeholders including community members should work hand in hand for the success of
community projects.
The goals of community engagement are: 1) To build trust; 2) To enlist new resources and
allies; 3) To create better communication, and 4) To improve overall health outcomes as
successful projects, evolve into lasting collaborations.
With community engagement, the diversity and the number of identified stakeholders can
be expected to increase. Similarly, the sports activities presented in the video created a
multiplier effect not just only in young students but also among teachers and school institutions.
What holds these people to work together is the value of solidarity. Solidarity is essential
to the success of community action. Solidarity is defined as a unity or agreement of feeling or
action, especially among individuals with a common interest and mutual support within a group.
One important aspect portrayed in the video are the victims of disaster which affected not only
15
the people’s socio-economic condition, but also the psychological effect it brings to young
individuals. We have seen the responses of government, private sectors and other civil society
organizations for community action to take effect. This will not be possible without solidarity. It
is the bond that unites the community member to engage and participate in the community with
the same interest. In the context of the video clip, they unified themselves to engage the people
in sports as viable intervention to victims of disaster.
Another community action initiative is the element of citizenship. We involve ourselves to
different activities in the community because we are bounded by the duties and obligations as
citizens. Citizenship is defined as legal status defined by civil, political and social rights. This
means that a person is free to act according to the law and having the right to claim the law’s
protection. In the context of the Philippines, we have given our own individual rights and
privileges with a much stronger sense of individual, collective and communitarian duties and
obligations. We have our civic obligations as Filipino citizen to be responsible with our kapwa
Pilipino. Being a citizen requires us to have moral obligations with our community to build a
peaceful and humane society. The implementation of simple projects in our community such as
outreach programs for underprivileged children, waste segregation, etc., are actions that fulfill
our civic obligation us citizen. Unfortunately, our society seems to suffer from an excess of selfish
individualism where one becomes uninterested with what is happening around. Amid the
different crisis happening in our country, it is an opportunity for us to practice our civic
obligation to our Filipino brothers and sisters even in just our own little effort. At the end, we
are all citizens of this country who need to help one another in working to have better
communities.

References:
Padilla, Reynaldo A. Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship, JFS Publishing Services, Manila Philippines 2016.

Moore Tim, Myfanwy McDonald, Harriet McHugh-Dillon and Sue West, “Community Engagement: A Key Strategy for Improving Outcomes for
Australian Families” Child Family Community Australia Paper No. 39, April 2016.

Sirico, Robert A. “Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue, Action Institute, Religion and Liberty Volume 11, No. 5 July 2010.

Community Tool Box Section 7. Involving People Most Affected by the Problem 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-
ofcontents/ participation/encouraging-involvement/involve-those-affected/main

A Compendium of Daily Lesson Plans and Resource Materials in Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship, Department of Education,
Region III, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from https://www.academia.edu/36784154/.
2_Community_Engagement_Solidarity_and_Citizenship_CSC_Compendium_of_DLPs_Class_F

Local Government Association, United Kingdom, Accessed June 15, 2020

https://www.local.gov.uk/our-support/guidance-and-resources/communityaction/ community-action-overview/what-community-action

Tamayao, Michael John. Citizenship and Suffrage 2014. Retrieved from

https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/02/citizenship-and-suffrage/

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, accessed June 15, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/citizenship/

Landao, Peter. What is a Stakeholder 2017. Accessed June 16, 2020

https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/what-is-a-stakeholder.

United Nation Volunteers 2019. accessed June 16, 2020 https://www.unv.org/volunteerism/power-volunteerism

Sports Management Council of the Philippines, “Replay, Relive, Recreate in Tacloban: Community Engagement through Sports.” December 14,
2015.
http://sportphil.com/replay-relive-recreatein-tacloban-community-engagementthrough-sports/

Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

16
 MODULE 5B: SELF-INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY ACTION
Specific Objectives:
1. acknowledge interrelationship of self and community in undertaking community action;
2. analyze the roles of self in community action; and
3. evaluate a photo and write an insight in involving self to the community.

Vocabulary List:

= Self. In this module, it refers to the individual person as part of a community.

= Role. It refers to the function assumed by the individual in community action.
= Interrelationship. The way in which each two or more things is related to the other or others.

We have discussed in the previous topic about the meaning of community action
and its importance in the development of society. We have also tackled that for community
action to happen, we have to recognize the notion of community engagement, solidarity, and our
civic obligations as citizens.
To further understand community action, there is an interrelationship of our self and
community. Our self and the community have connections which cannot be separated. Am I
willing to engage myself in the community? Do all my community members agree on certain
actions we would like to implement in the community? Who will benefit if we work together?
These are important questions when we intend to work for community action. As an individual,
we are always connected and tied up to our community. We tend to make actions not just
individually but collectively to respond to the problem we encounter. Community problems are
problems that concern a large number of people. In other words, if there is a problem affecting
the community, we are the ones directly experiencing the problem. We create and make
solutions instead of being silent about it. Similar with the photos above, we can see that a group
of individual take actions in order to resolve an issue. They come up with immediate solutions
such as tree planting, feeding program and relief operations depending upon the needs of the
community. We involve ourselves as an individual through engaging in the community and be a
part of the solution.
However, in trying to engage in the community, it is important for you to understand
yourself first because you are continually influencing and shaping the process of helping those
most affected by a problem. Ask yourself:
What motivates me?
Why am I participating?
What do I want to achieve?
How will I react to different people and situations?
How committed am I?
How much am I willing to do?
If these questions are clear to you, then you have no worries to get yourself involve in the
big picture of community engagement. As discussed previously, it is essential to note the value of
solidarity in undertaking community action. It is the one that will unify your interest to help
with what the community wants to attain. For example, a barangay wanted to end malnutrition
rate among children. Our interest to help the barangay to end malnutrition rate is not only the
concern of few people but of a large number of constituents. We have to unite people affected by
the problem to get involved in making solutions. This enable to fasten the implementation of
intervention projects to malnutrition problem and see its impact. Hence, solidarity creates an
environment in which mutual service is encouraged.

17
 To show solidarity in the community, here are some of the roles you can have to involve
yourself:
Get involved in planning processes like creating goals or defining the problem.
Donate money or help out with a fundraising effort.
Volunteer to staff the office, answer phones, put together mass mailings, or make phone
calls.
Doing research, writing grant proposals, or handling correspondence.
Attend public events like community hearings, or fundraising events.
Serve on committees that focus on specific problems or activities.
Take leadership roles in a community partnership.
Involving yourself to community action can be complex. Every community is different,
with diverse social and cultural backgrounds. This brings you to a challenging task on how to
involve more people to participate in community engagement aside from ourselves. There are
two important ways to involve people affected by a problem in helping them to be aware and
solve the problem. First, you can listen to them so that you have a better understanding about
the causes of the problem. Second, they can become involved through participation in the
program initiatives that are being developed by empowering them to tackle the problems they
confront.
The spirit of volunteerism is also an important aspect that you have to consider to engage
in the community. Volunteerism is a basic expression of human relationships. It is about people’s
need to participate in their societies and to feel that they matter to others. Volunteers have come
to the forefront in helping with natural disasters, advancing human rights, and touching lives to
eliminate poverty and improve basic health and education.
We all need to serve our community. Although you may initially see doing service as
restrictive or as a sacrifice, the reality is that it is liberating and fulfilling. You become part of
something bigger and better; creating an environment in which the members can be successful.

References:
Padilla, Reynaldo A. Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship, JFS Publishing Services, Manila Philippines 2016.

Moore Tim, Myfanwy McDonald, Harriet McHugh-Dillon and Sue West, “Community Engagement: A Key Strategy for Improving Outcomes for
Australian Families”Child Family Community Australia Paper No. 39, April 2016.

Sirico, Robert A. “Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue, Action Institute, Religion and Liberty Volume 11, No. 5 July 2010.

Community Tool Box Section 7. Involving People Most Affected by the Problem 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-
ofcontents/participation/encouraging-involvement/involve-those-affected/main

A Compendium of Daily Lesson Plans and Resource Materials in CommunityEngagement, Solidarity and Citizenship, Department of Education,
Region III, 017. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from https://www.academia.edu/36784154/. 2_Community_
Engagement_Solidarity_and_Citizenship_CSC_Compendium_of_DLPs_Class_F

Local Government Association, United Kingdom, Accessed June 15, 2020

https://www.local.gov.uk/our-support/guidance-and-resources/communityaction/community-action-overview/what-community-action

Tamayao, Michael John. Citizenship and Suffrage 2014. Retrieved from https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/02/citizenship-and-suffrage/

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, accessed June 15, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/citizenship/

Landao, Peter. What is a Stakeholder 2017. Accessed June 16, 2020 https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/what-is-a-stakeholder.

United Nation Volunteers 2019. accessed June 16, 2020 https://www.unv.org/volunteerism/power-volunteerism

Primavera, Jurgenne H. “The Mangrove Ecosystem.” ScienceDirect, 2019 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-

planetarysciences/community-participation

Branigan, Tania and Hodal, Kate. “Typhoon Haiyan: frustration at slow pace of relief effort.” The Guardian, November 15, 2013.
https://www.theguardian.com /world/2013/nov/14/typhoon-haiyan-relief-effort-stalls-philippines

Francisco, Katerina. “No hungry child: Malabon’s feeding program aims to fight malnutrition” Rappler, September 14, 2017.
https://www.rappler.com/moveph/ issues/hunger/182026-malabon-feeding-program-fight-malnutrition

18
Gualberto, Kiana. “Five years after Typhoon Haiyan.” Unicef, November 8, 2018. https://www.unicef.org/philippines/stories/five-years-after-
typhoon-haiyan

Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

MODULE 6: COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Explain forms of community engagement that contribute to community
development through solidarity.

Specific Objectives:
1. discuss the different forms of community engagement;
2. explain how community development sustained in helping the government combat
different problems; and
3. promote solidarity in the community.

Vocabulary List:
= Community Education - – organization’s programs to promote learning and social development
work with individuals and groups in their communities using a range of formal and informal
methods of education.
= Community Organization - aims at making desired improvements to a community’s social
health, well-being and over-all functioning
= Deliberative Dialogue - a group process that can help to integrate and interpret scientific and
contextual data for the purpose of informing policy development (Culyer and Omas 2006), among
other objectives
= Direct Service – service that directly affects the persons, animals or places we want to impact
= Economic Development – process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a
nation, region or local community has improved according to targeted goals and objectives
= Engaged Research - describes a wide range of rigorous research approaches and methodologies
that shared a common interest in collaborative engagement with the community and aim to
improve, understand or investigate an issue of public interest or concern, including societal
challenges.
= Institutional Engagement – engaged acts could alternatively also belong to a kind of
institutional acts, since they introduce certain adjustments to the institution, changing or
modifying its rules, increasing its consistency and efficiency.

Our national government is facing with several scenarios in which there must be
promotion of the different forms of community engagement among every Filipinos. Every
households should be given community education on how to combat the recent COVID-19
pandemic in assuring the safety of their family members. In the barangay level, there must be
adequate community organizations to uplift the quality standard of living of their constituents.
In order to establish a better relationship in the community, deliberative dialogue should be in
consideration among officials and the members of the community. Every issues shall be weighed
both the positive and negative sides to achieve a better solution. One of the better solution in
this time of pandemic is to offer direct service and addressing the needs of the poor. Basic
commodities are given at a reasonable price so that all can afford to buy. Relief goods are
distributed to every households to augment their basic needs. Our government can sustain to
19
give financial aid to every Filipinos since our economy will be affected. Economic development is
still the main priority of our government. Jobs and businesses have been opened again to ensure
income, and uplift our national economy. Still, Inter Agency Task Force prioritize the health of
the people by ensuring the health protocols and engaged research with the World Health
Organization in the fight against COVID-19. “Let us Heal As One”, a theme initiated in relation
to this crisis we are facing, such is our institutional engagement to promote solidarity and
sustain in helping the government combat different problems.
We have been affected by many problems as we traverse in this chaotic environment.
Every family and government officials should work together in helping address community
issues.

References:
1. Melegrito, Ma. Lourdes F., et.al. Zeal For Action: Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship .Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon
City. 2016
2. Community Education. Accessed June 11, 2020.lyonsunity.com
3. Community Organization Program. Accessed June 11, 2020.kaibiganfoundation.weebly.com
4. Deliberative Dialogue. Accessed June 11, 2020.ad.paascu.wordpress.com
5. Developing Community Partnerships. Accessed June 11, 2020.sc-ctsi.org
6. Direct Service Volunteers. Accessed June 11, 2020.news.hamlethub.com
7. Economic Development News and Insight. Accessed June 11, 2020.economicdevelopment.org
8. Social Media: The Modern Trend of Building and Championing. Accessed June 11, 2020.news.makac.ug
9. University of Minnesota Morris. Forms of Community Engagement. Accessed June 10, 2020.https://students.morris.umn.edu/community-
engagement/typescommunity-engagement
10. Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

MODULE 7: SOLIDARITY TOWARDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Recognize the importance of solidarity in promoting national and global community

development (e.g. poverty alleviation)

Specific Objectives:
1. identify government- initiated programs to alleviate poverty;
2. appreciate the efforts of the national government in promoting community development
towards solving massive poverty; and
3. promote the importance of solidarity amidst today’s situations.

Vocabulary List:

= COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT - is a process by where community members come together to

take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.
Community well-being (economic, social, environmental and cultural) often evolves from this
type of collective action being taken at a grassroots level.
= GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS – a plan or system under which action may be taken toward a
goal initiated by a body of persons that constitutes the governing authority of a political unit or
organization.
= GRANTS - to bestow or transfer formally
= POVERTY – the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or
material possession

20
= POVERTY ALLEVIATION - is accompanied by a number of positive social impacts. These
include improved access to food (that results in higher nutritional and health levels), improved
access to education (due to higher income levels and ability to pay fees and supplies) and
improved employment opportunities
= SOLIDARITY – union or fellowship arising from common responsibilities and interests as
between members of a group or between classes, peoples, etc

POVERTY ALLEVIATION GRANTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

Here are the identified programs of the Philippine government to alleviate financial crises
of the country especially in times of pandemic:
Pantawid ng Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) - is the human development measure of
the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor to
improve the health, nutrition and education of children aged 0– 18.
(www.officialgazette.gov.ph>programs>c-c-t)
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa ating
Disadvantaged/ Displaced (TUPAD) – is a community based (municipality/ barangay) package of
assistance that provides emergency employment for displaced workers, underemployed, and
seasonal workers, for a minimum period of 10 days, but not to exceed a maximum of 30 days,
depending on the nature of work to be performed. (https://www.dole.gov.ph/tulong-
panghanapbuhay-sa-atingdisadvantaged-displaced-workers-tupad)
Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-Asa Program - aims to provide hope for a better future to
Filipinos through equity in resources throughout the country that will boost countryside
development. (balikprobinsya.ph)
Scholarship Grants for College Students - Scholarships are generally based on academic
or athletic merit, while grants are intended to solve financial need
(debt.org/students/scholarship-and-grants)
Free Tuition fees for State Colleges and Universities - The free tuition law covered 112
State Universities and Colleges and 78 local universities and colleges nationwide.
(cnnphilippines.com>news>2017/08/04>list-SUCs- with-free-tuition)
Social Amelioration Program (SAP) - Cash emergency subsidy program (ESP) for 18
million Filipino families whose lives are greatly affected by the Enhanced Community
Quarantine (ECQ). (www.msn.com>en-ph>money>persofinance>SAP)
Sustainable Livelihood Program – The Department of Social Welfare and Development
aimed to deliver a capacity building programs to develop the entrepreneurial and labor skills of
poor households by providing them with opportunities to enhance their access to basic social
services and standard of living. (www.google.com/a/dswd.gov.ph/slpcaraga/about-slp)

References:
1. Melegrito, Ma. Lourdes F., et.al. Zeal For Action: Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon
City.2016
2. Human Dignity. Accessed June 12, 2020.https://cbhd.org/category/issues/humandignity
3. Dignity of the Human Person Accessed July 20,2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/methark/27180641289/in/photolist
4. EconomicJustice.AccessedJune12,2020.https://medium.com/@salvaterra/economicjustice-nozick-and-rawls-eb133bd3113b
5. Subsidiarity and the Role of Government Accessed July 20,2020.https://www.flickr.com/photos/lorelyndumaug/7636016760/in/photolist
6.GovernmentSubsidiarity.AccessedJune12,2020.https://www.google.com/search?q=subsidiarity+and+the+role+of+government&oq=subsi&aqs=c
hrome.0.69i59j0l4j69i57j0l2.7090j0j8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
7. OfficialGazette.AccessedJune12,2020.www.officialgazette.gov.ph>programs>c-c-t
8. DepartmentofLaborandEmployment.AcccessedJune12,2020.www.dole.gov.ph>tupad-contents
9. BalikProbinsya, BagongPag-asaProgram.AccessedJUne12,2020.balikprobinsya.ph
10. America’sDebtHelpOrganization.AccessedJune12,2020.Debt.org/students/scholarship-and-grants
11. CNNPhilippinesUpdatedMarch16,201812:35:00AM.AccessedJune12,2020.cnn.philippines.com>news>2017/08/04>list-SUCs-with-free-tuition
12. Perez,Rachel.April15,2020. Accessed July2,2020.www.msn.com>enph>money>persofinance>SAP
13. Pantawid ng Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Accessed July2, 2020.steemit.com
14. EducationalAssistance.Accessed July2,2020.tribune.net.ph

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15. Rice Subsidy Program.Accessed July 2,2020. insta-pro.com
16. Social AmeliorationProgram distribution.Accessed July2,2020.pia.gov.ph
17. Employment Situation in April 2020 released Jume 2020. Accessed July 7, 2020.www.psa.gov.ph/stataistics/ survey/labor and
employment/labor-forcesurvey/ table
18. Mat Weaving..AccessedJuly20,2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/zentil/27986675803/in/photolist
19. SustainablLivelihoodPorgram.AccessedJuly7,2020.www.google.com/a/dswd.gov.ph/slpcaraga/about-slp
20. Accessed July 18, 2020, www.merriam.webster.com/dictionary/grant
21. Accessed July 18, 2020, www.merriam.webster.com/dictionary/poverty
22. Accessed July 18, 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/povertyalleviations
23. Accessed July 18, 2020, www.merriam.webster.com/dictionary/governemnt and www.merriam.webster.com/dictionary/program
24. Accessed July 18, 2020, www.peernetbc.com>what-is-community-development
25. Accessed July 18, 2020, www.merriam.webster.com/dictionary/grant
26. Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon

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