A STUDY ON QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AMONG WORKERS

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHANDRAA TEXTILES

MALLUMICHAPETI
CHAPTERS PARTICULARS PAGE
NO NO

INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES

HYPOTHESES

CHAPTER-1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

NEED OF THE STUDY

COMPANY PROFILE

SUMMARY

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

REVIEW (PREVIOUS EXPERTS, AUTHORS) REFER

CHAPTER-2
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

SUMMARY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF STUDY

RESEARCH

RESEARCH DESIGN

SAMPLE DESIGN

CHAPTER-3 DATA COLLECTION

PERIOD OF STUDY

TOOLS USED FOR STUDY

DESCRIPTIVE TABLE AND GRAPH.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF STUDY

CHAPTER-4 PREPARE TABLES AND CHART

SELECT IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FROM QUESTIONS

AND APPLY STATISTICAL TOOLS
 FINDINGS

CHAPTER-5 SUGGESTION

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER-6 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

CHAPTER-7 APPENDIX

CHAPTER-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Quality of work life refers to the level of happiness or dissatisfaction with one's career. Those
who enjoy their careers are said to have a high quality of work life, while those who are unhappy
or whose needs are otherwise unfilled are said to have a low quality of work life. Quality of
work life is viewed as an alternative to the control approach of managing people. The quality of
work life approach considers people as an ‗asset' to the organization rather than as ‗costs'. It
believes that people perform better when they are allowed to participate in managing their work
and make decisions. This approach motivates people by satisfying not only their economic needs
but also their social and psychological ones. To satisfy the new generation workforce,
organizations need to concentrate on job designs and organization of work. Further, today's
workforce is realizing the importance of relationships and is trying to strike a balance between
career and personal lives.

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the
cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure
cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural
conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds.

The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the
Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in
Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old
and New Worlds.

The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable
textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton
fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well
as fabric remnants dated back to 4200 BC in Peru. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the
invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and
it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.

Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes or 110 million bales annually,
accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. India is the world's largest producer of cotton.
The United States has been the largest exporter for many years.Cotton fibers are the purest form
of cellulose, nature's most abundant polymer. Nearly 90% of the cotton fibers are cellulose. They
are natural hollow fibers that are soft, cool, breathable, and absorbent. Cotton fibers can hold
water 24–27 times their own weight. They are strong, dye absorbent and can stand up against
abrasion wear and high temperature.

Cotton belongs to the genus Gossypium and family Malvaceae. The genome group diverged into
three distinct lineages presently represented by five species. The cotton research station in Surat
has been a trail-blazer for its research achievements since its establishment in 1896.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To identify the factors affecting quality of work life.
 To assess the quality of work life among workers
 To analyze the measures adopted by the organization to improve the quality of work life
among workers.
 To suggest suitable measures to improve the quality of work life among workers.

1.3 HYPOTHESES

 Cotton production and economic growth: Increasing cotton production has a positive
impact on economic growth.
 Cotton plants and water: Cotton plants need a consistent amount of water to grow
steadily.
 Magnesium and cotton bolls: Adding magnesium to the soil will result in larger cotton
bolls.
 Cellular dedifferentiation in cotton: SAM-dependent transmethylation and ubiquitin
proteolytic system play a role in cellular dedifferentiation in cotton.
 Red leaf disorder in cotton: An hypothesis concerning the development of the red leaf
disorder in cotton.
 Cotton fiber development: A hypothesis in the cotton fiber development.
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Quality of Work Life in an organization is essential for the smooth running and success of its
employees. The work-life balance must be maintained effectively to ensure that all employees
are running at their peak potential and free from stress and strain. The Quality of Work Life can
affect such things as employees‘ timings, his or her work output, his or her available leaves, etc.
Quality of Work Life helps the employees to feel secure and like they are being thought of and
cared for by the organization in which they work. An organization‘s HR department assumes
responsibility for the effective running of the Quality of Work Life for their employees. This
being the real fact and since there was absenteeism and lack of job satisfaction among the
workers in Tirupur district, the investigator has made an attempt in this regard and has
undertaken the current study to analyze the Quality of Work Life among workers with special
reference to textile industry in Tirupur district – A textile hub and to offer suitable suggestions
for the organization to take necessary steps to improve the Quality of Work Life among its
Workers.

1.5 NEED OF THE STUDY

Cotton yarn production is a major part of the textile industry. Studies on cotton yarn production
can cover topics such as:

Yield maximization

Finer yarn requires raw cotton with sufficient strength and fiber length. If the cotton selected for
finer yarn is not of sufficient length and strength, good fibers may be wasted during processing,
resulting in decreased yield.

Yarn properties and processing efficiency

Yarn properties and processing efficiency are related to the properties of the cotton fibers
processed.

Productivity
Productivity depends on factors such as labor, machinery, capital, temperature, and raw materials
quality.

Spinning parameters

Spinning parameters such as rotor type, rotor speed, and opening roller speed can affect rotor
yarn quality.

Yarn count

Yarn count can tell you a lot about a yarn's durability, strength, and comfort.

Other studies on cotton yarn production include:

 Characteristics of raw-material fibers in relation to spinning, opening, cleaning,

blending, production of evenness in spun yarns, drafting, yarn formation by various
processes, and means of handling product yarns

 Feasibility study for a cotton spinning mill

 Utilization of cotton spinning mill wastes in yarn production

PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF COTTON YARN

The process of producing cotton yarn includes the following steps:

 Harvesting: Cotton is harvested by hand or by machine.

 Ginning: The cotton is separated from the seed.

 Opening, blending, mixing, cleaning: The cotton is opened, blended, mixed, and cleaned.

 Carding: The cotton is carded.

 Drawing: The cotton is drawn.

 Roving: The cotton is roved.

 Spinning: The cotton is spun.

 Winding and finishing: The yarn is wound and finished.

The spinning process involves the following stages:

Blow room, Carding, Comber, Drawing, Simplex, Ring spinning, Cone winding.

The yarn is placed on the rings of the spinning frame and passed through several sets of
rollers. The rollers rotate at successively higher speeds

1.6 COMPANY PROFILE

1.7 SUMMARY

Cotton yarn is a soft, fluffy fiber that is extracted from the cotton plant. It is made up of
staple fibers that grow in a protective case around the seeds of the plant. Cotton is almost pure
cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water.

Cotton yarn is widely used to produce:

Shirts, Sarees, Trousers, Socks, Towels, Earbuds, Blankets, Medical purposes, Other medical or
cosmetic products.

Cotton yarn has the following characteristics:

 Comfortable

 Soft

 Absorbent

 Good color retention

 Machine-washable

 Dry-cleanable

 Good strength

 Drapes well

 Easy to handle and sew

The spinning of cotton yarn is a process used to obtain cotton from the cotton plant. The staple
fiber is separated from other junk such as leaves and dust.

The card is the most important machine in the yarn manufacturing process. It performs second-
and final-level cleaning functions in an overwhelming majority of cotton textile mills.
importance of cotton yarn

Cotton yarn is one of the most important textile materials. It's used to make a wide range of
items, including: Clothing, Home furnishings, Industrial goods.

Cotton yarn is important because it's:

Durable, Machine-washable, Absorbent, Strong, Soft, Breathable, Inexpensive compared to

wool.

Cotton yarn is also good for knitting baby items like hats, clothing, blankets, and boots.
 CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Taylor (1979) more pragmatically identified the essential components of Quality of working life
as; basic extrinsic job factors of wages, hours and working conditions, and the intrinsic job
notions of the nature of the work itself. He suggested that relevant Quality of working life
concepts may vary according to organization and employee group.

Mirvis and Lawler (1984) suggested that Quality of working life was associated with satisfaction
with wages, hours and working conditions, describing the ―basic elements of a good quality of
work life‖ as; safe work environment, equitable wages, equal employment opportunities and
opportunities for advancement.

Baba and Jamal (1991) listed what they described as typical indicators of quality of working life,
including: job satisfaction, job involvement, work role ambiguity, work role conflict, work role
overload, job stress, organizational commitment and turn-over intentions.

Bertrand and Scott (1992) in their study ―Designing Quality into Work Life‖ found that
improvements in the quality of work life are achieved not only through external or structural
www.zenithr
modifications, but more importantly through improved relations between supervisors and
subordinates.

Datta (1999) in his study ―Quality of Work Life: A Human Values Approach‖ say that in a
deeper sense, quality of work life refers to the quality of life of individuals in their working
organizations—commercial, educational, cultural, religious, philanthropic or whatever they are.
Modern society is organizational society. Individuals spend much of their lives in organizations.
Hence, the importance of quality of work life is unquestionable.
Normala and Daud (2010) in their study ―Investigating the Relationship between Quality of
Work Life and Organizational Commitment Amongst Employees in Malaysian Firms‖ say that
the quality of work life of employees is an important consideration for employers interested in
improving employees‘ job satisfaction and commitment.

REVIEW (PREVIOUS EXPERTS, AUTHORS) REFER

AUTHORS

 Here are some authors who have written about cotton yarn:
 Earl E. Berkley: Author of Cotton—A Versatile Textile Fiber (1948)
 William E. Winchester: Author of The Principles and Processes of Cotton Yarn
Manufacture (1914)
 Palanivel Velmurugan: Author of Dyeing of cotton yarn with five water soluble fungal
pigments
 Mohammed Farhad Mahmud Chowdhury: Author of Qualitative and statistical analysis
of cotton-flax blend yarn
 Subhadra K: Author of Spinning the Yarn of India's cotton history

JOURNALS

 Rethinam, Gunaseelan and Maimunah Ismail (2008), ―Constructs of Quality of Work

Life: A Perspective of Information and Technology Professionals‖, European Journal of
Social Sciences, Vol: 7, No. 1, p.58 www.zenithr
 Chan, Ka Wai and Thomas A. Wyatt (2007), ―Quality of Work Life: A Study of
Employees in Shanghai, China‖, Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol: 13, No. 4, (Oct), pp.
501-517
 Normala and Daud (2010), ―Investigating the Relationship Between Quality of Work
Life and Organizational Commitment Amongst Employees in Malaysian Firms‖,
International Journal of Business and Management, Vol: 5, No. 10.
 Datta, Tanmoy (1999), ―Quality of Work Life: A Human Values Approach‖, Journal of
 Human Values, Vol: 5, No. 2, (Oct), pp. 135-145
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

SUMMARY

Cotton yarn is a natural fiber that's ideal for knitting, crocheting, and other textile
crafts. It's strong, durable, and gets softer with each wash. It's also generally machine-
washable.

Here are some pros and cons of cotton yarn:

Pros

 Inexpensive compared to wool

 Soft, breathable, and high absorbency

 Good quality cotton feels silky smooth

Cons

 Cotton yarn doesn't stretch, even when mixed with other fabrics

 Cotton yarn at big box stores can feel like string

 Best quality cotton yarn can be more expensive than other materials

When buying cotton yarn, you can consider the following factors:

 Feel: Good quality cotton yarn feels silky smooth

  Stretch: Cotton yarn doesn't stretch, even when mixed with other fabrics

 Price: Cotton yarn is usually inexpensive compared to wool, but the best quality can be
more expensive

You can identify cotton yarn by exposing it to a flame. Natural fibers like cotton won't shrink
back, and will burn rapidly with a yellowish flame. They'll also leave behind a soft ash and give
off a smell like burning paper or leaves.

CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF STUDY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research design chosen is descriptive in nature. The universe of the study refers to the
workers of the selected 5 textile industry related organizations in Tirupur district – A textile hub.
The total strength of the universe is 600.The sample size taken to conduct the research is 60
workers.10% of the universe has been taken for the research. The respondents were selected by
using convenient sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was used for primary data
collection. Secondary data was collected from earlier research work, various published journals,
magazines, websites and online articles. Simple Percentage Analysis, Chi – Square Analysis and
Weighted Average Score Analysis are the tools used for data analysis.

The global cotton yarn market was valued at $91.4 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach
$140.1 billion by 2032. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.4% from 2023 to 2032.

The process of manufacturing cotton yarn involves:

 Opening, blending, mixing, cleaning, carding, drawing, roving, and spinning

 Twisting strands of cotton fibers together to form yarn

 Placing the yarn on the rings of the spinning frame

  Allowing the yarn to pass through several sets of rollers, which are rotating at a
successively higher speed

The leading cotton producing countries include: China, India, USA, Brazil, Pakistan.

By type, the
carded yarn segment held the largest market share in 2022. Home textiles such as blankets,
wraps, and pillows are frequently crafted using carded yarn. Artisans and crafters occasionally
employ it to handcraft tapestries, wall hangings, and decorative items, leveraging its distinctive
texture to enhance the visual appeal of these projects. Furthermore, carded yarn contributes to the
creation of children's clothing, shoes, and toys, enhancing their playful and comfortable appeal.
These factors are anticipated to drive a significant increase in the demand for carded yarn during
the forecast period.

By application, the apparel segment held the largest market share in 2022. The demand for
apparel is rising due to several factors including population growth, changing fashion trends,
proliferation of online shopping and e-commerce platforms, and a shift towards sustainable and
ethically produced clothing. Cotton yarn plays a significant role in the apparel industry due to its
inherent qualities and versatility. Cotton, a natural fiber, is commonly used in clothing as it is
permeable, absorbs moisture, and offers comfort.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Cotton yarn is a continuous strand of fibers that can be used for weaving, knitting, or other fabric
assembly. It can be used to create unique textures and weave patterns.

Here are some design ideas for cotton yarn:

Lattice washcloth

Textured blocks dishcloth

Twirling garden throw

Crochet bath mitt

South Beach cover up

Cotton yarn is soft and drapes well, which can balance privacy and light filtration. To create
cotton items that don't stretch out when wet, you can use textured stitches. Post stitches,
especially those that lock around each other to make crochet cables, are a good choice.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The zoning technique is a popular method for sampling raw cotton. The steps are:

1. Collect at least 40 samples (tufts) from different zones of the bulk raw material.

2. Take ¼ from each tuft to make a final sample.

3. The final sample should be free from defects.

For testing cotton fiber, a 20 mg weight of sample is taken from a 250 kg bale.

Sampling is important in the textile industry because it:

 Increases the quality of the population.

 Reduces the cost.

 Produces export quality products.

The minimum sample size for textile testing is:

 1 mtr x full width for basic fabric tests like fiber content, washing rubbing, and shrinkage.

 Two units for garments.

 Minimum of 2 mtr x full width for multiple parameters test for fabrics.

DATA COLLECTION

Cotton yarn is measured in English Cotton Count (ECC), which is the number of 840-yard
strands that make up one pound. The higher the number, the finer the yarn.

Here are some sources of data on cotton yarn:

 ScienceDirect: An online yarn spinning dataset that includes three different varieties of
100% cotton yarns

 Seair: Cotton yarn export data from more than 190 Indian export ports

 DiVA portal: A life cycle assessment of cotton yarns for IKEA

  LinkedIn: An industrial cotton yarn market evaluation that uses primary and secondary
data collection

Cotton yarn is made from large bales of raw cotton. It's soft, absorbent, and durable, making it
perfect for kitchen and home decor projects. It's also a good choice for summer garments and
accessories.

Here is some information about data collection for cotton yarn manufacturing:

Yarn production in Tamil Nadu

The data is updated yearly and averaged 1,274.890 kg mn from March 1999 to 2017. The data
reached an all-time high of 1,580.368 kg mn in 2017 and a record low of 838.504 kg mn in 1999.

Yarn spinning dataset

This dataset includes continuous yarn spinning videos of 59.05 tex, 29.5 tex, and 14.76 tex
cotton yarns. The videos were recorded during yarn production on a ring spinning frame using a
customized image acquisition system.

Cotton yarn market size

The global market size was USD 94.40 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 100.68
billion by 2028.

PERIOD OF STUDY

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu was established in 2014. The company is
known for manufacturing high quality cotton yarn in the super fine counts segment.

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd was incorporated on October 4, 1954. The company is located in
Coimbatore Aerodrome.

Coimbatore is a textile center because of its rich black soil, which is ideal for growing
cotton. The first textile mill in Coimbatore was the Coimbatore Spinning & Weaving Mills
Limited, which was founded in 1888.
TOOLS USED FOR STUDY

Here are some tools used to test yarn in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu:

 Digital Yarn Crimp Tester

 Manual Yarn Appearance Board Winder

 Digital Yarn Testing Equipment

 Yarn Length Testing Machine

 Eveness Tester

 Uster Tester 3 CRT To LCD Modification

Tools used for spinning cotton include:

 Ball winders and swifts

 Carders

 Drop spindles

 Bobbins and flyers

  Niddy noddies

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd in Coimbatore Aerodrome manufactures cotton, silk, wool, and linen.

DESCRIPTIVE TABLE AND GRAPH

Here is some information about Chandra Textiles in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India:

• Location: No 1708, Opposite Government Polytechnic, Aerodrome-641014

• Products: Cotton yarn, polyester staple fiber, polyester texturized filament yarn, spun
yarn, dyeing, printing

• Services: Manufacturer of cotton yarn cone, yarn cone, and spinning fabric

• Operating revenues: INR 1 cr - 100 cr for the financial year ending on March 31, 2021

• EBITDA: Increased by 31.81% over the previous year

• Book networth: Increased by 2.42%

Here is some information about Chandra Textiles' descriptive table:

• Authorized capital: 250.0 lakhs

• Paid-up capital: 200.0 lakhs

• Paid-up capital %: 80.0

• Registrar office city: Coimbatore

Chandra Textiles Private Limited in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, produces yarn. They also supply,
export, and trade cotton yarn, polyester staple fiber, and spun yarn.

Chandra Textiles produces yarn by the month. Almost 80% of the yarn produced is value added
for supply to manufacturers of high-end fabrics.

Chandra Textiles also manufactures: Cotton yarn cone, Spinning fabric, Silk, Wool, Linen.

Chandra Textiles' operating revenues range from INR 1 cr - 100 cr for the financial year ending
on 31 March, 2021. Their EBITDA increased by 31.81% over the previous year, and their book
networth increased by 2.42%.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The cotton textile industry in India faces many challenges, including:

• Scarcity of raw cotton

• Obsolete machinery

• Erratic power supply

• Low labor productivity

• Competition from synthetic fibers

• The industry's exposure to the vagaries of nature

The textile industry in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu is facing challenges due to the scarcity and
increasing prices of raw cotton.

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd in Coimbatore manufactures high quality cotton yarn in the super fine
counts segment.

Scarcity of raw cotton

The cotton textile industry in India faces a shortage of raw materials, particularly long-staple
cotton. India contributes more than 25% of the world's cotton production area, but only produces
around 8% of the global value.

Other challenges faced by the Indian cotton textile industry include:

• Rising costs

• Supply bottlenecks

• Obsolete machinery

• Erratic power supply

• Low labor productivity

Cotton requires a long frost-free period, plenty of sunshine, and moderate rainfall. The soils
needed to be fairly heavy.

In 2020, India produced approximately 36.5 million bales of raw cotton. Favorable trade policies
and increasing disposable income led to an increase in cotton production over the years.

Obsolete machinery
Some obsolete machinery in the textile industry includes:

• Circular knitting machines that use bearded needles

• Garment making machinery

• Processing machinery

Some reasons why textile machinery can become obsolete include:

• Uncertain demand

• Lack of incentives for modernization

• High import duties on machinery

• Inability to handle bulk orders and stick to delivery schedules

When performing a risk assessment on obsolete equipment, you can consider:

• Whether the machinery is critical to the organization's operation

• Whether the obsolete equipment is at a high risk for failure

• Whether the average cost of maintenance and repairs is less than the cost of replacement

Erratic power supply

Erratic power supply is a condition where power supply is not stable, regular, or predictable. It
can also be equated to negative power situations where the flip-flop nature of the supply causes
damage to the equipment being powered.

Erratic power supply is a significant concern for the textile industry because it impacts the
livelihood of rural artisans and workers. It could be one of the key determinants behind the 19
per cent decrease in the overall number of weavers from 43.31 lakh in 2009-10 to 35.25 lakh in
2019-20.

In India, the frequency of power supply is 50 Hz and the supply voltage is 230 V.

Low labor productivity

Chandra Textiles in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu may have low labor productivity due to:

• Lack of funds

• Paying low wages for unskilled labor

• Workforce composition compared to other countries

• A complaint against the owner for telling a loom worker to work like a slave

Chandra Textiles aims to deliver quality yarn that meets domestic and international standards.
They focus on continuous improvement in all aspects of their operations, including
manufacturing and marketing.

India is one of the world's largest producers of textiles and apparel. The domestic apparel and
textile industry contributes approximately 2.3% to the country's GDP. Chandra Textiles is an
Indian company that specializes in synthetic fabric and table linen. They have a reputation for
quality control.

Competition from synthetic fibers

Synthetic fibers are made with chemicals and are cheaper, stronger, and more durable than other
fibers. They have many advantages, including:

• Good elasticity

• Don't wrinkle easily

• Can handle heavy loads without breaking

• Don't shrink

• Absorb very little water and dry quickly

• High moldability

• Not toxic in contact with skin

Some types of synthetic fibers include: Polyester, Acrylic, Nylon, Rayon, Spandex.

However, synthetic fibers are non-biodegradable.

The industry's exposure to the vagaries of nature

The Indian textile industry is exposed to vagaries of nature due to a lack of a diversified
customer profile. This means that revenues and margins are exposed to vagaries.

India is the second largest producer of fiber in the world. Approximately 60% of the Indian
textile industry is based in cotton. The industry has experienced a lot of growth recently due to
strong domestic demand since 2009.

The Government of India announced the National Textile Policy (NTP) 2000 to help the industry
attain and sustain a global standing in the manufacture and export of clothing.

Other factors that expose the industry to vagaries include:

• The informal nature of the industry

• Technological obsolescence

• The cyclical and seasonal nature of the sugar industry

• The regulated nature of the industry

Here's some information about cotton yarn and Chandra Textiles in Coimbatore:

• Chandra Textiles is a supplier, exporter, and trader of cotton yarn.

• Coimbatore is famous for its textile industry, which was established due to the successful
growth of cotton.

• The cotton yarn industry in India is expected to see a 5-7% growth in sales volume in
FY24.

Chandra Textiles is a supplier, exporter, and trader of:

• Cotton yarn

• Polyester staple fiber

• Polyester texturised filament yarn

• Spun yarn

The cotton yarn industry in India is expected to see a 5-7% growth in sales volume in FY24.
However, the average sales realization of cotton yarn is expected to fall by 12-17% due to a
decline in cotton prices.

CHAPTER-4
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF STUDY
PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

TABLE 1

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Sl. No. Demographic Factors No. of Percentage
Respondents
[%]

1. Age

Less than 25 years 16 26.67

25 to 35 years 31 51.67

35 to 45 years 11 18.33

45 to 55 years 2 3.33

More than 55 years 0 0

Total 60 100

2. Gender

Male 43 71.67

Female 17 28.33

Total 60 100

3. Marital status

Married 42 70

Unmarried 18 30

Total 60 100

4. Size of family

2 members 3 5

3 members 7 11.66

4 members 24 40

5 members 22 36.66
 More than 5 members 4 6.66

Total 60 100

5. Educational qualification

Below SSLC 4 6.67

SSLC 24 40

HSC 18 30

Diploma 7 11.67

Graduate 6 10

Post Graduate 1 1.66

Total 60 100

6. Total work experience

Less than 2 years 6 10

2 to 4 years 37 61.67

4 to 6 years 13 21.67

6 to 8 years 4 6.66
 Above 8 years 0 0

Total 60 100

7. Monthly income

Less than Rs.3000 8 13.33

Rs.3000 to Rs.6000 36 60

Rs.6000 to Rs.9000 8 13.33

Rs.9000 to Rs.12000 5 8.34

More than Rs.12000 3 5

Total 60 100

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION

Table 1 show that 51.67 percentage of the respondents are less than 25 years, 71.67 percentage of
the respondents are male and 28.33 percentage of them are female. It also shows that 70
percentage of the respondents are married and 40 percentage of the respondents‘ educational
qualification is below SSLC. 61.67 percentage of the respondents‘ total work experience is
between 2 to 4 years and 60 percentage of the respondents‘ monthly income is between Rs.3000
to Rs.6000 only.

TABLE 2

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STUDY FACTORS

Sl. No. Study factors Agreeable level of opinion No. of Respondents Percentage

[%]

1. Effectiveness Strongly Agree 22 36.67

of training Agree 23 38.33

on performance Neither Agree Nor Disagree 8 13.33

 Disagree 7 11.67

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

2. Working hours Strongly Agree 18 30

Agree 42 70

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 0 0

Disagree 0 0

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

3. Freedom to Strongly Agree 8 13.33

offer comments Agree 28 46.67

and suggestions
Neither Agree Nor Disagree 24 40

Disagree 0 0

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

4. Participation Strongly Agree 4 6.67

in managerial Agree 42 70
decision making
Neither Agree Nor Disagree 14 23.33

Disagree 0 0

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

5. Feedback and Strongly Agree 6 10

appreciation by
the supervisors Agree 36 60

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 18 30

 Disagree 0 0

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

6. Freedom Strongly Agree 6 10

at work Agree 24 40

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 18 30

Disagree 10 16.67

Strongly Disagree 2 3.33

Total 60 100

7. Free Strongly Agree 14 23.33

health checkups Agree 34 56.67

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 10 16.67

Disagree 2 3.33

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

8. Transportation Strongly Agree 24 40

facilities
Agree 31 51.67

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 5 8.33

Disagree 0 0

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

9. Recreation Strongly Agree 17 28.33

facilities
Agree 34 56.67

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 9 15

 Disagree 0 0

Strongly Disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION

Table 2 show that 36.67 percentage of the respondents strongly agreed that the training given by
the organization helps them to achieve the required skills for performing the job efficiently. Only
30 percentage of the respondents agreed that they are comfortable with the working hours. 13.33
percentage of the respondents strongly agreed that they feel free to offer comments and
suggestions in the organization. It is also found that 70 percentage of the respondents agreed that
they are allowed to participate in managerial decision making and only 10 percentage of the
respondents strongly agreed that the feedback given to them by the supervisors about the work
done is motivating. Only very few that is 10 percentage of the respondents strongly agreed that
the organization gives sufficient freedom to bring out the best in them 56.67 percentage of the
respondents agreed that the organization arranges for a free health checkups for the sake of
workers on a regular basis and only 40 percentage of them strongly agreed that the transportation
facilities provided by the organization are adequate. It also shows that 28.33 percentage of the
respondents strongly agreed that the organization celebrates regional and national festivals and
provided with recreation facilities to have fun at the work place.
CHI – SQUARE ANALYSIS

SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL WORK EXPERIENCE AND

SALARY

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between Total work experience and Salary

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

There is significant relationship between Total work experience and Salary.

Total Agreeable level of opinion about adequate Salary

work Experience SA A NN DA SD Total

Less than 2 years 0 5 3 2 0 10

2 to 4 years 3 20 25 12 2 62

4 to 6 years 3 3 7 6 2 21

6 to 8 years 3 2 0 2 0 7

More than 8 years 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 9 30 35 22 4 100

Source : Primary data

Calculated Value Table Value

21.0123 26.296

INTERPRETATION

show that calculated value [21.0123] is less than the table value [26.296] at 5% level of
significance. So the null hypothesis is accepted. Hence there is no significant relationship
between Total work experience and Salary.

SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL WORK EXPERIENCE AND

 OVERALL JOB SATISFACTION

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between Total work experience and Overall job satisfaction

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

There is significant relationship between Total work experience and Overall job satisfaction.

Total Agreeable level of opinion about Overall job satisfaction

work Experience SA A NN DA SD Total

Less than 2 years 0 0 0 7 3 10

2 to 4 years 0 25 6 27 3 61

4 to 6 years 2 10 8 2 0 22

6 to 8 years 2 5 0 0 0 7

More than 8 years 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 4 40 14 36 6 100

Source : Primary data

Calculated Value Table Value

60.7566 26.296

INTERPRETATION

show that calculated value [60.7566] is more than the table value [26.296] at 5% level of
significance. So the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant relationship between
Total work experience and Overall job satisfaction.
 SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND
SALARY

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between Educational qualification and Salary

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

There is significant relationship between Educational qualification and Salary.

Educational Agreeable level of opinion about adequate Salary

qualification
SA A NN DA SD Total

Below SSLC 3 3 0 0 0 6

SSLC 3 15 20 2 0 40

HSC 3 8 12 7 0 30

Diploma 0 0 3 7 2 12

Graduate 0 2 0 6 2 10

Post Graduate 0 2 0 0 0 2

Total 9 30 35 22 4 100

Source : Primary data

Calculated Value Table Value

66.566 31.410

INTERPRETATION

show that calculated value [66.566] is more than the table value [31.410] at 5% level of
significance. So the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant relationship between
Educational qualification and Salary.
 SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND OVERALL JOB
SATISFACTION

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between Gender and Overall Job satisfaction

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

There is significant relationship between Gender and Overall Job satisfaction

Gender Agreeable level of opinion about Overall Job satisfaction

SA A NN DA SD Total

Male 3 27 10 28 3 71

Female 0 14 5 7 3 29

Total 3 41 15 35 6 100

Source : Primary data

Calculated Value Table Value

4.5515 9.488

INTERPRETATION

show that calculated value [4.5515] is less than the table value [9.488] at 5% level of
significance. So the null hypothesis is accepted. Hence there is no significant relationship
between Gender and Overall job satisfaction.
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SCORE ANALYSIS

MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE ORGANIZATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF

WORK LIFE
Sl. Measures Weight [x] 5 4 3 2 1 Total Weighted Rank
No. Average

∑fx / ∑x
1. Work environment Frequency 20 04 21 10 05 13.6 I
[f] 60

fx 100 16 63 20 05 204

2. Salary Frequency 3 6 15 24 12 9.6 V

[f] 60

fx 15 24 45 48 12 144

3. Relation and Frequency 13 21 8 5 13 13 III

[f] 60
cooperation
fx 65 85 24 10 13
with co-workers

196
4. Safety measures Frequency 16 8 6 6 14 13.2 II
[f] 60

fx 80 72 18 12 14 198

5. Job security Frequency 6 11 10 15 18 10.13 IV

[f] 60

fx 30 44 30 30 18 152

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION

show that the workers are most satisfied with work environment and safety measures in the
company. Workers are not much satisfied with the relation and cooperation with co-workers and
job security and they are least satisfied with Salary.

CHAPTER-5
FINDINGS

The quality of cotton yarn is influenced by various factors, including:

 Fineness of the fiber: One of the most critical parameters that determine the quality of the
yarn
 Hairiness: Cotton selected of lower fiber length will cause high yarn hairiness
 Unevenness: Commonly measured as the variation of mass per unit length along the yarn
 Length of the fiber: The frictional characteristics of yarns are found to be influenced by
all factors
 Maturity, length, and uniformity: Causes the reduction of unevenness and hairiness of the
yarn

Other factors that influence the quality of cotton yarn include:

 Excessive water molecules in sized yarns and size films

 Mercerisation, which is the treatment of fabrics with sodium hydroxide
 Warp knitting, which can decrease the breaking strength of cotton yarns

SUGGESTION

Cotton yarn is versatile and can be used for knitting, crocheting, weaving, and craft
projects. It's also breathable, machine washable, and comfortable.

Here are some types of cotton yarn:

 Organic cotton yarn: Grown without pesticides or synthetic fertilizers

 Cotton slub yarn: Hardy, washable, and affordable
 Bernat cotton handicrafter yarn: Highly absorbent and easy to care for
 Bright pc cotton yarns for socks: Soft, durable, and inelastic

When choosing cotton yarn, you can consider things like:

 The type of fiber used

 The weight and size of the yarn
 The construction of the yarn
  Cotton yarn is usually inexpensive compared to wool. However, the best quality yarns
may cost a little more than other materials.

CONCLUSION

A happy and healthy employee will give better turnover, make good decisions and positively
contribute to organizational goal. An assured good quality of work life will not only attract
young and new talents but also retain the existing experienced talents. Quality of work life can
affect such things as employees‘ timings, his or her work output, his or her available leaves, etc.

Work life balance must be maintained effectively to ensure that all employees are running at their
peak potential and free from stress and strain. So it is up to the organization to focus on their
workers and improve their quality of work life so that attrition, absenteeism and decline in
workers‘ productivity can be checked. Necessary suggestions were given by the investigator for
the same.

CHAPTER-6
 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd is a leading exporter, supplier, and trading company of cotton yarn in
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. They also supply polyester staple fiber and polyester texturized
filament yarn.

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd was established in 2014. They have state-of-the-art manufacturing
facilities for spinning, doubling, singeing, and mercerizing. They are known for manufacturing
high quality cotton yarn in the super fine counts segment.

Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd also:

 Retailer of organic cotton yarn, yarns, and open end cotton yarn

 Manufacturer of cotton yarn cone and spinning fabric

 Service provider of dyeing and printing

You can find Chandra Textiles Pvt Ltd at:

 Coimbatore Aerodrome

 Civil Aerodrome Post Avanashi Road

REFERENCES

 Gupta, C.B., ―Human Resource Management‖, Sultan Chand, 1999

 Prasad, L.M, ―Human Resource Management‖, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2005
 Kothari C.R, ―Research Methodology‖, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1967
 Tripathi, P.C., ―Personnel Management‖, Bombay, Asra Publishing House, 1967

JOURNALS

 Rethinam, Gunaseelan and Maimunah Ismail (2008), ―Constructs of Quality of Work

Life: A Perspective of Information and Technology Professionals‖, European Journal of
Social Sciences, Vol: 7, No. 1, p.58
 Chan, Ka Wai and Thomas A. Wyatt (2007), ―Quality of Work Life: A Study of
Employees in Shanghai, China‖, Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol: 13, No. 4, (Oct), pp.
501-517

 Normala and Daud (2010), ―Investigating the Relationship Between Quality of Work
Life and Organizational Commitment Amongst Employees in Malaysian Firms‖,
International Journal of Business and Management, Vol: 5, No. 10.

 Datta, Tanmoy (1999), ―Quality of Work Life: A Human Values Approach‖, Journal of
 Human Values, Vol: 5, No. 2, (Oct), pp. 135-145