BNS 20203

PRACTICABLE RISK CONTROL

DR ZURITAH A.KADIR
JTKK,FTK
Class Activity 1-Identify the hazard
Scan the QR code
Introduction to JSA/JHA
• Job safety analysis (JSA), also called as job hazard analysis (JHA)
• Used as the foundational part of an accident prevention program. Using JSAs,
many accident prevention tools and process can be planned for example,
• job safety observations can be conducted, safe operating procedures can be developed,
potential hazards can be identified, and audit instruments can be constructed, also be used
as a training tool.
• Also, potential types of accidents can be identified, such as struck-against, struck-by,
contact-with, contacted-by, caught-in, caughton,caught-between, fall-same-level, fall-to-
below, overexertion, or exposure.
• JSA/JHA is used to assess the existing and potential hazards of a job,
understanding the consequences of risk, and act as an aid in helping identify,
eliminate, or control hazards. JHA is a tool used to focus and break down a
specific job, define its required steps and tasks and identify its inherent
hazards and risks.
Definition

• Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) breaks a job or task into specific

steps, analyzes each step for specific hazards, develops safe work
procedures to eliminate or reduce those hazards, and integrates
safe work procedures into safety and health programs.
• JHAs must be developed for each job or task.
• Supervisors and workers must complete the JHA together.
Introduction to Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
The reasons are:

• Establish proper job procedures

• Identify potential or existing job hazards
• Determine the best way to perform or eliminate hazards
• Improve job methods
• Reduce cost
• Reduce absenteeism
• Reduce workers’ compensation
• Increase productivity
• Increase hazard reporting
• Determine what personal protective equipment (PPE) is
needed for each job
• Develop preventive measures
• Develop new safer job procedures or solutions
Introduction to Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
JHA’s main purpose is to aid the safety system to:

• Ensure that all members of an organization can recognize

and understand real or potential operational hazards, their
associated risk, appropriate actions, and controls, necessary
to reduce the potential for injury or loss.
• Provide guidance to employees at all levels of the
organization so they can demonstrate the importance of
correcting potential hazards that they may be routinely
exposed to, as well as how to protect themselves and others
(Roughton & Crutchfield, 2013).
Introduction to Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Jobs that should have JSA/JHA conducted on them and receive attention first
are as follows:

• Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illnesses,
even if there is no history of previous accidents
• Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or
injury
• Jobs that are new to the operation or have undergone changes in
processes and procedures
• Jobs complex enough to require written instructions
JSA process
This process can begin in the following ways:

• Involve employees
• Review accident history
• Conduct a preliminary job review
• List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs
• Outline the steps or tasks

• JSA/JHA is a process used to determine hazards of, and safe procedures for,
each step of a job. A specific job, or work assignment, can be separated into
a series of relatively simple steps.
• The hazards associated with each step can be identified, and solutions can
be developed to control each hazard.
JSA process cont’
Questions to be asked when conducting JSA/JHA

• What can go wrong?

• What are the consequences?
• How could it happen?
• What are the contributing factors?
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
JSA process cont’
Some accident-specific questions can be used:
• Can any body part get caught in or between objects?
• Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?
• Can the worker make harmful contact with moving objects?
• Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
• Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?
• Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
• Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
• Is there danger from falling objects?
• Is lighting a problem?
• Can weather conditions affect safety?
• Is harmful radiation a possibility?
• Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic substances?
• Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapors in the air?
Selecting Jobs for Analysis
• A job hazard analysis can be performed for all jobs in the workplace, whether the job
task is “special” (non-routine) or routine.
• Even one-step jobs—such as those in which only a button is pressed—can and
perhaps should be analyzed by evaluating surrounding work conditions.
• To determine which jobs should be analyzed first, review your job injury and illness
reports.
• Obviously, a job hazard analysis should be conducted first for jobs with the highest
rates of disabling injuries and illnesses.
• Also, jobs where “close calls” or “near misses” have occurred should be given
priority. Analyses of new jobs and jobs where changes have been made in processes
and procedures should follow.
• Eventually, a job hazard analysis should be conducted and made available to
employees for all jobs in the workplace.
Involve the Employee
• Once you have selected a job for analysis, discuss the procedure with the employee
performing the job and explain its purpose.
• Point out that you are studying the job itself, not checking on the employee’s job
performance.
• Involve the employee in all phases of the analysis—from reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing potential hazards and recommended solutions.
• talk to other workers who have performed the same job.
Conducting the Job Hazard Analysis
Before actually beginning the job hazard analysis, take a look at the general conditions under which the
job is performed and develop a checklist. Below are some sample questions you might ask –

i. Are there materials on the floor that could trip a
worker?
ii. Is lighting adequate?
iii. Are there any live electrical hazards at the jobsite?
iv. Are there any chemical, physical, biological, or
radiation hazards associ ated with the job or likely to
develop?
v. Are tools—including hand tools, machines, and
equipment - in need of repair?
vi. Is there excessive noise in the work area, hindering
worker communication or causing hearing loss?
vii. Are job procedures known and are they followed or
modified? viii. Are emergency exits clearly marked?
ix. Are trucks or motorized vehicles properly equipped
with brakes, overhead guards, backup signals, horns,
steering gear, and identification, as necessary?
x. Are all employees operating vehicles and
equipment properly trained and authorized?
xi. Are employees wearing proper personal protective
equipment for the jobs they are performing?
xii. Have any employees complained of headaches,
breathing problems, dizziness, or strong odors?
xiii. Is ventilation adequate, especially in confined or
enclosed spaces?
xiv. Have tests been made for oxygen deficiency and
toxic fumes in confined spaces before entry?
xv. Are work stations and tools designed to prevent
back and wrist injuries?
xvi. Are employees trained in the event of a fire,
explosion, or toxiC gas release?
Breaking the Job Down
• Nearly every job can be broken down into job tasks or steps.
• In the first part of the job hazard analysis, list each step of the job in order of
occurrence as you watch the employee performing the job.
• Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action, but do not
make the breakdown too detailed.
• Later, go over the job steps with the employee.
Identifying Hazards
After you have recorded the job steps, next examine each step to determine the hazards that exist
or that might occur. Ask yourself these kinds of questions:

• i. Is the worker wearing personal protective clothing and equipment, including

safety harnesses that are appropriate for the job?
• ii. Are work positions, machinery, pits or holes, and hazardous operations
adequately guarded?
• iii. Are lockout procedures used for machinery deactivation during mainte nance
procedures?
• iv. Is the worker wearing clothing or jewelry that could get caught in the machinery
or otherwise cause a hazard?
• v. Are there fixed objects that may cause injury, such as sharp machine edges?
• vi. Is the flow of work improperly organized (e.g., Is the worker required to make
movements that are too rapid)?
• vii. Can the worker get caught in or between machine parts?
Identifying Hazards (CONT’d)
After you have recorded the job steps, next examine each step to determine the hazards that exist
or that might occur. Ask yourself these kinds of questions:

• viii. Can the worker be injured by reaching over moving machinery parts or materials?
• ix. Is the worker at any time in an off-balance position?
• x. Is the worker positioned to the machine in a way that is potentially dangerous?
• xii. Can the worker be struck by an object or lean against or strike a machine part or object?
• xiii. Can the worker fall from one level to another?
• xiv. Can the worker be injured from lifting or pulling objects, or from carrying heavy
objects?
• xv. Do environmental hazards—dust, chemicals, radiation, welding rays, heat, or excessive
noise—result from the performance of the job?

*Repeat the job observation as often as necessary until all hazards have been identified.
JHA/JSA Basic Steps (6 STEPS)
1. Select the job task to be analyzed.

2. Identify the major sequence of steps for each step (Specific job step Description).

3. Identify the potential hazards for each step (Hazard Identification)

4. Determine preventative measures to protect against the hazards (Required Precautions)

5. Develop a worker-training program

6. Re-evaluation
1. Select the job task to be analyzed.
• Prioritize which job tasks to analyze.
• Those job tasks where accidents and injuries are occurring should be
analyzed first.
• Look at job tasks where there is a potential for serious injury.
• Look at new job tasks, these are important if a new process requires
the development of new procedures and job tasks
JSA process cont’
Definition of Job:

Definition 1: A job is “a piece of work, especially a specific task

done as part of the routine of one’s occupation” (Job, n.d.).

Definition 2: “Anything a person is expected or obliged to do;

duty; responsibility” (Job, n.d.).
JSA process
1. Select a job to be analyzed.
Select Jobs by Using Criteria
➢ The jobs must be ranked in order of greatest accident potential.
➢ Jobs with the highest risks should be analyzed first.
➢ Workers and supervisors may or may not be involved with the ranking process.
➢ The following criteria should be used when selecting job:
▪ accident frequency,
▪ accident severity,
▪ judgment and experience,
▪ new jobs,
▪ nonroutine jobs,
▪ job changes,
▪ and routine jobs.
2. Identify the major sequence of steps for each
step (Specific job step Description).
• Once a job task has been chosen, it must be broken down into logical
steps.
• Limit the number of steps in a JHA to a manageable number.
(USUALLY ONLY 10 STEPS)
• Most jobs can be described in ten or less steps.
• The job steps must be kept in their proper sequence to ensure a proper
analysis.
• The opportunity to make recommendations will come later in the
analysis
JSA process cont’
2. Separate the job into its basic steps.

➢ A form should be developed that will allow for a written record for each JSA to be maintained, it is
easiest to deal with each column of the form separately.

➢ The job is broken down into its basic steps first. Each step or activity should briefly describe what
is done and each activity is listed in the order as it is accomplished.

➢ First, observe the job actually being performed, and second, involve at least one employee who
does the job regularly in the analysis.

➢ The first step might be to do a walk-around inspection. When outlining the job steps, it will be
neccessary to get very detailed and list how to do the job rather than the basic job steps.

➢ The list of job steps in the “Sequence of Basic Job Steps” column of the JSA/JHA form will continue
to be broken down into manageable steps. It is important that the JSA/JHA accurately describes
the work.
3. Identify the potential hazards for each step
(Hazard Identification)
• Once the job steps have been chosen, the potential hazards for each step can be identified.
• Whatever can go wrong may go wrong!
• What are the potential hazards as a result of each task step?
• Is the worker exposed to hazardous chemicals?
• Is the worker subject to poor workstation design?
• There may only be one, or there may be a large number for each job step.
JSA process cont’
3. Identify the hazards associated with each step.

Identify the Hazards Associated with Each Job Step

➢ Each job step needs to be examined to identify hazards associated

with each job step.
➢ The purpose is to identify and list the hazards that could possibly
arise in each step of the job.
➢ Some hazards are more likely to occur than others, and some are
more likely to produce serious injuries than others.
➢ Consider all reasonable possibilities when identifying hazards.
JSA process cont’
3. Identify the hazards associated with each step.

11 basic types of accidents as guidance:

• Struck-against
• Struck-by
• Contact-with
• Contacted-by
• Caught-in
• Caught-on
• Caught-between
• Fall-same-level
• Fall-to-below
• Overexertion
• Exposure
Class Activity 2
Based on the SOP as mentioned Below, analyse the job sequence and separate the job into basic step.

• An operator working at Agogo Sdn Bhd, a tire maintenance workshop. One of the main activity is tire
balancing which require the operator to operate a machine. The machine is tire balancing that open and close
manually.
• The standard operating procedure (SOP) for the process is given as below:
• 1) After you clean the tire and rim remove the outer clamp on the wheel balancer and place the rim and tire
into position.
• 2) Replace the outer clamp and tighten. Remove all weights on rim using pliers
• 3) Measure the width of the rim using calipers and then measure the distance from the rim to the machine.
• 4) Pull the wheel cover down
• 5) Enter data into machine and start machine. The machine will spin the tire. After the machine has stopped
spinning move the wheel until the machine reads"0"
• 6) Add the weight to the rim as specified by the machine by hammering the weight between the tire and the
rim
• 7) Spin the tire again...all readings should be"0". Remove outer clamp and tire.
JSA process cont’
3. Identify the hazards associated with each step.
Consider Human Problems in the JSA/JHA Process
• What effects could there be if equipment is used incorrectly?
• Can the worker take shortcuts to avoid difficult, lengthy, or uncomfortable procedures?

➢ Job steps for a JSA/JHA are listed in a logical sequence. Some workers, however, may wish to change the
sequence for one reason or another.

➢ For example, one operator may choose to check fluid levels before he/she does a general walk-around. This
type of flexibility is good for worker morale and productivity.
➢
➢ But, on the other hand, there are times the sequence of the job steps or deviations from the job steps are
critical to safe performance of the job.

➢ An example of this is that the walk-around inspection must be made and safety deficiencies corrected before
the machine is run for the day. It would not be safe or proper to do the walk-around inspection after the
machine is run.
4. Determine preventative measures to
protect against the hazards (Required
Precautions)
• i. The most important aspect of the job hazard analysis is to determine preventive
measures to control or eliminate the identified hazards. What actions must be
taken to control or eliminate the hazard?
• ii. Eliminate the Hazard - Substitute with less hazardous substance/ material
• iii. Contain/Enclose the Hazard - Use a fume hood or proper shielding
• iv. Revise Safe Work Procedures - Adding additional steps
• v. Reduce Worker Exposure - This is the least effective option in most cases, but
may have to be used when permanent work process change is impossible or
impracticable. Examples of this option include job rotation, where worker
exposure is reduced, and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to
workers.
JSA process cont’
4. Control each hazard.

Ways to Eliminate or Control Hazards Be Developed

➢ There are ways to eliminate the hazards by choosing a different process, modifying
an existing process, substituting with a less hazardous substance, or improving
the environment.

➢ In developing solutions, the following steps can be taken:

• Find a new way to do the job.
• Change the physical conditions that create the hazard.
• Change the procedure to eliminate the hazard.
• Reduce the frequency of job performance. Reduce exposure.
• Contain the hazard with an enclosure, a barrier, or guards.
• Use protective devices such as PPE.
JSA process cont’
4. Control each hazard.
Change Job Procedures
➢ If the sequence of job steps or the deviations from established job steps are
critical to the safe performance of a job, this should be noted in the
JSA/JHA.
➢ The next part of the JSA process is to develop the recommended safe job
procedures to eliminate or reduce potential accidents or hazards that have
been identified. Use the following tips to each hazard in the job step:
1. Can a less hazardous way to do the job be found?
2. Can an engineering revision take place to make the job or work area
safer?
3. Is there a better way to do the job? This requires determining the
work goal and then analyzing various ways to reach the goal to see
which way is safest.
4. Are there work-saving tools and equipment available that can make
the job safer?
 6.2: JSA process cont’
4. Control each hazard. Change the Frequency of Performing a Job

➢ If the physical conditions such as the tools, materials, and equipment that may not be
right for the job. These conditions can be corrected by either engineering control or
administrative control, or both.
➢ If hazards cannot be engineered out of the job, can the job procedure be changed? Be
careful here because changes in job procedures to help eliminate the hazards must be
carefully studied. If the job changes are too difficult, long, or uncomfortable, then the
employee will take risks or shortcuts to avoid these procedures. Caution must be
exercised when changing job procedures to avoid creating additional hazards.
➢ Can the necessity of doing the job, or the frequency of performing the job, be reduced?
Often, maintenance jobs requiring frequent service or repair of equipment are
hazardous. To reduce the necessity of such a repetitive job, ask what can be done to
eliminate the cause or condition that makes excessive repair or service necessary.
 6.2.1: JSA/JHA form & practice
1) Method Statement form

➢ Method Statement is a form that listed all the information of

the job to be conducted.
➢ The information in the method statement form are as follows:

▪ Client ▪ Work methodology

▪ Building or project
▪ Method statement title
▪ Contractor/Service provider
▪ Document status
▪ Preparation, review and
verification sections
▪ Description of the job
activities and steps
including the preliminary
work and maintenance
▪ Safety work procedure
handling the job
▪ Personal protective
equipment (PPE)
requirement
 METHOD STATEMENT
• Ensure that all equipment, power tools and hand tools such as pressure washer, vacuum pump, charging gauge
Document Title (to be completed by the Contractor / Service Provider) manifold, portable gas torch, drill machine, electric portable grinder, multi-meter tester, copper pipe flaring tools,
Client: flexible bender, wrenches, pliers, hammer, screw drivers, extension cords and other portable hand tools are in
good condition and must handle properly.
Building/Project:
• Prior to working at height using the Skylift/Mobile Aerial Platform, ensure that it is in good working condition with
Method Statement Title: updated Certificate of Fitness (PMA) and the operator-driver is qualified with appropriate Training Certificate.
Contractor / Service Provider:
• Ensure that HVAC Technicians/Maintenance Crews were undergone Working at Height Training and must wear
Document Status (to be completed by the Contractor / Service Provider) Full Body Harness with Double Lanyard Hook and in good health, before riding-up to the Skylift-basket to
perform working at height activities.
Rev No Date Comments Prepare by Review by Verify by
xxx • Ensure that the areas under the Aircon Outdoor Units and the Skylift-basket is properly barricaded which would
prevent dropped objects such as screw driver & other hand tools, etc., from hitting anyone or equipment. All
tools & equipment used at height must be properly secured to make it does not fall and injure anyone.

Preparation, Review, and Verification • Switch-OFF the Isolator Switch or Circuit Breaker of the Air-conditioning unit which is intended for servicing and
make sure that the current is dead or 0.
PREPARATION:
I have prepared all aspects of this MS and I am satisfied to the best of my knowledge that it meets all acceptance criteria.
NAME DESIGNATION DATE SIGNATURE 1.1 Maintenance/General cleaning of the Aircon Outdoor Units:

• Before performing any Working at Height activities, PTW need to be applied first and attach the Skylift certificate
of fitness (PMA), including the training certificate of the Skylift Operator.
REVIEW:
• The work can be proceeded only once the PTW has been approved and the Tool Box Talk (TBT) has been
I have reviewed all aspects of this MS and I am satisfied to the best of my knowledge that it meets all acceptance criteria. carried out by the HVAC Team Leader.
NAME DESIGNATION DATE SIGNATURE
• During the execution of the work, all materials & tools must be keep in a proper and safe place and after the
end of any work, a proper housekeeping should be done by all the maintenance crews.

VERIFICATION: 2.0 Safety at working area:

I have verified all aspects of this MS and I am satisfied to the best of my knowledge that it meets all acceptance criteria.
NAME DESIGNATION DATE SIGNATURE All involved Maintenance Crews, including the Skylift Operator must be present during the Tool Box Talk which will be
conducted by the HVAC Team Leader/Supervisor and must be aware on any potential risks while performing the job. Work
will only commence when adequate protection is in place. HVAC Team Leader/Supervisor will be on the job site to ensure
safety of all the workers and equipment as well. The activities shall only be carried out during daytime and not to be done at
night time.

METHOD STATEMENT FOR THE SERVICING OF AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS:
All employees and self–employed labour will comply with this method statement and with the requirements of the
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 and all the other relevant health and safety legislation, together with any
specific site rules and where applicable, the requirements from principle contractor’s safety policy and construction phase
health and safety plan.
1.0 Description of Work
This Method Statement purposely outlines the related method and activities for the Servicing of Air-conditioning Units to
be performed within the Administrative building at Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTK). The activities shall be
carried out with the approval and witnessed by Safety and Health Liaison Officer (FTK).
2.0 Work Methodology
2.1 Preliminary Activities:
All tools and equipment used at height must be properly secured to make it does not fall and injure anyone. Barricade the
whole area on the actual job site and only authorized personnel can access the area.
3.0 Personal Protective Equipment, First Aid and Emergency Procedures.
• All personnel/workers and operators are required to have all the following when working on site:
✓ Safety helmet
✓ Safety glasses
✓ Long sleeve top and Safety Vest
✓ Safety boots or Safety shoes
✓ Full body harness with double lanyard hook
• Other appropriate PPE such as Safety Gloves, Ear Plugs and other protective clothing will be used as requested
for the work that will be undertaken.
• First-Aid Kit needs to be placed on site at all times and all emergency cases needs to be reported to the Safety
and Health Liaison Officer (FTK) at phone number 01x-xxxxxxx, as a first response measure and shall be
followed OSHA Act 514: Incident Notification & Reporting Procedure.
 6.2.1: JSA/JHA form & practice
cont’
2) JSA/JHA form

➢ JSA/JHA form listed necessary information of the job to be

conducted.
➢ The information in the form are as follows:
▪ Task job description
▪ Date
▪ JSA/JHA number
▪ Client
▪ Building or project
▪ Company or contractor
▪ Development team
members-name, position &
signature
▪ Section for prepared by, reviewed
by and approved by-name,
position, date & signature
▪ Likelihood and severity risk matrix
table and relative risk matrix (risk
rating)
▪ Column-job sequence, risk/hazard,
risk rating, risk category, risk rating
after CM, Risk category after CM
e. Develop a worker-training program
• Reformat the job hazard analysis into a training program to help the
employee eliminate or reduce hazards.
f. Re-evaluation
• Re-evaluate the job descriptions and modify the job hazard analysis’
accordingly
EXERCISE
• Ali Maju Services is a contractor that received a job
contract to change old fan in the classroom at a primary
school Sek. Keb. Bandar Baru Parkland. Figure shows the
job of installing a new ceiling fan.
• METHOD STATEMENT FOR THE INSTALLING CEILING FAN:
• All employees and self–employed labour will comply with this method
statement and with the requirements of
• the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 and all the other
relevant health and safety
• legislation, together with any specific site rules and where applicable, the
requirements from principle
• contractor’s safety policy and construction phase health and safety plan.

• 1.0 Description of Work

• This Method Statement purposely outlines the related method and activities
for the Installing ceiling fan to be
• performed within the Classroom at Sek Keb. Bandar Baru Parkland. The
activities shall be carried out with
• the approval and witnessed by safety and health person in charge Sek
Keb. Bandar Baru Parkland.
• 2.0 Work Methodology
• 2.1 Preliminary Activities:
• Ensure that all equipment, power tools and hand tools such as drill machine, multi-meter tester,
wrenches, pliers, hammer, screw drivers, extension cords and other portable hand tools are in good
condition and must handle properly.
• Prior to working at height using the ladder, ensure that it is in good working condition and the
workers are qualified with appropriate Training Certificate.
• Ensure that the areas under the Fan Units and the ladder is properly barricaded which would
prevent dropped objects such as screw driver & other hand tools, etc., from hitting anyone or
equipment.
All tools & equipment used at height must be properly secured to make it does not fall and injure
anyone.
• Switch-OFF the Isolator Switch or Circuit Breaker

• 2.2 Maintenance/General cleaning of the fan units:

• The work can be proceeded only once the Tool Box Talk (TBT) has been carried out by the Safety
and Health person incharge.
• During the execution of the work, all materials & tools must be keep in a proper and safe place and
after the end of any work, a proper housekeeping should be done by all the maintenance crews.
• 3.0 Safety at working area:
• All involved Maintenance Crews, must be present during the Tool Box Talk which will be conducted by
the
• Leader/Supervisor and must be aware on any potential risks while performing the job. Work will only
commence when adequate protection is in place. Leader/Supervisor will be on the job site to ensure
safety of all the workers and equipment as well. The activities shall only be carried out during daytime
and not to be done at night time.
• All tools and equipment used at height must be properly secured to make it does not fall and injure
anyone.
• Barricade the whole area on the actual job site and only authorized personnel can access the area.

• 4.0 Personal Protective Equipment, First Aid and Emergency Procedures.

• All personnel/workers and operators are required to have all the following when working on site:
✓ Safety helmet
✓ Safety glasses
✓ Long sleeve top and Safety Vest
✓ Safety boots or Safety shoes
• First-Aid Kit needs to be placed on site at all times and all emergency cases needs to be reported to the
Safety and Health person in charge at phone number 01x-xxxxxxx, as a first response measure and
shall be followed OSHA Act 514: Incident Notification & Reporting Procedure.
References:
➢ Charles D. Reese, Occupational Safety and Health, Fundamental
Principles and Philosophies, 2017, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

➢ JAMES ROUGHTON & NATHAN CRUTCHFIELD, JOB HAZARD

ANALYSIS A GUIDE FOR VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE AND
BEYOND,2nd Ed.,2016, Butterworth-Heinemann, Wyman Street,
Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
THANK YOU