EXPERIMENT 2.

VERIFICATION OF BERNOULLI’S THEOREM

Objective: To verify Bernoulli’s theorem using a recirculation type setup.
Piezometer tubes
Supply Discharge
tank tank

Bernoulli’s flow channel

Fig. No 14(a).1: Verification of Bernoulli’s apparatus

Theory: The Bernoulli’s theorem states that “Total head of streamlined flow remains
constant” provided the flow is steady, frictionless and the fluid used is incompressible. It can
be noted as

V12 V22
P1 + + Z1 = P2 + + Z2
2g 2g
𝑉2
where P is the pressure head, is the velocity head and Z is constant and is not taken for
2𝑔
calculations.
Formulae used:
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 × ℎ
𝑄𝑎 = (m 3 /sec)
𝑡
where tank area= 0.135 m2
𝑄
𝑉 = A in m/sec where A1= area of cross-section of flow channel at tube no.1
1

𝑉2
= Velocity head in m and g=9.81 m/sec2
2𝑔
𝑉2
Total head = 2𝑔 + 𝑃

P= Pressure head (actual measurement) in m

Procedure:

1
1. Fill clean water in the sump tank up to 3/4th level of the tank and keep the drain valve
closed.
2. Keep the bye-pass valve of the pump in open position. Keep open the ball valve of the
measuring tank.
3. Close the gate valve of the discharge tank to which the Bernoulli’s Flow Channel is fitted.
4. Now Switch on the pump.
5. Once the water flows through the bye-pass then close the ball valve gradually so that the
water starts entering the supply tank and at the same time water will start flowing through
flow channel and enter in the Delivery tank.
6. Allow the water to fill supply tank and Delivery tank for above 70%. The level of water
in both the tanks can be observed on the piezometric tubes.
7. Now gradually open the gate valve of the delivery tank.
8. Close the ball valve of measuring tank. Note down the reading on the manometer.
Measure the time required for collection of 10cm of water column in the measuring tank
by closing the ball valve. After taking readings of discharge immediately open the ball
valve. Do not allow the measuring tank to overflow.
9. Take some more readings by changing discharge.
10. After completing the experiment switch off the pump.

Specific Data:

Area of tank A=0.135m2 (0.45 m X 0.30 m) Acceleration due to gravity g=9.81 m/s2
Density of water ρa=1000 kg/m3 Specific gravity of mercury S=13.6

Nomenclature:

Nom Column heading Units Type

A Area of measuring tank m2 Given
H Height of column in piezometer tube m Measured
Time required to measure the discharge for 10cm
T s Measured
height
Q Discharge m3/s Calculated
P Pressure head m Calculated
𝐴1 Area of section of flow channel at tube no.1 m2 given

2
 Cross sectional areas at different piezometer tubes

Area of cross section

Tube No. Area cm2 Area *10-4 m2
1 3.97 3.97
2 3.14 3.14
3 2.40 2.40
4 1.77 1.77
5 1.227 1.227
6 1.77 1.77
7 2.40 2.40
8 3.14 3.14
9 3.97 3.97

Observation table:

Area
Pressure Velocity Velocity Discharge Total
Piezometer ‘A’ of head in Time t Head
Sl. No. head P ‘V’ in Q in
tube no. flow 𝑽𝟐 in sec 𝑽𝟐
in m m/sec m3/sec P+
cm2 𝟐𝒈 𝟐𝒈

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9

Results:
Pressure Velocity V in Velocity
𝑽𝟐 Discharge Total Head
Sl. No. 𝑽𝟐
head m/sec head in
𝟐𝒈 ‘Q’ in m3/sec P+ in m.
𝟐𝒈
m
1
2
3
4

Inference: