BITS, PILANI – HYDERABAD CAMPUS, HYDERABAD

FIRST SEMESTER 2022–2023

Course: ME F214/F217 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS Duration: 90 Minutes
Evaluation component: Mid semester test (Regular) Date: 05/11/2022 Maximum Marks: 60

Notes: Answer all questions. Start answering each question in a fresh page. All parts of same question
should be answered together. Assume any missing data suitably and mention the same at appropriate place
in your answers.
1. Consider an air standard dual cycle. The compression ratio is 10. The minimum pressure and
temperature in the cycle are 1 bar and 288 K respectively. The maximum pressure and temperature
in the cycle are 50 bar and 2400 K respectively. Use the ratio of specific heats as 1.4 and the gas
constant as 0.287 kJ/kg K. Assume that the variation of specific heats in the temperature range could
be neglected. Answer/obtain the following in the same sequence:
a. What is the temperature at the end of isentropic compression process, T2
b. What is the temperature at the end of isochoric heat addition process, T3
c. What is the total amount of heat added, Q1 in kJ/kg
d. What is the temperature at the end of isentropic expansion process, T5?
e. What is the total amount of heat rejected, Q2 in kJ/kg
f. What is the net work done in kJ/kg
g. What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle?
h. What is the mean effective pressure? [8 x 2 = 16M]

2.
a. Consider a gas turbine plant working on the Brayton cycle. The maximum and minimum
temperatures of the cycle are 1000 K and 288 K respectively. The pressure ratio is 6. The
isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 85% and 90%, respectively. Ratio of
the specific heats of air = 1.4 and Cp of air = 1.005 kJ/kgK. Compute/answer the following:
i. What is the compressor work in kJ/kg
ii. What is the turbine work in kJ/kg
iii. What is the heat added in kJ/kg
iv. What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the specific work output?
b. A Rankine cycle using superheated steam is to be added to the above gas turbine plant, as a
bottoming cycle. The gas turbine is to produce 100MW of power. The following assumptions
are applicable: The isentropic efficiency of the steam turbine is 0.85; The temperature of the
gas leaving the steam boiler (that is, the heat exchanger) should be at least 170oC to avoid
corrosion due to condensation of water vapor in the products of combustion; The pump work
can be neglected. Answer/compute the following
i. Mass flow rate (kg/s), mg required for the gas turbine.
ii. Mass flow rate of the steam in kg/s, if the applicable enthalpy of the steam at the exit
of the heat exchanger is 3137 kJ/kg and that of the water at the entry of the heat
exchanger is 859 kJ/kg.
iii. The steam turbine power output, if the enthalpy at the end the isentropic expansion
in the turbine is 2126 kJ/kg.
iv. What is the combined cycle efficiency? [8 x 2 = 16M]
3. An air-cooling system for jet plane cockpit operates on simple air refrigeration cycle. The cockpit is
to be maintained at 22oC. The ambient air pressure and temperature are 0.35 bar and -15oC
respectively. The pressure ratio of the jet compressor is 3. The plane speed is 800 km/hr. The
pressure drop through cooler coil is 0.1 bar. The temperature of air coming out of heat exchanger is
equal to the temperature after ram diffuser. The pressure of the air leaving the cooling turbine is 1.06
bar and cockpit is 1.01325 bar. The cockpit cooling load is 16 TR (ton of refrigeration). Ram
efficiency 90%, isentropic efficiency of main compressor and cooling turbine is 80%. Assume
specific heat ratio is 1.4 and Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K. Answer/Calculate the following:
a. Draw the applicable Temperature entropy plot [2M]
b. Stagnation temperature and pressure of the air entering the compressor [5M]
c. Mass flow rate of air circulated [2M]
d. Volume handled by compressor [4M]
e. COP of the system after neglecting ram work [3M]

4. Answer the following questions in short.

a. Show the effect of pressure ratio on net work output and efficiency of an ideal Brayton cycle
with the help of a suitable plot.
b. How do open feedwater heaters differ from closed feedwater heaters? How do the following
quantities change when the simple ideal Rankine cycle is modified with regeneration:
Turbine work output, Heat supplied, Moisture content at turbine exit? Assume the mass flow
rate through the boiler is the same.
c. Evaluate ammonia (NH3) as refrigerant and write refrigerant nomenclature of NH3, CO2,
Tetrafluoroethene.
d. In gas refrigeration cycles, can we replace the turbine with an expansion valve as we did in
vapor-compression refrigeration cycles? Why? [4 x 3= 12 M]