ICGSE Physic Paper

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 25 May 2023
Morning (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference 4PH1/1PR 4SD0/1PR
Physics
UNIT: 4PH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1PR
You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator, Equation Booklet (enclosed)
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfFillpencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 110.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
P71956A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/1/
*P71956A0132*
FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t
1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)
pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.
2
*P71956A0232* 
BLANK PAGE
3
 *P71956A0332* Turn over
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 This question is about the electromagnetic spectrum.

-
(a) The table gives some statements about the electromagnetic spectrum.
Place three ticks (ü) in the table to show which statements are correct.
> - (3)
Statement Correct
all electromagnetic waves are longitudinal X
all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space V

radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum v
x-rays have the highest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum X
all electromagnetic waves transfer energy -
all electromagnetic waves can cause cancer X
4
*P71956A0432* 
(b) Electromagnetic waves can be useful, but can also be harmful.
--
(i) Give one use and one harmful effect of microwaves.

(2)
use
cooking/communication/ radar
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
harmful effect
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .can
heat human body tissue
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give one use and one harmful effect of gamma rays.
(2)
use
cure
cancer/sterilise medical instruments .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
harmful effect
to the cell lead
damage living which to
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cancer .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
5
 *P71956A0532* Turn over
2 The photograph shows the International Space Station (ISS) in orbit around the Earth.
-
(Source: © Dima Zel/Shutterstock)
*
(a) The ISS orbits the Earth in a circular orbit.
-
e
Which of these also orbits the Earth?

-
(1)
A a comet
B Mars
- C the Moon
D the Sun
(b) Which of these forces causes the ISS to orbit the Earth?
(1)
A air resistance
B electrostatic
C friction
-D gravitational
6
*P71956A0632* 
(c) The ISS completes one orbit of the Earth in a time period of 93 minutes. 6-8x103
-
(i) The orbital radius of the ISS is 6.8 × 103 km.

->km
"
⑧
e
De
->
Calculate the orbital speed of the ISS in km / s. e
(3)
- -
-
88x163D= comio
248
Y =
DA =
-
-
ordere
I Harris :
suss : C
-
orbital speed = ......................................... ................ . . . . . km / s
(ii) Show that the ISS completes approximately 15 orbits of the Earth each day.
(2)
- -
I orbits tokes 99 min

/60 =
1 55hr
.
nos. of orbits for a

day =
24/1 .
55
-15 .
4 =
15 orbits
7
 *P71956A0732* Turn over
BLANK PAGE
8
*P71956A0832* 
3 A model electric motor is used to lift a load through a vertical height.
power supply
electric motor
joulemeter
1
M
h =
load /
Frog mass ->
(a) The load has a mass of 400 g and gains 3.2 J of energy in its gravitational store
when lifted.
-
- -
(i) State the formula linking gravitational potential energy, mass,

-
-
gravitational field strength (g) and height.

(1)
-
-
h
GRE =
mass x
g
x
(ii) Calculate the height the load is lifted.

aPE = 3 25
. ,
m
=
400g =
0 .
4kg (3)
GRE =
nigh
2x10
= z
GPt/mg
-
h =
height = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
-
(iii) State the amount of useful work done on the load by the motor when the
load is lifted through this height.
-
(1)
Work done = 3 . 25
work done = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
9
 *P71956A0932* Turn over
(b) The load is lifted at a constant speed.
-
Diagram 1 shows the lifting force acting on the load as it is lifted.

Draw a labelled arrow on diagram 1 to show the other force acting on the load.
-
Ignore the effects of air resistance.

(2)
lifting force
load
! =
mg
Diagram 1
(c) A joulemeter measures the amount of energy transferred electrically to the motor
as the motor lifts the load.
The joulemeter displays a reading of 11.0 J when the load has gained 3.2 J of
energy in its gravitational store.
e -
-
-
(i) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.

(3)
energy output
Total =115
useful energy output

3 = .
25

officienc =
-
Total
energy output
3 100 Y
4
.
-
.
x
-
"29 %
efficiency = ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P71956A01032* 
-
(ii) Justify why 7.8 J of energy must be dissipated into the thermal store of the
surroundings as the load is lifted.
-
-
(2)
-
Total
energy output useful output +
wasted output
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
=
I = 3 2 . watted
+
output
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wasted output = 11-5 . 2= 7 85 .
E
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Diagram 2 is an incomplete Sankey diagram. -
Complete the Sankey diagram to show the energy transferred by the motor.
(3)
I
-
-
1 useful output
energy
input
energy
5 .
2 mon
wasted output
energy
Diagram 2
11
 *P71956A01132* Turn over
4 This question is about magnets.
- -
(a) Which of these substances is not attracted to a bar magnet?

(1)
A cobalt
-B copper
C iron
D nickel
(b) Diagram 1 shows a bar magnet.
-
7
- N S
C
-
7
>
Diagram 1
Draw magnetic field lines on diagram 1 to show the shape and direction of the
magnetic field around the bar magnet.
(3)
(c) Some bar magnets are made of steel.

Explain why steel is a good material for making bar magnets.
⑧
(2)
magnetically
Steel is
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a
hard material which store
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
magnetisim for long period

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a
. . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P71956A01232* 
(d) Diagram 2 shows a cross-section through a wire placed between two
magnetic poles.
The direction of the current in the wire is out of the page.
wire
*
Diagram 2
-
(i) Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the direction of the force on the wire
due to the magnetic field.
Assume that the magnetic field is uniform.
(2)
(ii) State two changes that could be made that would decrease the magnitude of
the force on the wire in diagram 2.
-
(2)
userwankermagnets miningmagnetsfurtheraparteee /
1 . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
 *P71956A01332* Turn over
5 A car is travelling in a straight line along a road. The car passes a person standing at
the side of the road.
Before passing the person, the driver of the car presses the car’s horn. The horn
makes a loud sound of constant frequency.
-
The horn continues to make a sound until after the car has passed the person.
Discuss the differences in the frequencies of the sound heard by
• the driver of the car
• the person at the side of the road
* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .movement
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .no
between driver & horn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
XX :
frequency does not
change
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*
Doppler effects will appling
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
·
#
frequency is higher when approach
car
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
waveforts
* because become closer
together;
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X
frequency lower
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .is
when car moves
away
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................
; .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X because wavefort become wider/further apart

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P71956A01432* 
6 A student investigates how the current in a 60 Ω resistor varies with the voltage
across the resistor.
-
-
(a) The student has access to this equipment

• 12 V battery
-
-
• ammeter and voltmeter

-
• 60 Ω resistor
-
• variable resistor
-
-
• switch
-
• connecting wires
-
Draw a circuit diagram to show how the student could connect this equipment to
carry out the investigation.
(4)
-
7
/
17 I I
G -
-
I
12V
battery
15
 *P71956A01532* Turn over
·
(b) Describe a suitable method the student could use for this investigation.
(4)
& current
*
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .measure
voltage
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X
vary voltage across resistor
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and
X take
repeat
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a
readings average
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
between
X switch off circuit in
readings
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................
. .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i) Complete the current–voltage graph by drawing a line that shows the
expected results of the investigation.
R = Go
- (3)
V= 12V
0.30
I =
YR
0 0.20 =>
⑰
=
12/68
Current =
U . 2A
in A
0.10 X
-120
I =
"1
0
0.00 -
⑧ = 0 1A .
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Voltage in V
16
*P71956A01632* 
GR 122
(ii) The student repeats their investigation with a 120 Ω resistor. I =
0 . 2A I = 0-1A
-
Explain how a current–voltage graph for a 120 Ω resistor compares with the
current–voltage graph for the 60 Ω resistor.
(3)
* Both I V .
graph will have shape

same
straight line through origin
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ..........................................................................................................................................
...
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
X 1202 Resistor has lower

gradient line .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resistor has half the line

X 1200
gradient .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
 *P71956A01732* Turn over
BLANK PAGE
18
*P71956A01832* 
7 Protactinium is an element with several different radioactive isotopes.
-
(a) Protactinium-234 has a half-life of 6.7 hours. 800
A sample of protactinium-234 has an initial activity of 800 units.

-
(15,0 -
6 7 -> I .
-
-
(i) Give a suitable unit for activity. <end) 6 .

7 ->
(1)
13 4 .
->
Becquerels
(3rd)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19 4 - 20 1 ->20
.
.
2
(ii) On the axes below, sketch a graph for the decay of the sample of
protactinium-234 during its first three half-lives.
- Star (0, 500)
(3)
800 ⑪
600
Activity
400 N
in ..Bq
.. . . . .
200 x
0 I .., .....
3
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time in hours -
-
I
–
(iii) When protactinium-234 undergoes beta ( β ) decay it becomes uranium-234.
-
The incomplete nuclear equation shows this process.
0
234 234
Pa 92 U + β
91 -
A
Complete the nuclear equation to show the beta decay of protactinium-234.

Write your answers in the dashed boxes.
(2)
19
 *P71956A01932* Turn over
(b) A student suggests an experiment to determine the type of radiation emitted by
!
a different isotope of protactinium, protactinium-231.
-
This is the suggested method.

E
Step 1 connect a suitable radiation detector to a radiation counter
-
Step 2 place a source of protactinium-231 at a fixed distance of 3 cm from the

radiation detector
- - -
-
Step 3 record the count of detected radiation for a time of one minute
-
Step 4 place a sheet of paper between the source and detector

- - -
Step 5 record the count of detected radiation for a time of one minute
-
Step 6 repeat Steps 4 and 5 using a sheet of aluminium and then a sheet of lead
instead of the sheet of paper
- -
The table shows the results of the investigation when it is done by a teacher.
Material between source and detector Count
no material -
261 -
paper
- -
14 -
-
aluminium - 11 -
-
/
lead -
-
13 -
(i) Which of these is the dependent variable in the investigation?

- (1)
- A count measured by the detector-
fix
B distance between source and detector
-
-
C material between source and detector

-
D time the count is measured

x
20
*P71956A02032* 
Par remove
-
=>
-> 1 min
lont/
(ii) The student’s method does not allow for background radiation. -
Describe how the student’s method should be modified to allow for

background radiation.
-- (3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. x
Remove from the
.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .source experiment .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
measureuntforaminute
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
adiation counts from resulte

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Describe how the student’s method could be modified to improve the
reliability of the results.
Repeat the measurements to determini mean value

(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Evaluate the data from the experiment to conclude the type of radiation
emitted by protactinium-231. -
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. ..*
counts decrease significantly using paper
.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
additional effects the count when aluminium

X
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . .no
on
using
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
& lead .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* radiation must be alpha consistent

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
 *P71956A02132* Turn over
BLANK PAGE
22
*P71956A02232* 
8 Diagram 1 shows a set of masses attached to a spring, which is suspended from
a support.
support
I
spring
I 14 GCm .
·
O Diagram 1
masses
(a) After the masses are added, the length of the spring is 14.6 cm.
-
The student measures the extension of the spring as 11.5 cm.

-
(i) Calculate the original length of the spring.

(1)
14 6-K 5 3 1cm
Original length
.
. =
=
.
original length = .................................. ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
(ii) The student removes the masses and notices that the spring does not show
-
elastic behaviour. -
- D
Predict a value for the new length of the spring after the masses have
been removed.
-
(1)
14 6
new length of spring = .................................. ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
.
23
 *P71956A02332* Turn over
(b) The student puts the masses back on the spring.
The student then pulls the masses down and releases them.
The masses vibrate up and down in a vertical direction, as shown in diagram 2.
support
spring
vibrations masses
Diagram 2
24
*P71956A02432* 
The distance–time graph shows how the distance between the top of the masses
and the support changes with time as the masses vibrate.
-
elocity or
speec
Distance
a X X
Time
(i) Explain how the gradient of the graph shows that the masses accelerate as
they vibrate.
(3)
# The
I
radient of the graph is the speed .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
constant
*
The
gradient is not .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
speed is not constant .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Add crosses (X) to the distance–time graph to show all the times when the
masses are not moving.
-
(2)
25
 *P71956A02532* Turn over
9 The driver of a racing car makes a pit stop during a race to change the tyres on the
racing car.
The area where the tyres are changed is called the pit lane. =
-
(Source: © Hafiz Johari/Shutterstock)

⑧
(a) Before entering the pit lane, the speed of the car must decrease for safety reasons.
- -
(i) The mass of the racing car is 830 kg. -
The maximum braking force is 41 000 N.

(
-jo .
Show that the maximum deceleration of the racing car is

--
approximately 50 m / s2.
->
(3)
F =
ma
F) =
41000
-
=
44 39
- -
.
=
50m/52
a m
=
830
-
(ii) The racing car is travelling at an initial speed of 72 m / s.

-
car from 72 m / s to 26 m / s.
E
Calculate the minimum distance needed to decrease the speed of the racing
-
- -
V (3)
i I
x
2
= u2 + 2as
e
n2 262-7 45 08 m
S -
=
- -
-
.
2x( 50) -
distance = ............................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
26
*P71956A02632* 
(b) The racing car slows down using its brakes.
The brakes work using friction.
-
The brakes become very hot when the racing car slows down. - -
Using ideas about energy, explain why the brakes become hot.
(3)
-
Cstore)
-
The kinetic of the is decreased

energy racing car .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The thermal store) of She break is increased

energy
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The
energy
transfered mechanically
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
·
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The tyres of the racing car also get very hot during a race. -
A mechanic has to handle the hot tyres during the pit stop. -
They wear protective gloves which have several layers of insulating materials.
n e
- -
-
Explain how the layers of insulating materials in the gloves reduce the risk of the
-
-
mechanic burning their hands on the hot tyres.

-
-
(2)
- - -
The insulation material arc conductors

poor
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the
The
layers trap air .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
 *P71956A02732* Turn over
10 A dam is a structure designed to hold water in a reservoir.
F
On Patm = 100 kPG
LJ
x=
↓
water 35m
dam water in a reservoir
pigt
4-
-
(a) The water in the reservoir has a depth of 35 m.

- -
(i) State the formula linking pressure difference, height, density and g.
(1)
Pressure difference =
density x
g x
height .
O
10
↓
I②2002
8
!
(ii) Atmospheric pressure at the surface of the reservoir is 100 kPa.
-
- -
↑ a
Calculate the total pressure at the bottom of the reservoir.
[for water, density = 1000 kg / m3]
(3)
p =
Sgh 350kPa
=> 1000 x 10 x 55 =
.. pressure at bottom = P- Patan

450 kPa .
350 100
=
= +
pressure = ................................... ................ . . . . . . . . . . . kPa
28
*P71956A02832* 
(b) An underwater camera is used in the water reservoir.
-
The camera lens experiences a force of 430 N at a pressure of 260 kPa.

- -
(i) State the formula linking pressure, force and area.

(1)
Pressure =
Force/Area
(ii) Calculate the area of the camera lens.

Give a suitable unit.
(4)
P =
F/A 3
m2
2130 1 65 x 10
F/p
.
=
A =
=
x10S
=> 0 .
00165 m2 C -
-
area = .............................................................. unit ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Sea water has a density of 1030 kg / m3.

-
Explain how the design of the dam would need to be changed to hold the same
depth of sea water safely.
-
(2)
euve
at the bottom is
greater than before .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:. Use wider base .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
 *P71956A02932* Turn over
F O-> ·
-
F
- ->
x
I
L
I
*
11 The gravitational field strength of a planet decreases with increasing distance from
the planet.
The table shows the value of the gravitational field strength of Mars at different -
distances from the centre of Mars.

- -
Distance from centre of Mars in km Gravitational field strength in N / kg
4000 2.66
5000 1.70
-
6000 1.18
7000 0.87
8000 0.67
9000 0.53
(a) A student finds this formula in a textbook, which links distance from the centre of
a planet to its gravitational field strength
E gravitational field strength × distance2 = constant

-
Use data from the table to justify this formula.

(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

↑
Constant
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42560000
-
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-
42500000
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 66
(x)xy2 xk
=
x
-
.
4000
=
-
>
- 9 ->
=
↓ -
Alta+) Afar + Fe)
=>
->
-
=
x
30
*P71956A03032* 
(b) Olympus Mons is the tallest mountain on Mars.
- =>
The distance between the centre of Mars and the peak of Olympus Mons
is 3410 km. - -
-
?
Calculate the gravitational field strength at the peak of Olympus Mons.
(3)
I
distan? constant
Gravitational field strength x
=
constant
Gravitational Field Strength =
Sant
-
42500000
-
(341032
=
3 .
65N/g
gravitational field strength = ........................................................ . . . . . . N / kg
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 110 MARKS
31
 *P71956A03132*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number

Friday 16 June 2023
Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper
reference 4PH1/2PR
Physics
UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2PR
You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator, Equation Booklet (enclosed)
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfFillpencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
P71958RA
N:1/1/1/1/1/
*P71958RA0124*
FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t
1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)
pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2
change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t
change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c
change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P71958RA0224* 
Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The boxes show some physical quantities and their units.
Draw a straight line from each physical quantity to its correct unit.
-
One has been done for you.

(3)
Physical quantity Unit
velocity metre per second squared (m / s2)
force watt (W)
power newton (N)
moment metre per second (m / s)
acceleration newton metre (N m)
(b) Some physical quantities are scalars and other physical quantities are vectors. -
-
(i) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.
(1)
Vector quantity has direction while scalar doesn't
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give an example of a scalar quantity.

(1)
Power
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
 *P71958RA0324* Turn over
2 This question is about different methods of generating electricity.
--
(a) Natural gas can be burned to generate electricity.
- -
Name the energy store that decreases when natural gas is burned.
(1)
Chemical Energy
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Burning natural gas and the movement of water waves can both be used to
- -
generate electricity.
-
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods of

generating electricity.
produce carbon dioxide (4)
->
.
Natural Gas
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
demand
c) It
generate electricity
can meet to .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) It is non-renewable energy resource .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wer
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C1) Wave Power is renewable resource

energy
a .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) doesn't all the time

Wave
present
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P71958RA0424* 
BLANK PAGE
5
 *P71958RA0524* Turn over
3 A cleaning product is applied to a car using a sponge pad.
-
The sponge pad is rubbed against the car to apply the cleaning product.
-
(Source: © Nor Gal/Shutterstock)
(a) Some parts of the car are made of metal and other parts
e
are made of plastic.
- -
The metal parts of the car are earthed.

n e e
- -
Explain why the pad becomes charged when rubbing the plastic parts, but not
when rubbing the metal parts.
0
- -
(3)
-
Plastic is an insulator .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to insulator (friction) electrons

when
rubbing an
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
are transferred .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electors remain on
plastic parts .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P71958RA0624* 
(b) The sponge pad is held near a metal post that is connected to the ground.
The sponge pad discharges with a small spark through the air to the metal post.
(i) The sponge pad stores 5.0 mJ of energy in its electrostatic store.
The voltage between the sponge pad and the metal post is 6000 V.
Calculate the charge transferred by the spark.
(3)
energy
=
charge voltage
charge =
-=>
energy 1 0000
voltage -
7 C
= 8 .
3 x 16
charge transferred = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C
↳
(ii) The small spark between the sponge pad and the metal post demonstrates -
that the sponge pad is charged.

o
Describe a different experiment that could demonstrate that the sponge pad
is charged.
-
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.

(2)
...
-
-...
6
-- 0
S- ⑧
-
Cir
+
+
Bring uncharged sponge near to the

charged sponge
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
used to demostrate charge sponge

on
Attraction
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
 *P71958RA0724* Turn over
4 The photograph shows a dummy during a test of the safety features of a car in
e
a collision. -
= ->->
(Source: © fStop Images GmbH/Alamy Stock Photo)
Before the collision, the dummy in the car is travelling at a velocity of 14 m / s.

- -
-
The dummy has a momentum of 1100 kg m / s.
(a) (i) State the formula linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)
momentum = mas x
velocity
-
(ii) Show that the mass of the dummy is approximately 80
-
-M kg.
(3)
-
mass= momentum
-
velocity
1188
-
-
14↑
- 79 =
sokg
8
*P71958RA0824* 
x =
One
-
(b) The dummy is brought to rest during the collision by a mean force of 15 kN.
-
⑦ -
Calculate the time taken for the dummy to be brought to rest in the collision.
(3)
-
F = DP/t
100
t RP/F --
15x103
=
S
- 0 .
073
time taken = ............................. ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
(c) The car being tested is fitted with airbags. -

-
Using ideas about momentum, explain how an airbag reduces the force
experienced by the dummy in the collision.
(2)
the collision time and reduces
airbag incrases
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................
; .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rate of of momentum
the change .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
 *P71958RA0924* Turn over
5 This question is about specific heat capacity.
-
(a) State what is meant by the term specific heat capacity.

(3)
Energy required param of mass to

change 11
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
LORS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~Energy required for unit a to man

change per
unit
temperature
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The diagram shows a sample of solid stearic acid being heated in a boiling tube
--
using a water bath.
-
thermometer
- -
support
exc ->
372
boiling tube containing
stearic acid
- water bath
10
*P71958RA01024* 
u
The mass of stearic acid in the boiling tube is 58 g.

-
When the boiling tube is placed in the water bath, the temperature of the stearic
acid increases from 21 °C to 37 °C. The stearic acid does not melt. mcAT
Th T2 - -
#
As the temperature of the stearic acid increases, an additional[1
3500 J of energy
needs to be transferred electrically to the water bath. E
(T2-T , ]
②
(i) Using this data, show that the specific heat capacity of the solid stearic acid is
-
approximately 4 J / g °C.
-
(3)
>
-
AD = maAT
-
As -
0
m(T2-T )
=
mAT ,
3500 -
-
-
58x(37 -
21)
= 3 77 .
=
3 8 .
=
45/92
D
C
(ii) The true value for the specific heat capacity of solid stearic acid is 2.3 J / g °C.
- - - -
Give a reason for the difference between the value in (i) and the true value.
(1)
Energy lost to the

surrounding .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stearic is
impure
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
 *P71958RA01124* Turn over
BLANK PAGE
12
*P71958RA01224* 
6 This question is about electromagnetism. ---
-
(a) Diagram 1 shows the magnetic field around a straight section of copper wire. - -
-
I I 66
I
copper wire
->
Diagram 1
Explain why the copper wire has the magnetic field shown in the diagram.
(2)
-
There must be a current in the wire .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The current must be the

to
right
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) A student investigates how the strength of an electromagnet varies with the
current
-
in the electromagnet.
The diagram shows their apparatus.
electromagnet
load
1009
13
 *P71958RA01324* Turn over
This is the student’s method.
• switch on the electromagnet at its maximum current
- - -1009I ,
• place a load of 100 g so that it is held above the floor by the electromagnet
I
-
- -
• slowly reduce
-
1
the current in the electromagnet until the load falls from
- -
the electromagnet -
1
-
• record the current at which the load falls

- -
• record the current at which the same load falls two more times
- /
e -
.
- . .
-
Repeat the method for loads of different masses. -
(i) Suggest a suitable safety precaution for the student’s investigation.

(1)
- -
-
Avoid fall objects from hitting hands or feet -
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OR
Take of effects of current
care
heating
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(OR)
Protect the floor from
damge .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The table shows the student’s results.
Current at which the load falls in A

Mass of load
in g
1 2 3 Mean
100 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.30

-
200 0.60 0.57 0.57 0.58
300 0.91 0.90 0.86 0.89
400 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.23
500 1.45 1.57 1.48 1.50
0
600 1.79
-
&
1.84 G
1.87 1 83.
-
Calculate the mean current when the mass of the load was 600 g.
- -
Give your answer to a suitable number of significant figures.

I 1 79 . + 1-84 +
1 87 .
=1 85 A .
(2)
mean =
-
B
mean current = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
14
*P71958RA01424* 
(iii) On the grid, plot a graph of the mean current against the mass of the load.
--
The scale for the mass axis has been done for you.
(3)
(iv) Draw the line of best fit.
3(1)
2 --
-
1 . X
Mean *
-
current
*
I
(A) -
0 5 . -
0 1-.
0 100
-
200
e
300
-
400
-
0 500
-
600
-
100
Mass in g
-
(v) The student predicts that a load of 1.0 kg will fall when the current in the
electromagnet is 3.0 A.
- -
Comment on the student’s prediction.

(3)
*
119 is 1000
g -
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X
2x5009 1000g
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
=
500g gives 5A
1 .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 x2 3A
1008g
:. -> 1 .
=
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X Because current is
directly proportional to
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mass
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
 *P71958RA01524* Turn over
7 This question is about sound waves.
-
-
(a) The table gives the frequencies of some different sound waves.
-
-
Place ticks ( ) in the table to show which sound waves can be heard by humans.
(2)
20112 ->
20000
Frequency 17 z
Sound wave Can be heard by humans
in Hz
A 10
B 30 -
-
C 500
D 2000 -
E 10 000 -
F 25 000
(b) The diagram shows the screen of an oscilloscope when a sound wave is detected.
- -
Add to the diagram by drawing the trace of another sound wave that has a lower
pitch and is quieter than the sound wave shown.
- -
(2)
d
no
-
I
m
e
a it
16
*P71958RA01624* 
-
-
(c) The speed of sound in air varies with temperature.
-
A student finds a formula in a textbook that links the speed of sound waves in air
-
to the temperature of the air, measured in kelvin.
-
---
speed of sound in air = (0.606 × temperature in kelvin) + 166

----
(i) Calculate the speed of sound when the air temperature is 46 °C.
(2)
-- -
-
T = 46C + 273 =
319K
166
speed = 20 600
.
+ TC +
=
(0 . 606x319) + 166
=
359 . 3 ~
3/s
speed of sound = ...................................................... . . . . . . . . m / s

I
(ii) Calculate the wavelength
-
of a sound wave with a frequency of 15 000 Hz when
-
the air temperature is 46 °C.

-
(3)
--
Speec =
frequent x
wavelength
v =
8x
360
V/I
- -
x =
15008
* = 0 . 024m
wavelength = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
17
 *P71958RA01724* Turn over
8 This question is about stars.
(a) The table gives some information about four stars.
-
Mass Absolute
Star Colour
in solar masses magnitude
A ⑦
0.7 orange
- ↑
+7.5
B 1.0 yellow +4.8

-
0
C - ⑧
2.0 - -
-
blue +1.4
0
D !
17.1 -
blue
!
–16.8&
(i) Star C is much more powerful than star A.

-
Stars A and C appear to have the same brightness when viewed from Earth. -
- -
Suggest how this is possible.

(1)
Star A is closer than star c to the earth .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Using information from the table, explain which star is in the supernova stage - -
of its evolution.
-
-
(3)
Starb
supernova stage
is in the .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
it has shan the

Because a
larger mass Sun .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
And it has lowest a absolute

magnitude .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
*P71958RA01824* 
(b) Explain how a main sequence star evolves into a supernova.
(3)
star becomes red
supergiant
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
⑧ Fusion of heavier element stops .in core

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
And star explodes as

supernova
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
 *P71958RA01924* Turn over
(c) Astronomers have used supernovas in distant galaxies to investigate the
expansion of the universe.
-
X
-
-
(i) Light emitted from a supernova at a wavelength of -

- -
7.774 × 10–7 m was
detected at Earth with a wavelength of 7.780 × 10 m.
-
–7
V -
Calculate the speed at which the galaxy containing this supernova was
moving away from the Earth.
-
[speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m / s] I)se
(4)
-
*
↑ xo
--
-
x0
V
t
774x 187
-
- 3x108
[
7 .
7 78x10-7
.
v =
2 . 315x105 m/s
speed = ...................................................... . . . . . . . . m / s
20
*P71958RA02024* 
(ii) The astronomers investigated supernovas that showed a red-shift in the -
wavelengths detected in different galaxies.

-
-
-
The astronomers discovered that the red-shifted light detected from -
supernovas in nearby galaxies had shorter wavelengths than the red-shifted

-
-
-
light detected from supernovas in galaxies

- -
further away.
Explain how this discovery supports the Big Bang theory. -
(4)
Nearby galaxies show smaller red-shift

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Nearby galaxies travelling

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................
slower than further galanice
are ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Universe is
expanding
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
Universe
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .was
at
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . once single point a ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS
21
 *P71958RA02124*
BLANK PAGE
22
*P71958RA02224* 
BLANK PAGE
23
 *P71958RA02324*
BLANK PAGE
24
*P71958RA02424* 
Friday 16 June 2023
Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper
reference 4PH1/2PR
Physics
UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2PR
Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.
Turn over
P71958RA
N:1/1/1/1/1/
*P71958RA*
These equations may be required for both International GCSE Physics (4PH1) and
International GCSE Combined Science (4SD0) papers.
1. Forces and Motion
distance moved
average speed =
time taken
acceleration = change in velocity a!

#v " u $
time taken t
v2 ! u 2 " $ 2 # a # s %
force = mass × acceleration F=m×a
weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g
2. Electricity
power = current × voltage P=I×V
energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t
voltage = current × resistance V=I×R
charge = current × time Q=I×t
energy transferred = charge × voltage E=Q×V
3. Waves
wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ
1 1
frequency = f =
time period T
sin! angle of incidence " sin i

refractive index = n=
sin! angle of refraction" sin r
1 1
sin! critical angle " # sin c =
refractive index n
2 P71958RA

4. Energy resources and energy transfers

efficiency = ×100%
total energy output
work done = force × distance moved W=F×d
gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

GPE = m × g × h
1 1
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2 KE ! " m " v 2
2 2
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
5. Solids, liquids and gases
mass m
density = !"
volume V
force F
pressure = p=
area A
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h×ρ×g
pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2
pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p 2 × V2
8. Astrophysics
2! " ! orbital radius 2"# " r

orbital speed = v!
time period T
The equations on the following page will only be required for International GCSE Physics.
P71958RA 3
 Turn over
These additional equations may be required in International GCSE Physics papers 2P
and 2PR.
momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v
force =
change in momentum
F!
# mv " mu $
time taken t
moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT
6. Magnetism and electromagnetism
relationship between input and output voltages for a transformer

input (primary) voltage primary turns
=
output (secondary) voltage secondary turns
input power = output power Vp Ip = Vs Is

for 100% efficiency
8. Astrophysics
change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy ! " !0 $! v

= # #
reference wavelength speed of light !0 !0 c
END OF EQUATION LIST
4 P71958RA

BLANK PAGE
32
*P71956A03232* 
Thursday 25 May 2023
Morning (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference 4PH1/1PR 4SD0/1PR
Physics
 
UNIT: 4PH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1PR
Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.
Turn over
P71956A
N:1/1/1/1
*P71956A*
These equations may be required for both International GCSE Physics (4PH1) and
International GCSE Combined Science (4SD0) papers.
distance moved
average speed =
time taken
acceleration = change in velocity a!

#v " u $
time taken t
v2 ! u 2 " $ 2 # a # s %
force = mass × acceleration F=m×a
weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g
2. Electricity
power = current × voltage P=I×V
energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t
voltage = current × resistance V=I×R
charge = current × time Q=I×t
energy transferred = charge × voltage E=Q×V
3. Waves
wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ
1 1
frequency = f =
time period T
sin! angle of incidence " sin i

refractive index = n=
sin! angle of refraction" sin r
1 1
sin! critical angle " # sin c =
refractive index n
2 P71956A
4. Energy resources and energy transfers

efficiency = ×100%
total energy output
work done = force × distance moved W=F×d
gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

GPE = m × g × h
1 1
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2 KE ! " m " v 2
2 2
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
mass m
density = !"
volume V
force F
pressure = p=
area A
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h×ρ×g
pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2
pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p 2 × V2
8. Astrophysics
2! " ! orbital radius 2"# " r

orbital speed = v!
time period T
The equations on the following page will only be required for International GCSE Physics.
P71956A 3
Turn over
These additional equations may be required in International GCSE Physics papers 2P
and 2PR.
momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v
force =
change in momentum
F!
# mv " mu $
time taken t
moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT
6. Magnetism and electromagnetism
relationship between input and output voltages for a transformer

input (primary) voltage primary turns
=
output (secondary) voltage secondary turns
input power = output power Vp Ip = Vs Is

for 100% efficiency
8. Astrophysics
change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy ! " !0 $! v

= # #
reference wavelength speed of light !0 !0 c
END OF EQUATION LIST
4 P71956A

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Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.

1 This question is about the electromagnetic spectrum.

all electromagnetic waves are longitudinal X

all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space V

all electromagnetic waves transfer energy -

all electromagnetic waves can cause cancer X

(i) Give one use and one harmful effect of microwaves.

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

(Source: © Dima Zel/Shutterstock)

Which of these also orbits the Earth?

(i) The orbital radius of the ISS is 6.8 × 103 km.

orbital speed = ......................................... ................ . . . . . km / s

I orbits tokes 99 min

nos. of orbits for a

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

Frog mass ->

(i) State the formula linking gravitational potential energy, mass,

gravitational field strength (g) and height.

(ii) Calculate the height the load is lifted.

work done = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

Diagram 1 shows the lifting force acting on the load as it is lifted.

Ignore the effects of air resistance.

(i) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.

useful energy output

useful energy output

wasted output = 11-5 . 2= 7 85 .

(iii) Diagram 2 is an incomplete Sankey diagram. -

(Total for Question 3 = 15 marks)

(a) Which of these substances is not attracted to a bar magnet?

(b) Diagram 1 shows a bar magnet.

(c) Some bar magnets are made of steel.

magnetisim for long period

(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

X because wavefort become wider/further apart

(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

(a) The student has access to this equipment

• ammeter and voltmeter

graph will have shape

X 1202 Resistor has lower

Resistor has half the line

(Total for Question 6 = 14 marks)

A sample of protactinium-234 has an initial activity of 800 units.

(i) Give a suitable unit for activity. <end) 6 .

The incomplete nuclear equation shows this process.

Complete the nuclear equation to show the beta decay of protactinium-234.

This is the suggested method.

Step 2 place a source of protactinium-231 at a fixed distance of 3 cm from the

Step 4 place a sheet of paper between the source and detector

Material between source and detector Count

(i) Which of these is the dependent variable in the investigation?

C material between source and detector

D time the count is measured

Describe how the student’s method should be modified to allow for

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

adiation counts from resulte