Practice school

Assignment No:05

Aim- Survey report on a disease / disorder

1..Tuberculosis

A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs. Most
common maternal infections (eg, UTIs, skin and respiratory tract infections) are
usually not serious problems during pregnancy. Maternal infections that can damage
the fetus include cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex virus infection, rubella,
toxoplasmosis, hepatitis B, and syphilis. (TB) is caused by a bacterium
called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Identification test- Tuberculin test, Mantoux test, Perquit test, Heap test
Vaccine :- Bacille calmette Guerin(BCG)
Drug:- Isoniazide, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

1. Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a rare disorder in which the blood doesn't clot in the typical way
because it doesn't have enough blood- clotting proteins (clotting factors). If you have
hemophilia, you might bleed for a longer time after an injury than you would if your
blood clotted properly.
Identification test- Ducrey test
Vaccine - Hib vaccine ( pentacel and vaxelis )
Drug – hemgenix, Hemlibra

2. Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium
diphtheriae that make a toxin. It is the toxin that can cause people to get very sick.
Identification test- ELEK’s test, Schick test
Vaccine - 5 dose of DTap and Tdap
Drug – Erythromycin, Penicillin, Diphtheria antitoxin

3. Pneumonia
Viruses that infect your lungs and airways can cause pneumonia. The flu (influenza
virus) and the comrnon cold (rhinovirus) are the most common causes of viral
pneumonia in adults. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of
viral pneumonia in young children.
Identification test- Cold haemagglutination test
Vaccine- Prevnar -20
Drug- xenleta ( lefamulin ), macrolide antibiotic

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4. Typhoid
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting
many organs. Without prompt treatment. it can cause serious complications and can
be fatal. It's caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi.
Identification test- Widal test
Vaccine:- typbar(TCV)
Drug - ciprofloxacin ,levoflaxin , Azithromycin

5. Syphilis
A bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact that starts as a painless sore.
Syphilis develops in stages and symptoms vary with each stage. Symptoms of syphilis
are fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat,headaches.
Identification test- VDRL test, Kahn's flocculation test Wasserman test, RPR (Rapid
Plasma Reagin) test
Drug - penicillin ,benzathine penicillin G

6. Influenza
Influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae. This family
represents enveloped viruses the genome of which consists of segmented negative-
sense single-strand RNA segments.
Identification test- Radial Immunodiffusion test
Vaccine- fluzone high dose quadrivalent flu vaccine , flublok quadrivantel
recombinant flu vaccine, fluad quadrivalent flu vaccine
Drug- Baloxavir marboxi , generic oseltamivir and tamiflu ( pill or suspension)x

7. Anthrax
Anthrax is caused by a spore-forming bacterium. It mainly affects animals. Humans
can become infected through contact with an infected animal or by inhaling spores.
Identification test- Ascoli test
Vaccine - Biothrax - anthrax vaccine adsorbed
Drug - Anthim ( ciprofloxacin, doxycycline)

8. Rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands
and feet.
In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system attacks its own tissue, including
joints. In severe cases, it attacks internal organs.
Identification test- Rose waller test
Drug - olokizumab , rituximab , Abatacept , adalimumab,Anakinra

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9. Leprocy
A chronic, curable infectious disease mainly causing skin lesions and nerve damage.
Leprosy is caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly
affects the skin, eyes, nose and peripheral nerves.
Identification test- Lepromine test, Skin smear test
Vaccine - BCG vaccine, Two leprosy vaccine Candidate - MIP in India (82) , lepvax (66)
Drug - rifampicin, clofazimine , dapsone

10. Typhus fever

Typhus fevers are a group of diseases caused by bacteria that are spread to humans
by fleas, lice, and chiggers. Typhus fevers include scrub typhus, murine typhus, and
epidemic typhus. Chiggers spread scrub typhus, fleas spread murine typhus, and
body lice spread epidemic typhus.
Identification test- Well Felix test, Agglutination test
Vaccine- Typhoid conjugate vaccine ( TCV ) , Ty21a ( a live oral vaccine ) , vi capsular
polysaccharide vaccine ( ViPS )
Drug - ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin

11. Brucellosis
An infection spread from animals to people, mostly by unpasteurised dairy products.
Symptoms may include joint and muscle pain, fever, weight loss and fatigue. Some
people develop stomach pain and cough
Identification test- Coomb’s test, Tube test
Vaccine - Brucella abortus strain 19 , Brucella mellitensis strain Rev .1
Drug - doxycycline , rifampicin

12. AIDS
HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight infections. The virus
can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids.
Within a few weeks of HIV infection, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and
fatigue can occur.
Identification test- ELISA, Western blot test (Confirmatory), Fujirebio agglutination
(SERDIO), Karpas test
Drug - cabotegravir , antiretroviral therapy

13. Scarlet fever

A bacterial illness that develops in some people who have strep throat. Scarlet fever
is most common in children from five to fifteen years of age. Symptoms include a
bright-red rash that covers most of the body, a sore throat and a high fever. Scarlet
fever is treated with antibiotics.
Identification test- Dick test, Schultz test

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Drug - penicillin , Amoxicillin

14. Mononucleosis
Often called mono or kissing disease, an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus. Mono
(glandular fever) is transmitted by saliva. Symptoms include fatigue, fever, rash and
swollen glands. The elderly may not have typical symptoms. Treatment involves rest,
fluids and over-the-counter pain and fever-reducing medicines to ease symptoms.
Identification test- Paul bunnel test
Drug – dipyridamole

15. Lymphogranuloma inguinale

Granuloma inguinale is a rare, progressive infection of genital and perineal skin
caused by Klebsiella (formerly Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis. The disease is
characterized by slowly progressive skin lesions that are beefy red, raised, painless,
and often ulcerated; regional lymphadenopathy is uncommon. Diagnosis is by clinical
criteria and microscopy.
Identification test- FREI test
Drug - doxycycline , erythromycin

16. Rickettsia

Rickettsial disease encompasses a group of diseases caused by the microorganisms,

rickettsiae.
Rickettsiae are bacteria that can only survive inside cells. The organisms cause
disease by damaging blood vessels in various tissues and organs. In severe cases,
multiple tissues and organs are affected.
Identification test- well Felix test
Drug- Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol

17. Small Pox

Before smallpox was eradicated, it was a serious infectious disease caused by the
variola virus. It was contagious—meaning, it spread from one person to another.
People who had smallpox had a fever and a distinctive, progressive skin rash
Identification test- Quchterlony test
Drug- Brincidofovir,antiviral drugs

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18 . Streptococci group

A streptococci are bacteria commonly found in the throat and on the skin. The
vast majority of GAS infections are relatively mild illnesses, such as strep throat and
impetigo.

Identification test- lancefield test

Drug-

19 . Pregnancy test

Most common maternal infections (eg, UTIs, skin and respiratory tract infections) are
usually not serious problems during pregnancy. Maternal infections that can damage the
fetus include cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex virus infection, rubella,
toxoplasmosis, hepatitis B, and syphilis.

Identification tes- RIA

Drug- Antiemetics, Antacids,analgesic

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