BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SHASHWAT SHEKHAR SINGH is a bonafide student of class XI A3 of

Rani Laxmi Bai Memorial School ,Vikas Nagar ,Lucknow in the session 2023 - 2024.

Principal's Sign
ExternalExaminer's Sign
InternalExaminer's Sign
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

IhavetakeneffortsinPHYSICSproject.However,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthekind
support and help of many individuals and organisations. I would like to extend my
sincerethankstoallofthem.

Iamhighlyinindebtedtooursubjectteacher for his guidance and

constantsupervisionaswellasforprovidingnecessaryinformationregardingtheproject&alsoforh
issupportincompletingtheproject.
IwouldliketoexpressmyspecialgratitudeandthankstoourPrincipalMrs.NeelamShuklaMa'amfor
givingmesuchawonderfulopportunity.
Mythanksandappreciationalsogotomyparentsandfriendsfortheirkindcooperationandencouragem
entwhichhelpedmeincompletionofthisproject.
 RANILAXMIBAIMEMORIALSCHOOLSEC
TOR 6 VIKAS NAGAR,
LUCKNOWSESSION:2023-2024
PHYSICSPROJECTO
N
PROJECTILEMOTION

MADEBY:-
NAME-SANCHITKUMAR
BOARDROLLNUMBER
 OBJECTIVE

Tostudyrangeandheightofprojectile.
 INDEX
● Objective
● Theory
● Importance
● InReallife
● Range
● Height
● Factorinfluencing
● Factoreffecting
● Conclusion
● Bibliography
 Conditionforthemaximumhorizontalrange
Thehorizontalrangeisgivenby
R=u²sin2A°/g
Clearly,Rwillbemaximumwhen
sin2A°=1=90°2A°=9
0°orA°=45°
Thusthehorizontalrangeofaprojectileismaximumwhenitisprojectedatanangleof45°withthehoriz
ontal.
Themaximumhorizontalrangeisgivenby
R=u²sin90°/2gR=U²/
g
FACTORSAFFECTINGPROJECTILEMOTION
● GRAVITY
● AIRRESISTANCE
● SPEEDOFRELEASE
● ANGELOFRELEASE
● HEIGHTOFRELEASE
● SPIN
Howisprojectilemotioninreallife
● A cannonball travels in a curved path as it is fired from
thecannon,notinastraightline.Thisisduetotheangleatwhichtheshotis
fired which allows the ball to move both vertically and
horizontallyatonce.
● Ajavelinthrowerdirectsthejavelin'ssharpedgeintheairataspecific angle
during practice.Both the horizontal and verticalcomponents of the
javelin'e initial velocity are present.The
javelinmovesforwardhorizontallyastheverticalvelocityapproacheszero
orwhenthemaximumheightisreached.
 THEORY
● Whatisprojectile?
Aprojectileisanobjectthatispropelledbytheapplicationofanexternalforce and
then moves freely under the influence of gravity and airresistance.
Aprojectileisanobjectuponwhichtheonlyforceactingisgravity.
 FactorsInfluencingProjectileTrajectory
1. Trajectoryshapedependentonangleofprojectioninabsenceofair
resistance.
2. Ifangleperfectlyvertical,trajectoryalsovertical.
3. Ifangleoblique,trajectoryisparabolic.

4. Ifanglehorizontal,trajectoryishalfparabolic.
Trajectoryformulaisgivenby:
y=xtanØ-g/2u²cos²∅×x²
Where,
yisthehorizontalcomponent.x
is the vertical
component.g=gravityvalue.
v=initialvelocity
∅=angleofinclinationoftheinitialvelocityfromhorizontalaxis.
RANGEOFPROJECTILE
1. Thedisplacementinhorizontaldirectionistheprojectile'srange.
2. Becausegravityonlyactsvertically,thereisnoaccelerationinthisdirec
tion.
3. Therangeoftheprojectile,likethetimeofflightandmaximumheightisdete
rminedbytheinitialspeed.
 HORIZONTALRANGE

Itisthehorizontaldistancecoveredbytheprojectileduringitstimeofflight.Itiseq
ualtoOA=R.Thus,
R=Horizontalvelocity×timeofflight=u×TR
=u(2h/g)½
 IMPORTANCEOFPROJECTILEMOTION
Understandingprojectilemotionisimportanttomanyengineeringdesigns.Any
engineered design that includes a projectile, an object in motion closeto
the Earth's surface subject to Gravitational acceleration, requires
anunderstandingofthephysicsinvolvedinprojectilemotion
 HEIGHTOFPROJECTILE
Itisthemaximumverticaldistanceattainedbytheprojectileabovethehorizontal
planeofprojection.Itisdenotedbyh.
AtthehighestpointA,verticalcomponentofvelocity=0v²-
u²=2aS
O²-(u sinO)²=2(-
g)hh=u²sin²O/2g
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, projectiles travel with a parabolic trajectory due to the

factthatdownward force of gravity accelerates them downward from
theirotherwise straight-line ,gravity-free trajectory. This downward force
andacceleration results in a downward displacement from the position
that
theobjectwouldbeiftherewerenogravity.Theforceofgravitydoesnotaffectthe
horizontal component of motion; a projectile maintains a
constanthorizontalvelocitysincetherearenohorizontalforcesactinguponit.