A PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Mechanical Engineering )

SUBMITTED TO

New Horizon Institute of Technology & Management

SUBMITTED BY
Name of Student(s) Roll No.
01
Adit Chaughule 02
Kunal Gurav 03
Darshan Jain 04
Faisal Mungi

SUPERVISED BY
Mr. Umesh Solase
Assistant Professor

November 2020

New Horizon Education Society’s

New Horizon Institute of Technology & Management

Kavesar,Kasar vadavli Thane (w)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to HOD-Dept. of Mechanical engineering Mr.
Satish Silaskar for his generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I express my sincere gratitude to P r o f . U m e s h S o l a s e Department of Mechanical Engineering New

Horizon Institute of Technology & management for his stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and
supervision throughout the course of present work.

I am extremely thankful to Prof. Umesh Solase New Horizon Institute of Technology & management for
providing me infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

Signature(s) of Students
Roll no.
 CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.E Mini Project Report entitled “BIO
PLASTIC” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor and submitted to
the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, New Horizon Institute of Technology & managements an authentic
record of my own work carried out during a period from July 2020 to November 2020 ( 3 rd
semester) under the supervision of Mr. Umesh Solase , ME Department.

The matter presented in this Project Report has not been submitted by me for the award
of any other degree elsewhere.

Signature of Student (S)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the student(s) is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Signature of Supervisor(s) HOD

Name & Designation Mechanical Department
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR. NO. NAME OF PARTICULARS PAGE

NO.
1 INTRODUCTION
2 PROBLEM DEFINATION
3 SCOPE & OBJECTIVE
4 LITERATURE REVIEW
5 METHODOLOGY
6 PART LIST
7 APPROXIMATE COST

8 EXPECTED OUTCOME
9 REFERENCES

SR. NO. NAME OF DIAGRAMS PAGE

NO.
1 PERT ANALYSIS
2 HISTOGRAM
3 GANTT CHART
1) INTRODUCTION
Plastics play a vital role today on both industries and household appliances.
During the manufacturing of plastic bags, the emission of carbon and many other dangerous
gases causes environmental concerns
The drawback of this plastic is in its non degradability. Over 1000 million tons of p lastic were
predisposed of as unwanted elements and they might take several hundreds of year to decay.
Development of new biodegradable plastic results in improvement of soil and product quality.
Reduction of greenhouse gas emission saving fossil fuels. Reduction in carbon footprints

2) PROBLEM DEFINITION
Uncollected plastic waste eventually ends up in the natural environment — in our seas and
oceans or piling up on our lands. By 2050, the amount of plastic in seas and oceans across the
world will weigh more than the fishes

3) SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

SCOPE
1.Elimination of waste management:
Our biodegradable plastics will break down naturally on land so removal and transportation of
the waste will no longer be needed. Costs of management for farmers/growers and the
environmental problems associated with landfills and incineration will be erradicated.
2. Development of new biodegradable plastics films with low carbon footprint impact:
Conventional agricultural plastic films have an enormous environmental impact in terms of CO₂
emissions during their life-cycle. We will significantly reduce this impact, since our
biodegradable polymers and additives will be made from renewable raw materials that are not
petro-based and do not compete in food markets.
3. Improvement of soil and product quality:
Conventional agricultural films present toxic components and contaminate the soil in a number
of ways. bioplastics will not only avoid these harmful components, they also will add value
through Oligo Elements and micro-perforation functionalities that contribute to agriculture and
help improve the health of the soil and the quality of the final product

OBJECTIVES
1.The general objective of this project is to demonstrate that sustainability and efficiency of
agricultural practices can be achieved by introducing an innovative, economically viable and
fully biodegradable plastic that eliminates waste completely.
2.Current existing semi-intensive and intensive farming practices require the use of large
quantities of mulching film and fruit protection bags (and clips to close them) since they help
prevent the growth of weeds, protect crops from insects, regulate soil and produce
temperature and retain water and nutrients.
3.Conventional non-degradable polymers after single-use become plastic waste, creating a
serious problem of waste management since it is time-consuming and expensive to
recycle. This plastic waste is usually abandoned, incinerated or taken to a landfill. These
practices have serious consequences for the environment. Therefore, governments and
farmers demand cost-efficient, environmentally responsible solutions.

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4) LITERATURE REVIEWS

New Horizon Institute of Technology & Management

Literature Reviews
Title of paper 1. Synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly
bioplastic from low - cost
plant resources
Authors Akshaya Krishnamurthy , Pavithra Amritkumar

Presented in(Name of A SPRINGER NATURE JOURNAL

Journal)

Year of presentation 25 July 2019

Concision Paper of
findings of

©New Horizon Institute Of Technology & Management, Thane

Title of paper 2. Corn and Rice Starch-Based Bio-Plastics as

Alternative Packaging Materials
Authors M. K. Marichelvam and Mohammad Asim
Presented in(Name of Fibers an Open Access Journal by MDPI
Journal)
Year of presentation 06January2019
Concision or findings of
Paper
Title of paper 3. Starch Based Bio-Plastics: The Future of
Sustainable Packaging
Authors Ravindra V. Gadhave, Abhijit Das, Prakash A. Mahanwar
Presented in(Name of Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry
Journal)
Year of presentation 10 MARCH 2018
Concision or findings of
Paper

©New Horizon Institute Of Technology & Management, Thane

6
5) METHODOLOGY

Planning and scheduling of the events which are sketched down is essential to carry the
project work in proper order with precision and completing it in allotted time.

Project started on
Project aimed to complete on

FIGURE 01: Flowchart of Sequence of Events

6
 Sequential flow of events as shown in chart is carried out for completion of the project.

I. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Thrust areas were studied and problems existed were marked out. With proper
survey, effects of problem identified were studied.

II. PROBLEMINTERPRETATION
Identified problem was further studied, understood, and need to solve the problem
was discussed.

III. LITERATUREREVIEW
Existing work done by research scholars was interpreted, various books related to
topic were studied and need of new design was initiated.

IV. NUMBER OF POSSIBLESOLUTION

Various different ways to design the solution, here to develop four-wheel steering
mechanism, were sketched out.

V. MODIFICATION INDESIGN
Aim was to prepare the best possible solution, thus sketched out designs were
modified by making proper and reasonable changes.

VI. DESIGN
Modified and finalized sketch of mechanism was designed, in Solidworks, designing
software.

VII. METHODOLOGY
Estimation of time required for the events to get complete, was done using PERT
analysis, and estimation was further represented by Histogram and Gantt chart.

VIII. FINALIZING THESOLUTION

Design was done by proper calculations, and analysis was carried out on ANSYS,
with satisfying results solution is to be analysed.

7
 IX. PROCUREMENT
Materials were selected by Weighted Point Method, and further process of
purchasing will be carried out by comparing rates, quality by visiting different
vendors, and cost will be estimated.

X. MANUFACTURING
By properly calculated dimensions, fabrication of complete project will be carried
out.

XI. TESTING
Manufactured model will be examined, to satisfy the purpose of project.

XII. INTERPRETATION OFRESULTS

Theoretical and practical results will be compared. Modifications and advantages
brought up in existing mechanism by this new mechanism will be highlighted.

XIII. PROJECTCONCLUSION
A proper conclusion will be drawn on basis of interpretation of results.

XIV. PUBLISHING OF PROJETWORK

Efforts will be undertaken to publish the work done in journals as well as
conferences, with Active participation in project competitions.

XV. REPORTWRITING
Complete work done will be compacted in form of Report.

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PERT ANALYSIS

MEAN = 114

VARIANCE = 9

Z = (MAX-MIN) / Variance

= (118-100)/3

=6

• Total number of days=170days

• Days required to complete project=157days
• PROBABLITY OF COMPLETION =95%

FIGURE 02: PERT ANALYSIS

• For mentioned events optimistic and pessimistic time was calculated in number of days,
mean time was calculated from both the days.
• Variance was solved for calculating probability of completion, which turned out to be
95%

10
 HISTOGRAM

FIGURE 03: HISTOGRAM

• A histogram is an accurate representation of the distribution of number of days

required to complete the corresponding events
• It is an estimate of a continuous variable (here days)
• Histogram gives a rough sense of density of underlying distribution of days required to
complete the following events
• At a glance, one can easily understand which events require more days and which
events require less.

11
GANTTCHART

FIGURE 04: GANTT CHART

• A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart which illustrates a project schedule

• Above Gantt chart shows distribution of days with events
• It lists the tasks to be performed on vertical axis and time required on horizontal axis
• Gantt charts illustrate the start & finish dates of the terminal elements & summary
elements of a project.

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6) Part List

The following amounts of each ingredient are needed to make the bioplastic:
• 10ml distilled water
• 0.5-1.5g glycerol
• 1.5g cornstarch
• 1ml of white vinegar
• 1-2 drops food coloring

7) Approximate Cost

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8) Expected outcome:

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission saving fossil fuels Possibility of using a local resource Reclamation
of by-product
bioplastics contribute towards improving the environmental impact of products in two ways:
Use of renewable resources for monomers production
reduces the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

Reduced carbon footprint.

• Savings in energy during production.
• Non-renewable sources are not consumed.
• Reduction of non-biodegradable waste, which pollutes the environment.
• No health-damaging additives are contained, like phthalates

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9) References

1. Verma R, Vinoda KS, Papireddy M, Gowda ANS (2016) Toxic pollutants from plastic waste -a

review. IntConf Solid Waste Management

2. Babu RP, Connor KO, Seeram R (2013) Current progress on bio -based polymers and their future

trends.

3. Khazir S, Shetty S (2014) Biobased polymers in the world. Life SciBiotechnol Pharma Res

3(2):35–43

4. Sharma, C., Manepalli, P.H., Thatte, A., Thomas, S., Kalarikkal, N. and Alavi, S.(2017)

Biodegradable Starch/PVOH/Laponite RD-Based Bionanocomposite FilmsCoated with Graphene

Oxide: Preparation and Performance Characterization forFood Packaging Applications. Colloid and

Polymer Science.

5. Averous, L., Fringant, C. and Moro, L. (2001) Starch-Based Biodegradable Materials

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