Ticket №5

1. Post-transfusion complications

ANS Some of the most common post-transfusion complications include: 1. Transfusion-

related acute lung injury (TRALI): This is a rare but serious complication that can occur
within 6 hours of transfusion. It causes rapid onset of shortness of breath, hypoxemia,
and pulmonary edema. 2. Hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR): HTR occurs when the
recipient's immune system attacks and destroys the transfused red blood cells.
Symptoms may include fever, chills, back pain, hypotension, hemoglobinuria, and acute
renal failure. 3. Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR): This is the most
common transfusion reaction, with signs and symptoms similar to an allergic reaction,
including fever, chills, headache, and nausea. 4. Anaphylactic reaction: This is a rare
but potentially life-threatening reaction to transfusion that can occur in individuals with
severe allergies to specific blood components. 5. Transfusion-associated circulatory
overload (TACO): TACO occurs when transfused blood products cause rapid fluid
overload leading to dyspnea, orthopnea, and pulmonary edema. 6. Infectious
complications: Transfusion can transmit infections such as bacterial, viral, or parasitic
diseases.

2. On the basis of what tests is the diagnosis of Werlhof disease made?

ANS Werlhof disease, also known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is

typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and
medical history. The following tests may be used to diagnose ITP: 1. Complete blood
count (CBC) to measure the number and size of blood cells, including platelets.2.
Peripheral blood smear to visualize the appearance of platelets and other blood cells.3.
Platelet-associated antibodies test to measure the presence of antibodies attached to
the patient's platelets. 4. Bone marrow biopsy to evaluate the production of platelets in
the bone marrow and rule out other possible causes of thrombocytopenia.5. Tests to
detect infections or other underlying conditions that may be associated with the
development of ITP. 6. Tests to assess the clotting function of the blood. 7. Blood type
and Rh factor testing to determine the patient's blood type prior to any potential
transfusions.
3. Implementation of a treatment plan for acute leukemia.

The treatment plan for acute leukemia depends on factors such as the type of leukemia,
the patient's age, general health, and the stage of the disease. Here are some common
approaches to treat acute leukemia: 1. Chemotherapy: This is usually the main
treatment for acute leukemia. It involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy may be administered in cycles, with periods of rest in between to allow
the body to recover. 2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to
kill cancer cells. It is usually used in combination with chemotherapy. 3. Stem cell
transplant: In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be an option. This involves
replacing damaged bone marrow cells with healthy stem cells from a donor. 4. Targeted
therapy: This is a newer form of treatment that specifically targets cancer cells. It works
by blocking specific proteins that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells.

.4 The situational task. The patient is 29 years old. Complaints: general weakness,
fatigue, palpitations and shortness of breath when walking, tinnitus. From the
anamnesis: she considers herself sick 5 years. Mensis: 6-7 days, every 28 days.
Hemogram: HB - 72g / l; er 3.1 * 10 12 / l; CPU 0.7; mp –250 * 10 9 / l; ret 10%; L -
5.2 * 10 9 / l; p / 6%; s / 64%; eos-5%; lim-18%; mon-7%; ESR-14mm / h Fecal
occult blood test benzidine test negative result. What is your diagnosis?

ANS Based on the patient's complaints and laboratory results, the likely diagnosis is
severe anemia, probably due to chronic blood loss. The fecal occult blood test was
negative, so the source of the bleeding may be elsewhere in the body, such as the
uterus or upper gastrointestinal tract. However, more diagnostic tests are needed to
confirm the source of the bleeding and to determine the underlying cause of the anemia.
It is also important to address the other symptoms, such as palpitations and shortness
of breath, which may be related to the anemia or other factors.