.

,
I-:NI ~~USTA I - t s~ I I L N ' OI I . - I ' I II N~ - I ~ . . K I U K
L)I.I'AKI
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
VATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVED
INVENTORY --NOMINATION FORM
FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES
I'
S E E INSTRUCTIONS I N HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS
., .
- TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS
. . :
NAME A
,

HISTORIC
A r l i n g t o n House . . ._
R
AND/OR COMMON
The R o b e r t E. Lee Memorial

STREET 81 NUMBER
A r l i n g t o n N a t i o n a l cemetery -NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
Arlington - VICINITY OF 10th
STATE CODE COUNTY CODE
Virpinia 51 Arlin~ton 013
CLASSIFICATION
CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE
-DISTRICT EPUBLIC -OCCUPIED _AGRICULTURE X-MUSEUM
-&UILDING(S) -PRIVATE Z~NOCCUPIED -COMMERCIAL XPARK
-STRUCTURE -BOTH ZWORK
i~PROGRESS -EDUCATIONAL -PRIVATE RESIDENCE
-SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE -ENTERTAINMENT -RELIGIOUS
-OBJECT -IN PROCESS X Y E S : RESTRICTED -GOVERNMENT -SCIENTIFIC
-BEING CONSIDERED -YES: UNRESTRICTED -INDUSTRIAL -TRANSPORTATION
-NO -MILITARY -OTHER

AGENCY
REGIONAL HEADOUARTERS: /If applicable)
N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l Region, N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c p
STREET & NUMBER

1100 Ohio Drive. S.W.

CITY. TOWN STATE
Washington - VICINITY OF D.C. 20242
LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION
COURTHOUSE
REG'STRY OF , A r l i n g t o n County Courthouse
STREET & NUMBER

CITY. TOWN STATE

Arlington Virginia

TITLE

H i s t o r i c American Buildings Survey

DATE --
1940 ~ F E D E R A L -STATE -COUNTY -LOCAL
DEPOSITORY FOR
SURVEY L i b r a r y of Congress
CITY. TOWN STATE

Wa-
0
D.C.
 DESCRIPTION
CONDITION CHECK O N E CHECK ONE
EXCELLENT -0ETERIORATED UNALTERED XORlGlNAL S I T E
_&ooo
-FAIR
-RUINS
-UNEXPOSED
XALTEREO

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL ( I F KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

-MOVED DATE

!
1
II
A r l i n g t o n House i s a Greek r e v i v a l s t r u c t u r e composed o f a l a r g e two-story c e n t r a l I
I
s e c t i o n f l a n k e d by two o n e - s t o r y wings. The l o n g a x i s o f t h e house r u n s n o r t h - !
s o u t h ; t h e f r o n t f a c a d e f a c e s Washington. D.C., t o t h e e a s t a c r o s s t h e Potomac
River. The house w a s b u i l t by George Washington P a r k e C u s t i s , f o s t e r s o n o f I
George Washington, o n a n 1100-acre t r a c t i n h e r i t e d from h i s f a t h e r , John Parke
Custis.

C o n s t r u c t i o n began i n 1803 o n t h e one-story n o r t h wing which, w i t h a matching

South wing c o n s t r u c t e d i n 1804, would frame t h e two-story c e n t r a l s e c t i o n com-
p l e t e d a b o u t 1817-18. It i s b e l i e v e d t h a t George H a d f i e l d , second a r c h i t e c t of
t h e C a p i t o l and d e s i g n e r o f t h e Washington C i t y H a l l , w a s a r c h i t e c t of A r l i n g t o n
House.

The house i s c o n s t r u c t e d o f l o c a l l y made b r i c k w i t h t h e e x t e r i o r s t u c c o e d and

s c r i b e d t o s i m u l a t e a s h l a r stonework. O r i g i n a l l y t h e rear (west) f a c a d e o f t h e
c e n t r a l s e c t i o n w a s n o t s t u c c o e d ; i t was s o t r e a t e d by t h e Army i n t h e l a t e 1 9 t h
c e n t u r y . Sometime b e f o r e t h e 1860s t h e s t u c c o was m a r b e l i z e d , a s shown i n 1864
C i v i l War photographs. It w a s a g a i n m a r b e l i z e d d u r i n g t h e 1967 and 1974 r e p a i n t -
i n g o f t h e house.

The most prominent f e a t u r e of t h e house i s t h e l a r g e (16' by 52') p o r t i c o a c r o s s

t h e c e n t r a l s e c t i o n , formed by e i g h t l a r g e s t u c c o e d and m a r b e l i z e d b r i c k Doric
columns s u p p o r t i n g a m a s s i v e pediment. Adding t o t h e i m p r e s s i o n o f g r a n d e u r a r e
t h e r e c e s s e d a r c h e d windows o n t h e f r o n t and s i d e s of t h e f l a n k i n g wings.

Centered under t h e p o r t i c o i s a l a r g e d o u b l e door opening on a c e n t r a l h a l l which

b i s e c t s t h e house and i s t e r m i n a t e d a t t h e r e a r w i t h a n o t h e r p a i r o f l a r g e d o u b t e
d o o r s . The c e n t r a l h a l l i s f l a n k e d by two l a r g e rooms. That on t h e n o r t h i s
d i v i d e d by t h r e e open a r c h e s s e p a r a t i n g t h e f a m i l y p a r l o r i n t h e f r o n t from t h e
d i n i n g room a t t h e r e a r . The room on t h e s o u t h , t h e "White P a r l o r , " was n o t com-
p l e t e d u n t i l 1855 u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n of t h e Lees. Among i t s o u t s t a n d i n g f e a t u r e s
a r e two matching m a n t e l p i e c e s carved w i t h a n oak l e a f d e s i g n and purchased f o r
t h e room by Lee.

The room a d j a c e n t t o t h e White P a r l o r i n t h e s o u t h wing w a s used as a formal

d i n i n g room and l a t e r as a p a i n t i n g s t u d i o f o r George Washington P a r k e C u s t i s .
Following h i s d e a t h i t was used a s a workroom and p a i n t i n g s t u d i o by M r s . Lee,
who c a l l e d i t h e r morning room. Immediately s o u t h of t h i s room a t t h e end of
t h e wing i s a s m a l l e r room used a s a n o f f i c e by G.W.P. C u s t i s and R.E. Lee. The
l a r g e d o u b l e c o n n e c t i n g d o o r s a r e surmounted by a f a n l i g h t . A d o o r on i t s west
w a l l g i v e s a c c e s s t o t h e west-facing c o n s e r v a t o r y and through i t t o t h e grounds.
Lacking a f i r e p l a c e , t h e o f f i c e was h e a t e d by a s t o v e . The c o n s e r v a t o r y , l o c a t e d
a l o n g t h e west e l e v a t i o n of t h e s o u t h wing a t ground l e v e l , i s a b o u t f o u r f e e t

(continued)
 SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE CHECK A N D JUSTIFY BELOW

PREHISTORIC -ARCHEOLOGY PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE RELIGION
-1400-1499 A R C H E O L O G Y HISTORIC --CONSERVATION -LAW -SCIENCE
1500-1599 AGRICULTURE -ECONOMICS -LI;TERATURE _SCULPTURE
-16001699 ARCHITECTURE
EDUCATION XMILITARY _SOCIAL'HUMANITARIAN
- 1 7 0 0 1 799 J R T ENGINEERING -MUSIC -THEATER
2 1 8 0 0 1 899 -COMMERCE -EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY -TRANSPORTATION
1 9 0 0 ~ COMMUNICATIONS -INDUSTRY -POLITICS/GOVERNMENT -OTHER ISPETICV'
_INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES 1803-61 BuILDER~ARCHITECT G~~~~~ uadfield

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

The p r i n c i p a l s i g n i f i c a n c e of Arlington House, a s defined by congressional l e g i s -

l a t i o n , l i e s i n i t s a s s o c i a t i o n with Robert E. Lee--hence i t s l e g i s l a t e d designation
"Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial." It i s a l s o s i g n i f i c a n t f o r i t s
p r i o r a s s o c i a t i o n with George Washington Parke C u s t i s , step-grandson and adopted
son of George Washington, and a s an outstanding example of e a r l y Greek r e v i v a l
architecture.

G.W.P. Custis i n h e r i t e d t h e 1100-acre e s t a t e from h i s f a t h e r , t h e only surviving

son of Martha Washington. LiketJohn Parke C u s t i s , G.W.P. Custis was r a i s e d a t
Mount Vernon, and he dedicated much of h i s l i f e t o perpetuating t h e memory of
George Washington. From c i r c u m s t a n t i a l evidence, i t appears t h a t he commissioned
George Hadfield, second a r c h i t e c t of t h e U.S. Capitol, t o design Arlington House.
According t o a r c h i t e c t u r a l h i s t o r i a n Ralph Hammett, t h i s was only t h e t h i r d repre-
s e n t a t i o n of the Greek r e v i v a l s t y l e i n t h e United S t a t e s .

Robert E. Lee, who was r e l a t e d t o C u s t i s ' s wife, was a frequent v i s i t o r to Arling-

ton from childhood u n t i l h i s marriage t o C u s t i s ' s only daughter, Mary, when he was
25 years old. For th&.next 3 0 years t h e Lees considered Arlington t h e i r home.
His U.S. Army c a r e e r would t a k e him and h i s family t o a l l p a r t s of t h e country,
b u t they returned t o Arlington whenever h i s Corps of Engineers d u t i e s permitted.
Lee was u s u a l l y a b l e t o spend a t l e a s t some of the winter months a t Arlington and
passed 25 Christmas holidays there. Mary Lee f r e q u e n t l y remained home with her
parents i n h i s absences, and s i x of t h e seven Lee c h i l d r e n were born a t Arlington.

I n the Lee bedroom on A p r i l 19, 1861, Lee made h i s f a t e f u l d e c i s i o n t o r e s i g n h i s

U.S. Army commission r a t h e r than take up arms a g a i n s t h i s n a t i v e s t a t e following
V i r g i n i a ' s secession from t h e Union. On A p r i l 22 he l e f t Arlington forever. His
wife and c h i l d r e n a l s o departed i n e a r l y May upon l e a r n i n g t h a t Federal troops
were about to occupy t h e a r e a .

During t h e war years many of t h e family possessions l e f t behind were l o s t o r

s t o l e n while the militarjr occupation of Arlington r e s u l t e d i n considerable damage
t o i t s woodland, described by a prewar English v i s i t o r a s "some of t h e f i n e s t
woods I have y e t seen i n America." Roads were c u t t o accommodate t h e flow of
s u p p l i e s and s o l d i e r s and s e v e r a l m i l i t a r y works were constructed on t h e e s t a t e t o
help p r o t e c t Arlington Heights.

(continued)
 Ralph Hammett. A r c h i t e c t u r e i n t h e United S t a t e s : A Survey of American S t y l e s
-
--
S i n c e 1776. New York: Wiley, 1976.
Murray H. N e l l i g a n . C u s t i s - m Mansion, The Robert E. Lee Memorial. National
P a r k S e r v i c e H i s t o r i c a l Handbook No. 6. Washington: N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e , 1962.
i

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
ACREAGE OF N O M I N A T E D PROPERTY 27.91
UTM REFEAENCES

131 2, 01 31 4 d 14 t310~517t1 1 0) 1 3 1 ~ ~ 0 1 1 ~1 94 ~
t 3d1 0 5 1 1 1 9 ~ ~

c
ZONE EASTING
u 1311191 71 01
VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION
izx.zd DM
ZONE EASTING NORTHING
1 3 1 1 1 9 1 8 1 4 1 d1413101516171d

The N a t i o n a l R e g i s t e r boundary encompasses a l l l a n d a d j a c e n t t o A r l i n g t o n House

under N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e j u r i s d i c t i o n . T h i s l a n d b o r d e r s t h e F o r t Myer M i l i -
t a r y R e s e r v a t i o n on t h e w e s t and i s e l s e w h e r e surrounded by A r l i n g t o n N a t i o n a l
Cemetery. S e e accompanying maps.

LIST ALL STATES A N D COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE -

FORM PREPARED BY
NAME i TITLE

Anna S e a g r a v e s , Ann Fuqua, N i c h o l a s Veloz

DATE
ORGAN1zAT1ON George Washington Memorial Parkway
N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l Region. N a t i o n a l P a r k & m i c e 1 11 5/80
STREET& NUMBER TELEPHONE

Turkev Run P a r k (703)557 -3635

CITY OR TOWN STATE

McLean, V i r o i n i a 771m

I CERTIFICATION OF NOMINATION ~ o ~pplicable--~ocumentation

t of e x i s t i n g
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER RECOMMENDATION National Register
YES- NO- NONE- property.
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE
I n cornpllance w l t h Ererutrve Order 11 5 9 3 1 hereby nomlnate thus properly t o the Nattonal Reg~ster,cerllfylng that the State
H~storicPreservation Officer has been allowed 9 0 days i n w h ~ c ht o present the norninat~ont o the State Review Board and t o
evaluate i t s significance. The evaluated level of s~gnificanceis National -State L o c a l .
FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE

TITLE DATE

FOR NPS USE ONLY

I HEREBY CERTIFYTHATTHIS PROPERTY I $ INCLUDED I N THE NATIONAL REGISTER

DATE
DIRECTOR. OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY A N D HISTORIC PRESERVATION
ATTEST' DATE
KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER

.
Forw No 10 300a
Aev 10 741
I,hllLU\1A1tSUtt'\Klhlt h l Ol I t 1 1 I L I t K I O K
N A T I O N A L PARK SERVICE
RECEIVED

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM --

C O N T I N U A T I O N SHEET 1 ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 2

lower t h a n t h e l e v e l of t h e a d j a c e n t rooms. I t h a s "glazed w a l l s " c o n s P s t i n g of

f o u r l a r g e arched windows on t h e west f a c a d e and windows and a g l a z e d door on t h e
south.

Along t h e west s i d e o f t h e c e n t r a l p o r t i o n and t h e n o r t h wing i s a s e r i e s of h a l l s ,

s e r v i c e a r e a s , and a p a n t r y . From t h i s a r e a t h e main s t a i r s and a r e a r s t a i r as-
cend t o t h e second f l o o r . A t t h e j u n c t u r e of t h e s e h a l l s and t h e main c e n t r a l
h a l l , a d j a c e n t t o t h e f o o t of t h e main s t a i r s , a r e t h r e e f r e s c o e s i n t h e a r e a
above t h e a r c h e s around t h e i n t e r s e c t i n g w a l l s . These h u n t i n g and o t h e r animal
s c e n e s a r e a t t r i b u t e d t o G.W.P. C u s t i s .

I n t h e n o r t h wing a l o n g t h e w e s t s i d e i s t h e p a n t r y and a s t a i r w a y t o t h e base-

ment. I n t h e n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r of t h e wing i s a schoolroom, which may have been
Mrs. L e e ' s room a s a c h i l d . Next t o i t on t h e e a s t f a c a d e i s t h e bedroom of h e r
p a r e n t s . Between t h i s bedroom and t h e f a m i l y p a r l o r i s a g u e s t room. The C u s t i s
bedroom and t h e g u e s t room a r e a c c e s s i b l e by a n i n n e r h a l l r u n n i n g from t h e
schoolroom t o t h e f a m i l y p a r l o r .

D i r e c t l y below t h e C u s t i s bedroom and a c c e s s i b l e by t h e p a n t r y s t a i r s i s a l a r g e

w i n t e r k i t c h e n w i t h a l a r g e c e n t r a l f i r e p l a c e . The f i r e p l a c e d i v i d e s t h e k i t c h e n
i n t o two a r e a s , w i t h t h e r e a r p o r t i o n b e i n g used as a l a u n d r y . Adjacent t o t h e
k i t c h e n and d i r e c t l y under t h e p a n t r y i s a l a r g e open c o r r i d o r p r o v i d i n g a c c e s s
t o t h e o u t s i d e t h r o u g h two d o o r s and t o a wine c e l l a r a d j a c e n t t o t h e k i t c h e n .

The main s t a i r c a s e i s t y p i c a l of t h o s e o f c l a s s i c r e v i v a l houses i n t h a t i t s

l o c a t i o n was de-emphasized by p l a c i n g i t s l i g h t l y o f f t h e c e n t r a l h a l l . The
second f l o o r t o which i t a s c e n d s a l s o h a s a c e n t r a l h a l l opening t o rooms on
e i t h e r s i d e . The Lee bedroom i s immediately a d j a c e n t t o t h e s t a i r s o n t h e s o u t h
s i d e ; a s m a l l d r e s s i n g room a d j o i n s i t o v e r t h e s t a i r s i n t h e s o u t h w e s t c o r n e r .
The s o u t h e a s t e r n room on t h e f l o o r i s a bedroom used by t h e Lee boys. The Lee
d a u g h t e r s occupied t h e two bedrooms o n t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e h a l l , c o n t a i n i n g
marble m a n t e l p i e c e s of a p l a i n d e s i g n . The younger g i r l s used a s m a l l c o n n e c t i n g
room a t t h e r e a r f o r d r e s s i n g and p l a y .

Many of t h e p r e s e n t A r l i n g t o n House f u r n i s h i n g s a r e o r i g i n a l t o o r h i s t o r i c a l l y
a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r o p e r t y d u r i n g i t s occupancy by t h e C u s t i s and Lee f a m i l i e s .
S i g n i f i c a n t items i n c l u d e f u r n i t u r e , p a i n t i n g s , c e r a m i c s , g l a s s w a r e , s i l v e r , books,
and t e x t i l e s i n u s e i n t h e house p r i o r t o 1861. Such o b j e c t s , i n d i v i d u a l l y iden-
t i f i e d i n t h e A r l i n g t o n House museum c a t a l o g , a r e c o n s i d e r e d i n t e g r a l t o t h e
p r o p e r t y f o r purposes a f t h e N a t i o n a l R e g i s t e r . The a c q u i s i t i o n of o r i g i n a l
f u r n i s h i n g s i s a n ongoing p r o j e c t and w i l l c o n t i n u e a s p i e c e s become a v a i l a b l e .

(continued)
Form N.i 10 300..
k e v 10 741

C
L N I I L U S I i \ 1 1 5 U k ~ \ K I M t h1 0 1 I l l 1 1 \ 1 1 KIOK FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
RECEIVED

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM -- DATE ENTERED

C O N T l N U A T I O N SHEET 2 ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 3

Two o u t b u i l d i n g s contemporary w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e main house l i e perpen-

d i c u l a r t o t h e l o n g a x i s o f t h e house o n t h e west n e a r t h e ends of t h e wings.
The n o r t h b u i l d i n g housed t h e summer k i t c h e n and c o n t a i n e d s l a v e q u a r t e r s ; i t
i s now adapted a s a s a l e s f a c i l i t y . The s o u t h b u i l d i n g , a storeroom, smoke room,
and s l a v e q u a r t e r s , h a s been h i s t o r i c a l l y r e f u r n i s h e d . Both b u i l d i n g s a r e b r i c k
on 40' by 20' s t o n e f o u n d a t i o n s and a r e s t u c c o e d i n rough t e x t u r e . The nonconnect-
i n g rooms i n each s t r u c t u r e a r e reached by t h r e e e v e n l y spaced d o o r s f a c i n g a
c e n t r a l c o u r t o r d r i v e . Windows a t t h e r e a r of each room e x c e p t t h e smoke room
p r o v i d e n a t u r a l l i g h t . P i l a s t e r s and a r c h e s d e c o r a t e t h e g a b l e ends of t h e two
buildings.

Two o t h e r s t r u c t u r e s on t h e p r o p e r t y p o s t d a t e 1861 and t h u s do n o t c o n t r i b u t e

t o i t s l e g i s l a t i v e l y d e f i n e d s i g n i f i c a n c e a s a memorial t o Robert E. Lee. Some
200 f e e t from t h e n o r t h end of t h e mansion i s a two-story b r i c k b u i l d i n g b u i l t
by t h e Army i n t h e 1880s as a p o t t i n g house f o r A r l i n g t o n N a t i o n a l Cemetery. It
measures 22' by 32' and i s topped by a hipped roof w i t h ornamented r i d g e l i n e
and s m a l l gabled v e n t s on each s i d e . B r i c k p i l a s t e r s a r e a t t h e c o r n e r s and
d i v i d e t h e two bays o n t h e s h o r t s i d e s and t h e t h r e e b a y s on t h e l o n g s i d e s ;
they s u p p o r t a b r i c k m o d i l l i o n c o r n i c e . Segmental a r c h e s cap t h e windows and
d o o r s . The b u i l d i n g c u r r e n t l y s e r v e s a s a s m a l l p a r k museum. J u s t n o r t h of
t h e n o r t h o u t b u i l d i n g d e s c r i b e d above i s a 1 9 ' by 21' rest room b u i l d i n g con-
s t r u c t e d by t h e Army i n 1925. I t s s t u c c o e d b r i c k e x t e r i o r and g a b l e d roof
w i t h w h i t e t r i m a r t i c u l a t i n g t h e pediment mimic t h e h i s t o r i c o u t b u i l d i n g s .

During t h e l i f e t i m e o f G.W.P. C u s t i s , a l a r g e p o r t i o n o f A r l i n g t o n w a s maintained

a s a gentleman's c o u n t r y e s t a t e . Most of i t s a c r e a g e comprised "The Park," a
v i r g i n woodland of a n c i e n t oaks and groves of w a l n u t , c h e s t n u t , and e l m t r e e s
e x t e n d i n g from t h e Georgetown and A l e x a n d r i a Road a l o n g t h e river t o t h e w e s t e r n
edge 6f t h e e s t a t e . Most o f t h i s l a n d i s now w i t h i n A r l i n g t o n N a t i o n a l Ceme-
t e r y and t h e George Washington Memorial Parkway. During t h e Lees' r e s i d e n c y ,
t h e c a r r i a g e d r i v e t o t h e mansion came up a l o n g t h e s o u t h and e a s t e r n edge of t h e
f l o w e r g a r d e n s o u t h o f t h e house and a c r o s s t h e f r o n t of t h e house. T h i s approach
from behind and b e s i d e t h e garden i s now m a i n t a i n e d by A r l i n g t o n N a t i o n a l Cemetery
and used a s a f o o t p a t h .
Forw Nn 10 3003
thew 10 741
I l t l 1 t J K l 1 t ItII I b I ~ K I O K
N A T I O N A L PARK S E R V l C t
RECEIVED
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED

C O N T I N U A T I O N SHEET 3 ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2

I n 1863 Congress l e v i e d a t a x on a l l c o n f i s c a t e d p r o p e r t i e s , i n c l u d i n g A r l i n g t o n ,
r e q u i r i n g t h a t owners p e r s o n a l l y a p p e a r t o make payment. A r e l a t i v e a t t e m p t e d t o
pay t h e A r l i n g t o n t a x e s f o r M r s . Lee, who was ill and behind C o n f e d e r a t e l i n e s ,
b u t payment was r e j e c t e d . A r l i n g t o n was p u t up f o r s a l e f o r non-payment of t a x e s
i n January 1864 and was purchased by t h e U.S. Government. I n May 1864 S e c r e t a r y
of War Edwin S t a n t o n o r d e r e d t h a t a n a t i o n a l cemetery be e s t a b l i s h e d a t A r l i n g t o n ,
and t h e f i r s t b u r i a l s took p l a c e t h a t month. The house became h e a d q u a r t e r s f o r
A r l i n g t o n N a t i o n a l Cemetery, c o n t i n u i n g i n t h a t u s e u n t i l t h e l a t e 1920s.

U n t i l 1924 no o f f i c i a l a c t i o n had been t a k e n t o r e s t o r e t h e house a s a memorial

t o Robert E. Lee. S t e p s had been t a k e n p r e v i o u s l y , however, t o p r o t e c t t h e
i n t e g r i t y of t h e grounds immediately s u r r o u n d i n g t h e house. The b u r i a l of
d i s t i n g u i s h e d g e n e r a l s on t h e f r o n t lawn had been h a l t e d and b u r i a l s around M r s .
Lee's f l o w e r g a r d e n had long s i n c e c e a s e d . I n 1928, f o l l o w i n g i t s a u t h o r i z a t i o n
by Congress a s a memorial t o Lee, t h e house began t o b e r e s t o r e d by t h e War De-
partment. I n 1933 t h e house and immediate grounds were t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e
N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e . By t h a t time some s t r u c t u r a l changes made s i n c e 1861 had
been r e v e r s e d and many rooms had been p a r t i a l l y f u r n i s h e d . S i n c e t h e n , f u r t h e r
s t r u c t u r a l changes based o n h i s t o r i c a l r e s e a r c h have been made, and many of t h e
o r i g i n a l f u r n i s h i n g s have been i d e n t i f i e d and a c q u i r e d .
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