CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

BACHELOR IN SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS (HONOURS)

GROUP REPORT

TITLE: CADASTRAL TRAVERSE SURVEY

GLS 459 BASIC CADASTRAL SURVEYING

PREPARED FOR: SIR AHMAD NORHISYAM BIN IDRIS

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 16 JULY 2021

GROUP : AP 220 2A

STUDENT’S NAME STUDENT ID

MUHAMMAD AMMAR HANIF BIN ARIF 2020495358

MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ IKHWAN BIN SOIB 2020836494

ALYA FARZANA BINTI MOHD AYUB 2020604906

NUR INTAN MARLISSA BINTI NAZRI 2020498856

NOR ARINA BINTI MOHD AZEMI 2020482972

 TABLE OF CONTENT
No. Content Page
1.0 Cadastral System in Malaysia
4
1.1 Historical Perspective
1.2 Department of Surveying & Mapping Malaysia (DSMM)
2.0 Datum for Cadastral Surveying
2.1 Types of Datum (Before and After 2009)
5-6
2.2 Tolerances of Datum Displacement (Before and After 2009)

3.0 Project Background

7-9
3.1 Aim and Objective
4.0 Methodology
4.1 Flowchart of Methodology
10-14
4.2 List of Methodology
5.0 Procedures and Recording the Cadastral Data
5.1 Differential Field Test
5.2 EDM Calibration 15-17
5.3 Solar Observation
5.4 Traversing Work
6.0 Results
6.1 Differential Field Test
6.2 EDM Calibration
18-28
6.3 Solar Observation
6.4 Traverse
6.5 Double Independent Checking (DIC)
7.0 Cadastral Output Data
7.1 Calculation Volume
29
7.2 Certified Plan
8.0 Conclusion
8.1 Summary
30-33
8.2 Individual Comments
9.0 References 35
10.0 Appendices 36-44

2
 LIST OF APPENDICES

SEC APPENDICES Page

I Certified Plan (PA 9956) 35

II Field Book of Recording Differential Field Test 36

III EDM Calibration Form 37

IV Solar Observation Form and Calculation 38

V Field Book of Recording Traversing Work Lot 54 39-41

VI Field Book of Recording Double Independent Checking 42-44

3
1.0 CADASTRAL SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Previously, before the existence of the Department of Surveying and Mapping of Malaysia
(DSMM), the Torrens system was implemented in the FMS from 1879 to 1890 and was mainly
based on the Torrens legislation in South Australia and Fiji. The new legislation of the National
Land Code (NLC) of Peninsular Malaysia in 1965, the Sabah Land Code of Sabah and the
Sarawak Land Code of Sarawak, both are manifested in the continuation of the country’s
political changes.

The promulgation of the National Land Code (NLC) aims to create a standardized land system
to replace the current land system. Before the adoption of the National Land Commission, two
distinct land ownership systems coexisted. The former British colonies of Penang and Malacca
keep the plan unique to the pre-war "Straits Settlements", that is, private execution. The deed is
the basis of land ownership, and the remaining nine Malayan states, on the other hand. On the
one hand, adopt a system based on the theory that private land rights can only be obtained
Clear authorization from the country. (Noordin, 2016)

1.2 DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING & MAPPING MALAYSIA (DSMM)

The Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSSM) is one of the earliest institutions in
Malaysia. Malaysia started surveying and mapping business in 1885 The Johor Bureau of
Investigation was established. Between 1885 and 1957, The National Department of Surveying
and Mapping was gradually established, one by one, and later Merged into one institution, as it
is now known. In 1965, the government approved Established "Malaysia National Bureau"
(National Bureau Mapping, Malaysia) Responsible for surveying, mapping, topography and
geodetic surveying activity. From today, the main role of DSSM is to operate the cadastral
Survey activities, carry out surveying and mapping activities, and provide basic surveying and
mapping Infrastructure, provision of spatial information, research and development, advice
Surveying and mapping government, survey discipline and as a center of excellence
References in the field of surveying and mapping ((JUPEM), 2021).

4
2.0 DATUM FOR CADASTRAL SURVEYING

A geodetic datum is an abstract coordinate system with a reference surface such as sea level
that serves to provide a known location to begin survey and create maps. In this way, datums
act similar to starting points when you give someone direction. Geodesists and surveyors use
datums to create starting or reference points for floodplain maps, property boundaries,
construction surveys, levee design, or other work requiring accurate coordinates that are
consistent with one another. In cadastral survey, datum is a line that consists of adopted or
proved bearing and the distance and it will become the reference line to start a survey job.
Datum can also be used to find fixed or permanent coordinates. Without a good condition of
datum, the surveyor will not achieve a good job or satisfaction. Then, there will occurs an
overlap and land encroachment between the lots. There are two main datums, they are known
as horizontal datum and vertical datum. Horizontal datum measure positions of latitude and
longitude on the surface of the earth, while vertical datums are used to measure land elevations
and water depths.

2.1 TYPES OF DATUM (BEFORE AND AFTER 2009)

Based on PUK2002, each cadastral measurement should be based on datum satisfactory

consisting of two old boundary marks that are contiguous and shown to be in a good position by
checking with direct measurement or by calculation and the need for azimuth solar observation
in accordance with DSMM. Next, the three old boundary marks where two of them are
contiguous and proved in a good position by checking with angle and distance measurement or
traverse with calculation. Then, the other type of datum in 2002 is any two old boundary marks
which proved in a good position by GPS observation according to DSMM requirements.
Therefore, after 2009, this regulation is no longer used and it was replaced by the new circular
that was stated in PUK2009. The new conditions in 2009 was introduce into PUK2009 where
each cadastral measure should be based to datum satisfactory consisting of Cadastral
Reference Mark (CRM) signs that placed as the following where the two boundary marks
measurement from NDCDB that was separated not less than 40 meter which that exact position
has proved with direct measurement or traverse and calculation together with astronomical
observation for azimuth or MyRTKnet observation or other than that is the two boundary marks
that contiguous from NDCDB that proved the position with third mark using measure angle and
distance or with traverse and it must place in exact position.

5
2.2 TOLERANCES OF DATUM DISPLACEMENT (BEFORE AND AFTER 2009)

As stated in PUK2002, the distance of line that will be used as a datum should be more than
30m and the allowable displacement for the line that is less than 40m, the tolerance for bearing
is 01” and distance is not to exceed 0.015 meter. For the line that is bigger than 40m, the
allowable tolerance for bearing is 30” and the distance is 0.006meter for each 20m, with the
maximum displacement 0.050m. Based on the standard procedure to determine the datum, for
the 1st class survey, the tolerance for interior angle is not more than 10”, while for 2nd class
survey, the measurement is not more than 20”. (PUK2002). Next, datum condition according to
circular no.5 and 6 in PUK2009, the line distance of the datum should exceed 30 meters and the
vector displacement limit is less than 0.050meter for urban or town and for new development
areas. For the rural area, the difference of vector displacement is 0.100meter. The tolerance for
interior angle between two lines should not be exceeded 10” as stated in accordance with
procedure 4.1.1 (iii) and there are no more 2nd class surveys in PUK2009 (JUPEM,
PERATURAN UKUR KADASTER 2009 BIL 6, 2009).

6
3.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Traverse survey is one of the most common methods that is used in surveying. It is a
measurement method that provides a series of stations from which positions or coordinates can
be obtained. Traverse also is a technique of a survey where the boundaries of the points are set
up or to be established. In surveying terms, a traverse is defined as the field operation of
measuring distances, bearing, and direction of lines and it will be connecting a series of points
at the site with the help of an instrument like Theodolite, Total Station, while the lengths are
measured by tape, chain or Electromagnetic (EDM). Traverse is very important in engineering,
cadastral and any construction works. There are two types of traverse, open traverse and
closed traverse. Usually, a traverse that never ends or returns at the starting points or ends at
an unknown point is known as an open traverse. Whereas a close traverse always starts and
ends at the same point and forms a polygon shape.

As a student that is majoring in surveying, we need to learn the principle and rules that were
stated by the Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) before conducting
traversing fieldwork. We can refer to Pekeliling KPUP Bil.3/2003, KPUP Bil.5/2009 and KPUP
Bil.6/2009 to know all the terms, datum sources, conducting traversing, the within tolerance,
recording the data, and etc.

In this practical, we have been assigned by our lecturer to execute re-survey work for a closed
loop traverse lot around Dewan Budisiswa, UiTM Shah Alam. Re-Survey is a term that is used
in Cadastral Surveying where it is carried out on a previously surveyed lot. There are many
reasons for re-survey, for example to upgrade the quality of previous surveys, to re-establish
position of missing boundary marks, to check whether the boundary marks are still on the
stations, to meet the requirement of DSMM’s Rules and Regulations. In this practical, we have
been provided a Certified Plan and we have to re-survey lot that have been set by our lecturer
based on the data that have been provided in Certified Plan. The actions that can probably exist
in resurvey work missing or out of position marks are to be replaced or refixed and a new
Certified Plan (CP) to be drawn in final work.

7
 Figure 1: Survey Area (Lot 54)

3.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The aim of our field practical project is to produce Certified Plan (CP). CP is the final product in
Cadastral Surveying which describes the actual position of the boundary on the land according
to format, media and scale that have been prescribed by DSMM. The CP must be provided
based on the approval coordinate value and area that is determined by Calculation Volume
(CV).

The objectives of doing this practical:

a. To carry out re-survey lot according to DSMM rules and regulations

b. To enhance our skills by hands-on experience with all instruments such as total station,
tripod and prism starting from setting up, leveling, centering, set bearing and observing.

c. To practise for datum verification and create baseline according DSMM rules and
regulations.

8
d. To practise on recording traverse data by using field book that follow the DSMM’s

e. To know how to read the reference data such as Certified Plan (CP).

f. To know how to calculate closure error (C-Correction), and bearing misclosure.

g. To know how to calculate the traverse adjustment, bowditch method, and linear
misclosure as stipulated in PUK 2002.

h. To perform double independent check (DIC) on hanging line to the lot adjacents.

i. To practise on recording data of the independent check according to DSMM practices.

j. To apply any procedures, format and calculations for preparing Calculation Volume (CV)
and Certified Plan (CP).

k. To expose on how to prepare a new Certified Plan on AutoCAD software by following all
the scale, size, format, and media.

9
4.0 METHODOLOGY

Figure 2: (4.1)Flowchart of Methodology

10
4.2 LIST OF METHODOLOGY

A. Reconnaissance and Marking Stations

● Reconnaissance is a process before starting a work where several actions need
to be done in this process. Before going to the site, we have been prepared by
our lecturer the certified plan hence we need to re-survey lot 54 based on the
data on certified plan as shown in Appendices I.
● In this process, we need to go to the site and examine the existing boundary
marks. By using the coordinates given by the lecturer, we started to search our
station in the area Dewan Budisiswa, UiTM Shah Alam. We inserted coordinates
in google maps and followed its directions.

Stn.1 3.06486516 101.50531 -2.644

Stn. 2 3.064729519 101.5053188 -2.644

Stn.3 3.06459103 101.5045836 -2.646

Stn.4 3.064868125 101.5044326 -2.647

Table 1: Coordinates for Each Stations

Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

Table 2: Our Existing Boundary Marks on Site

● Then, we check the number of stations included, the intervisibility of stations to

the other stations, and any obstacles that may be occured during observation. In
this case, we do not have to create new pegs since there are no obstacles
between our stations.

11
B. Differential Field Test
● Will be carried out before starting every survey work to check whether our
instruments are in good conditions or not.
● If the results come out of tolerance, then the instruments need to be done with
calibration
● The procedure of conducting Differential Field Test will be demonstrated in
Chapter 5.1 (Procedures and Recording Differential Field Test).

C. Datum Verification and Selecting Baseline

● In this process, we need to determine which line that can be used as the datum
to start the job. By referring from Certified Plan (PA99556) on Appendices I we
choose any line from our lot and verify either that baseline can be used as datum
or not.
● By following DSMMs’ practices, we observed the distance of the selected
baseline both face left and face right. The differences between distance on CP
and observed distance need to be recorded. Then, compare with the tolerance
for the line that is larger than 30m (>30m).
● Tolerance :
97.535 - 40 = 57.535
57.535 / 20 = 2.87675
2.87675 x 0.006 = 0.017
0.017 + 0.015 = 0.032
● Differences between observed distance and CP
97.537 - 97.435 = 0.002
● Hence, our baseline is within tolerance and acceptable for working order.

D. Traversing Work
● After datum verification, we can start the re-survey traversing the lot based on
baseline that have been generated earlier.
● The following steps are observing bearing, distances, recording field book,
computation for applying C-correction and bearing misclosure.
● The full procedures to conduct traversing will be demonstrated in Chapter 5.4
(Traversing Work)

12
E. Solar Observation
● Solar observation can be done on a datum line if no obstacles occur at station
2-1. Unfortunately, in this practical we did not manage to make any solar
observation at site. However, we managed to conduct solar observation at the
rooftop of the Faculty Applied Science.
● Solar observation is a technique to determine the true bearing or azimuth of
every survey line based on the sun's position. The appropriate time to do solar
observation is early morning and late evening but for Field Astronomy’s practical
we did in the morning from 8.00 a.m. until 10 a.m.
● True azimuth is needed to calculate meridian correction (M-Correction) where the
correction of orientation will apply in all traverse networks.
● The general procedures to conduct solar observation will be demonstrated in
Chapter 5.3 (Solar Observation).

F. Double Independent Checking with Adjacent Lots

● DIC is a measurement method to check the radiation, hanging, offset during
re-fixed or planting new boundary marks or direct measurements within the
traverse.
● DIC will be conducted in a not closed traverse or known as hanging line. Below,
we will demonstrate on how to conduct DIC based on recording and diagram on
Appendices VI.

Figure 3: Conducting DIC of hanging line with adjacent lots

13
● To conduct DIC on line 2-5, firstly set up a total station at station 2 and prisms at
station 1 and station 3.
● Set horizontal bearing on back bearing 2-1 and observe 2-3. Observe distance
FL and FR and record in field book.
● Then, one of the prisms should move and set up on station 5 and the other prism
is maintained on station 1. H-Set back bearing and observe the forward bearing
of line 2-5. Observe distance FL and FR and record in field book.
● Next, the prism would be moved to station 3 and the other prism would be
maintained at station 5. H-Set back bearing 00 00 10 and observe forward
bearing of line 2-5. Observe distance FL and FR and record in field book.
● Repeat the same step for hanging line 3-6, line 4-7, and line 1-8.
● The computation of data calculation would be explained in Chapter 6.5 (Double
Independent Checking).

G. Computation
After all field work have been done, all the data recorded will be computed and
traverse adjustment needs to be done by referring to PUK2002. The output of
this computation is Calculation Volume (CV) and Certified Plan (CP). All the
computation, calculation, and results are shown in next Chapter 6.0 (Results).
Specifically, the list of computation that will be done as follow:

a. Bearing Misclosure
b. Applied C-correction
c. Calculation of final bearing and final distance
d. Calculation for latitude and departure
e. Adjustment latitude and departure using Bowditch Method
f. Linear Misclosure and Traverse Precision
g. Determination of final coordinates
h. Calculation for area using Double Meridian Method (DMD)
i. Sketching complete traversing diagram and lot

14
5.0 PROCEDURES AND RECORDING THE CADASTRAL DATA

5.1 DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST

1) Before any work is started, a differential field test must be carried out.

2) The test is performed on a flat floor.

3) Establish stations A and B not less than 50 metres away.

4) Install EDM Tool at A and a prism in B. Distance measure A and B.

5) Measure Build C station, using the olime method, about the midway between Station A
and Station B.

6) Then move the EDM to station C to station A and station B to instal another prism.

7) CA station and CB station distance measurement.

8) The distance AB is compared to the total CB + CB distance.

9) The instrument is not to be used and should be sent for the EDM calibration test if the
allowable difference exceeds 10mm.

5.2 EDM CALIBRATION

a. BEFORE SESSION
1. Set up the total station at Pillar 1 and set up the prism at Pillar 2
2. Make sure that all the instruments are set up carefully and on the right station.

b. DURING SESSION
1. First, the distance from pillar 1 to pillar 2 is measured.
2. Record the distance that has been obtained.
3. Change the prism set up in column 2 to column 3.
4. Steps 2-3 are repeated, but from column 1 to column 3 this time.
5. Continue in the same way until Pillar 10 is reached.
6. Keep the pillar 10 prism and switch to pillar 2 Total station.
7. Then start by measuring the distance from column 2 to column 10.
8. Record the distance that has been obtained.
9. Switch the prism set up on column 10 to column 9.
10. Steps 7-8 repeating, but from column 2 to column 9 this time.

15
 11. Until column 3 ends, the same steps are repeated.

c. AFTER SESSION
1. Make sure all the data has been recorded.
2. Then , calculate the data and check it.
3. When the data is acceptable, they can proceed to the next step.

5.3 SOLAR OBSERVATION

1. Before starting the solar observation, set up the instrument on the station that can see the
sun (Station 4).

2. After setup, use station 1 as the RO for the observation.

3. Bearing of RO must be recorded in the field book.

4. Then,put the sun filter on the total station and start to sight it to the sun.

5. Aim the left position of the sun and prepare to take the data for face left.

6. Then , the horizontal angle, vertical angle and time must be recorded on the book.

7. Continue the observation by aiming the right position of the sun.

8. Booking it again for the right position.

9. Change the telescope to face right.

10. Sight the cross hair on the right position of the sun.

11. Booking the horizontal angle,vertical angle and time for face right.

12. Still on the face right, aim to the left position of the sun and record the data.

13. Lastly, turn the telescope to the R.O using the face right. The horizontal angle should be
about 180 degrees.

14. For the last, record the horizontal angle for RO.

16
5.4 TRAVERSING WORK

1. To start the traverse work, the base line must be done first.

2. Setup the instrument on station 2 and prism on station 1.

3. Measure the distance between the station for both face left and face right.

4. Then compare the distance with the one on the CP. If it is still on the tolerance, the traverse
work may continue.

5. To begin the traverse, start with backward bearing to station 1 while total station on station 2.

6. Record the horizontal angle, vertical and distance for backward.

7. After aiming to station 3 to take the forward bearing.

8. Then the data has been booked.

9. Change the telescope to face right and start over with backward bearing.

10. Recorded the data as well.

11. Start to take the forward bearing for the face right.

12. Recorded the horizontal angle, vertical and distance.

13. After proceeding the traverse to the next station until it back to station 1.

14. All the data must be recorded in the field book.

17
6.0 RESULTS
6.1 DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST (DFT)
Base on the data processing, as shown in Field Book data at Appendices II, the reading for
DFT as follows:

Table 3: Recording Differential Field Test

1. Calculation :
(C to B) + (C to A) = ( A to B)
● Total distance of separated distance (A to B) should within tolerances of total
differences of full distance observation (A to B)
● 30.133m + 27.058m = 57.191m
● Difference between (A to B) - [ (C to B) + (C to B)]
● 57.195m - 57.191m = 0.004m

2. Comment:
Since the difference between AB and distance CA and CB is 0.004m and within
tolerance as it is still not exceeding the limit 0.010m, therefore the total station that we
are going to use is in good condition and acceptable working order.

18
6.2 EDM CALIBRATION
Base on the data processing, a copy of EDM calibration form as shown in Appendices III, and
the data and calculation as follows:

Table 4: Recording EDM Calibration

1. Calculation of Constant Error, C:

● Total different (A - B) ÷No. of observation
● 0.126m ÷ 17
● 0.007m

2. Comment:
● Maximum allowable tolerance is 0.010m, so 0.007m is within the acceptable
constant error, thus, this instrument is in good condition and acceptable working
order. To be conclude, the instrument can be used and can be start of survey
work

19
 ● This instrument can only be used for 6 months only. After 6 months, repeat the
EDM calibration test again.
6.3 SOLAR OBSERVATION
In this observation, we did not manage to get solar observation at our site. But, each of us
managed to get 10 sets of solar observation on the rooftop of the Faculty of Applied Science
building. Therefore, we attached here one of the result data and calculation of solar observation
that have readings below than 10” as shown in Appendices IV.
SET 1:

Time Horizontal Vertical

R.O 120 00 00

8. 19 O+ 51 02 10 72 43 42

8. 20 +O 50 28 44 72 33 37

8.20 +O 230 28 24 287 37 33

8.21 O+ 231 01 15 287 46 37

MEAN R.O 299 59 46

8.20

MEAN TO SUN 50 45 08

MEAN TO R.O 119 59 53

SET 2:

Time Horizontal Vertical

R.O 120 00 00

8. 24 O+ 51 00 29 71 2934

8. 25 +O 50 26 40 71 21 12

8.26 +O 230 25 40 288 58 29

8.27 O+ 231 59 08 289 07 35

MEAN R.O 299 59 48

8.26

MEAN TO SUN 50 42 59

20
 MEAN TO R.O 119 59 54

Coord of Origin 55960.95 N Origin 21759.48 W

Coord of Station 11823.373 S Station 22109.820 W

Total Diff 67784.323 S Tot Diff 350.34 W

Tot Diff x 0.03256 00 36 47 Diff in Long= Diff x 0.03246 11.4”

Lat of Origin 03 30 49 N Diff in Long x Sine Lat 0.61”

Lat of Station 03 04 02 N Convergence 1”

Observation 1 Observation 2

Declination at (0)hr N/S 14 09 11 14 09 11

Diff 00 00 16 00 00 21

Declination at time N/S 14 09 27 14 09 32

Polar Distance 75 50 33 75 50 28

Latitude 03 04 02 03 04 02

Adjusted Vertical 17 29 05 18 46 22

Computation Azimuth 76 07 04 76 04 59

Obs Azimuth 50 45 08 50 42 59

Diff= Comp-Obsn 25 21 56 25 22 00

Means Obs R.O 119 59 53 119 59 54

True R.O 94 37 57 93 37 54

Convergence 1” 1”

Grid Brg R.O 94 37 58 94 37 54

Mean Grid Brg R.O 94 37 57

Table 5: Recording Solar Observation

21
 ● All the data recorded in Solar Observation Form as per Appendices IV. Then refer to
“Almanak Ukur Malaysia 2021” to accomplish the calculation and get the mean true
bearing of the R.O.
● Based on calculation and data above, the result in Mean Grid Bearing R.O section will
be used as our azimuth from solar for our traversing.
● From this bearing, we can find the M-Correction for each station.

6.4 TRAVERSE

For the traversing part, I will show all the data that has been collected during fieldwork and all
calculation, traverse adjustment, bowditch method, area determination, and developing
coordinate. Thus, this will include error elimination for C- correction. However, since we did not
manage for solar observation hence, there will be no error elimination for azimuth
(M-correction). The recording data in the field book as shown in Appendices V.

Table 6: Recording Traversing Work

1. Table 1 shows the data observation that we observe at the site.

2. After recording data in field book, we proceed with calculating of C-Correction
3. To calculate Bearing Misclosure by using this formula:

22
 Mean Bearing of Closed Bearing - Initial Bearing
4. The formula of C-Correction :
- Bearing Misclosure ÷ Number of Stations
5. To calculate C-correction of each station is:
Line 1-2 read as 90⁰ 11’ 29”
Line 1-2 should be read as 90⁰ 11’ 40”
Error for 4 stations 90 11 29 - 90 11 40 = -0⁰ 0’ 11”
C- Correction for each station -11” / 4 = + 2.75”

● The negative sign becomes positive because the initial bearing is larger than
closed bearing. So, we have to add value at each of the stations.

6. Hence, the calculation will turn out as belows:

Line Mean Bearing C- Correction Mean Bearing Final Bearing

(nearest 1”) that applied (nearest 10”)
with
C-Correction

3 176⁰ 19’ 07” C + 2.75” 176⁰ 19’ 10” 176⁰ 19’ 10”

4 259⁰ 22’ 53” C + 5.50” (2.75 X 2) 259⁰ 22’ 59” 259⁰ 23’ 00”

1 331⁰ 18’ 05” C + 8.25” (2.75 X 3) 331⁰ 18’ 13” 331⁰ 18’ 10”

2 90⁰ 11’ 29” C + 11.00” (2.75 X 4) 90⁰ 11’ 40” 90⁰ 11’ 40”
Table 7: Calculation and Results for applying C-Correction

7. To know whether our traverse is accepted within tolerance or not, we have to use the
bearing misclosure that we have calculated before.
● Since we got -11” for our bearing misclosure then it is accepted.
● This is because, according to Pekeliling KPUP Bil.3/2003 that bearing misclosure
is within tolerance if it’s under limit 1’15” for First Class Survey and that each
station must not exceed 10” .
● So, our traverse is accepted because we managed to get a tolerance of
2.75” and achieve a First Class Survey.

23
8. Vector Displacement

● Based on the table above, we can see that our difference of bearing and distance
from observation and certified plan is within tolerance and acceptable. It is
because the permissible boundary mark vector displacement limit is 0.050 meter
for urban areas. To conclude, all boundary marks for Lot 54 are all in good
position.

9. Traverse Adjustment.
● Next is Traverse Adjustment by using the Bowditch Method. Bowditch Method
was applied before regulation of 2009 as the new method is by using Least
Square Adjustment in E-Cadastral.
● However in this practical report, we use the Bowditch Method instead. Bowditch
Method is an adjustment that is proportional to line distances. It is applied to
adjust latitudes and departures of traverse.
10. The formula for calculation of latitude and departure is:
Latitude = (Distance of line 1-2) Cosine Bearing
Departure = (Distance of line 1-2) Sine Bearing
11. The formula for correction of latitude and departure
Correction of Latitude (line 1-2) = (△ Latitude ÷Total distances) × Length of line 1-2
Correction of Departure (line 1-2) = (△ Departure ÷Total distances)×Length of line 1-2
● To note:
+correction will be deduct as negative
-correction will be add as positive

24
12. Hence, the calculation will turns out as belows:

Line Final Bearing Final Latitude Departure Correction Correction

Distance (N/S) (E/W) Latitude Departure
(m)

2 90⁰ 11’ 40” 97.536m -0.331 97.535 -0.0021 0.0025

3 176⁰ 19’ 10” 15.033m -15.002 0.965 -0.0003 0.0004

4 259⁰ 23’ 00” 83.147m -15.319 -81.724 -0.0018 0.0022

1 331⁰ 18’ 10” 34.950m 30.657 -16.782 -0.0008 0.0009

TOTAL 230.666m 0.005 -0.006

DIFFERENT :
Table 8: Calculation and Results for Latitude and Departure

13. Calculation for Adjusted Latitude, Adjusted Departure and Final Coordinate

Line Adjusted Adjusted Coordinate Coordinate

Latitude (N/S) Departure (N/S) (E/W)
(E/W)

1 -12088.572 -21924.692

2 -0.333 97.538 -12088.905 -21827.154

3 -15.002 0.965 -12103.907 -21826.189

4 -15.321 -81.722 -12119.228 -21907.911

1 30.656 -16.781 -12088.572 -21924.692

TOTAL 0.000 0.000

DIFFERENT
Table 9: Calculation and Results for Adjusted Latitude, Adjusted Departure and
Final Coordinates

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14. Calculation for Linear Misclosure

= (∆ 𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑇𝑈𝐷𝐸)² + (∆ 𝐷𝐸𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇𝑈𝑅𝐸)²

= (0. 005)² + (− 0. 006)²

= 0.008

15. Calculation for Traverse Precision

= Total Distance ÷ (∆ 𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑇𝑈𝐷𝐸)² + (∆ 𝐷𝐸𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇𝑈𝑅𝐸)²

= 230.666 ÷ 0.007810249676
= 29533.75495
= 1 : 29534

● The traverse precision is accepted as it is within the tolerance as we got 1:29524 that
was set by Pekeliling KPUP Bil.3/2003 in No.39. It stated that Linear Misclosure must
not be less than 1: 8000 for all new measurements .

16. Determination of Area using Double Meridian Distance Method (DMD). The formula is:

2 X Lat :
For 1st bearing : Copy from Adjusted Lat / Dep
For 2nd bearing and the remaining : From first Adjusted Lat / Dep either add or
deduct with same line of Adjusted Lat / Dep and add or deduct with second
Adjusted Lat / Dep
● For example : -0.333 -0.333 -15.002 = -15.668
(2 X Lat) X Dep :
For each of line: (2 X Lat) X Adjusted Dep
Area:
| TOTAL OF (2 X LAT) X DEP / 2 |

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 Line Bearing Distance Adjusted Adjusted 2 X Lat (2 X Lat) X Dep
Latitude Departure
(N/S) (E/W)

2 90⁰ 11’ 40” 97.536m -0.333 97.538 -0.333 -32.480

3 176⁰ 19’ 10” 15.033m -15.002 0.965 -15.668 -15.120

4 259⁰ 23’ 00” 83.147m -15.321 -81.722 -45.991 3758.477

1 331⁰ 18’ 10” 34.950m 30.656 -16.781 -30.656 514.438

TOTAL: 0.000 0.000 4225.315

Table 10: Results for Determination of An Area

● Area
= | TOTAL OF (2 X LAT) X DEP / 2 |
= | 4225.315 / 2 |
= 2112.6575
= 2113m²

● From the old CP, the area of Lot 54 that was determined by previous surveyors was 2111
m².
● After re-survey work of Lot 54 has been done, the new size of area is 2113m²
● The tolerance will be :
2113m² - 2111m² = 2m²
2m² / 2111m² x 100% = 0.09%
● Hence, the survey area is within tolerance because the maximum limit of area
according to PUK2002 and PUK2009 is 5% for an area that is <40 hectare.

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6.5 DOUBLE INDEPENDENT CHECK
Based on the data processing, a copy of Independent Checking is shown in Appendices VI,
and the data and calculation as follows.

1. The formula and calculation for hanging line with adjacent lot
(Bearing for hanging line - 00⁰00’10”) + (Mean bearing of line traverse) - 360⁰
(if more than >360⁰)
● Example for station from 2 to 5:
a. Beari⁴ng for hanging line (2-5) : 264⁰49’10”
b. Mean bearing of line traverse (2-3): 176⁰19’07”
● (264⁰49’10” - 00⁰00’10”) + 176⁰19’07” = 441⁰08’07”
● 441⁰08’07” - 360⁰ = 81⁰08’07”
c. Repeat the same step for hanging line 3-6, 4-1, and 1-8

Station Bearing (nearest 10”) Distance (m) Notes

2-5 (81⁰08’10”) (41.980) Semak

3-6 (182⁰59’10”) (54.578) Semak

4-1 (170⁰30’40”) (41.006) Semak

1-8 (187⁰39’00”) (88.474) Semak

Table 11: Data Calculation for DIC

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7.0 CADASTRAL OUTPUT DATA
7.1 CALCULATION VOLUME

Calculation Volume (CV) is a report that shows the accuracy of observed data, the area of a lot,
and the coordinates of each boundary mark. It can also be used as a cadastral calculation
summary report. The CV's data and information are taken from the field book. All the errors that
must be eliminated using c-correction, m-correction, and traverse adjustment have been shown
in section 6.4 and the data will be generated into the CV for DSMM and CV for private licence
surveyor. Our Calculation Volume (CV) is attached to this report in a separate folder.

7.2 CERTIFIED PLAN

The Certified Plan (CP) is the final cadastral surveying result that depicts the actual boundary
ownership on the land (relatively) according to the DSMM/ JUPEM standard format, media, and
scale. Our Certified Plan (CP) is created in accordance with standards specification based on
the format that was established by the DSMM. Along with this report, the Certified Plan (CP) for
this project is attached in a separate folder.

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8.0 CONCLUSION
8.1 SUMMARY

Cadastral surveying is a branch of land surveying that deals with land ownership regulations
and the delineation of property lines. It entails interpreting and advising on border locations, land
ownership status, and property rights, limits, and interests, as well as recording such information
for use on plans, maps, and other documents. So, by completed the re-survey of land in our
practical accordance with the stipulated rules and regulations, we can gained our experienced in
conducted the re-survey process with the right way and get to know in more detail of the
instruments that we use during the re survey process.

Eventually, cadastral survey services are really important in establishing new property borders,
sub-division surveys, or surveys for due diligence and design. Identification surveys or Title
Re-establishment surveys are used to precisely determine boundaries and the position of any
improvements on them. However, all of it must follow the right rules and regulations. To ensure
that, based on “Peraturan Ukur Kadaster 2002” or known as PUK 2002, we have learned how to
conduct a resurvey, record data, determine the error of closure, and do numerous calculations in
accordance with PUK 2002, as well as how to prepare Calculation Volume and Certified Plan by
following the appropriate procedures, formats, and calculations.

It is possible to conclude that our practical project was acceptable because all the
measurements are under the tolerance which has been established. All of this is due to the fact
that all the process is within the acceptable tolerance. The difference between our computation
and the Differential Field Test (DFT) is only 4mm, which is within the permissible constant error
limit of 10mm, although the EDM calibration is likewise within the acceptable constant error limit
of 7mm from the 10mm limit. The solar observation likewise has a 4 second discrepancy, when
the limit is 10 seconds. Finally, the traverse calculation shows that this project qualifies as a
first-class survey because the bearing and linear misclosures are both within tolerance. The
area difference between our Certified Plan and the old Certified Plan is less than 0.09 percent
and it is within tolerance because the maximum limit of area according to PUK2002 and
PUK2009 is 5 percent. As a result, that shows that our re-survey work is acceptable.

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8.2 INDIVIDUAL COMMENTS

I. MUHAMMAD AMMAR HANIF BIN ARIF (2020495358)

Even though we are in new norms situations because of the spread pandemic covid-19. The
new norms has forced all people to not do the work face to face. No exception also to students
that need to study in open and distance learning (ODL). However, during this ODL, we as a
surveying student still have a chance to do our practical sessions for GLS459 which is Basic
Cadastral. These practical sessions are very important for us to understand more about basic
cadastral in a practical way and not only understand just a theory that has been taught in class
only. I also learned how to properly observe and record cadastral survey data in accordance
with DSMM procedure, rules, and regulations. This has made me understand the differences of
cadastral when it is more specific and needs to follow the rules and regulations that have been
determined. Then, I had to express my gratitude to all of my teammates. They are quite helpful
when we have issues on the site, since we can discuss the issues with one another and come
up with solutions. They excel at sharing, cooperating, and working as a team. As a result, we
are able to complete this work. Lastly, I am really thankful to my lecturer Sr Ahmad Norhisyam
bin Idris, our kind and helpful lecturer who demonstrates us in setting up the instruments, teach
us how to follow the proper traversing method, make an observation, and make a computation
until we understand.

II. MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ IKHWAN BIN SOIB (2020836494)

Even though we are in the middle of a pandemic, the study must keep going and that is why the
new norm has been produced. With the new norm of study, the method of study has been
changed as well. It has changed from face to face study where the student can go to class and
stay with new college life to ODL where we are staying at home while studying online. But we
are lucky to get a chance to go to the university and apply a hybrid style of study, where there
are few subjects that are still on ODL and some of them can be done by fieldwork. GLS 459
also included the subject that has fieldwork to do. With good teaching skills and tutoring, we can
succeed by the help of Sir Hisyam, our lecturer for this subject. Then, to all my teammates, I
had to express my gratitude. They are very helpful if we have problems on the site, as we can
discuss issues and find solutions. They work together, work together and work as a team. This

31
enables us to finish the work. I personally felt really thankful for the guidance of our lecturer ,Sr
Ahmad Norhisyam bin Idris,without him this work would not be possible.

III. ALYA FARZANA BINTI MOHD AYUB (2020604906)

First of all, what I have learned throughout this practical GLS459 survey work was how to
conduct a resurvey lot. For me, this is a very new experience and I am glad that I was able
to conduct the survey with my group mates even in this hard time. Other than that, I
managed to sharpen my skills when using the instruments especially on the setting up
instrument. My group mates were very helpful throughout the survey by assisting each other
whenever one needed help. I am grateful even COVID-19, but I still can perform these
survey work on a real site. Luckily, we are manage to done and accomplish survey lot even
at the first we actually hard to understand the practical well. I hope that I have fulfilled
almost all the objectives in this practical. Along with this report, I also gain more knowledge
and become more understanding of what I am doing. Cheer up to my members as they give
full responsibility and commitment to make all this done. Appreciation and thanks to my
lecturer of Basic Cadastral Surveying Sr. Ahmad Norhisyam for all the guidance to us and
teaching us very well along this semester. Next time, I hope that I can apply all this
knowledge and skills in the future perfectly.

IV. NUR INTAN MARLISSA BINTI NAZRI (2020498856)

In my opinion during these online classes, I have gained new knowledge and new experience
on this subject although I am struggling to grasp it. I just know what basic cadastral surveying is
about. My classmates are also really helpful after we are discussing with one another during our
study time. Our lecturer, Sr Ahmad Norhisyam who has explained the subject well and
successfully delivered it to us during the online class, also answered our questions patiently
during the online class. Last but not least, during this second semester, we are ready to meet
one another face to face just for a while because of this pandemic that is still not over but it does
not break my spirit to find out more during this subject. There also are some problems that my
group encountered while doing this practical, which is conducting the survey work with erratic
weather and we must follow all the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) strictly. Luckily, with
the guide that has been given in lecture notes from our lecture, Sr Ahmad Norhisyam, I manage
to complete my task for this practical lab.

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V. NOR ARINA BINTI MOHD AZEMI (2020482972)

By doing this practical, what I have learned is about conducting the survey work at the site
given. The most important thing to be learned by doing this survey work is about how to practice
DFT and EDM calibration for the instrument that we used on the survey site. From this we can
easily know that the EDM is still in a good condition or otherwise. I am also able to know how to
set up the survey instrument which is a total station and prism physically with the guidance from
our lecturer that really helped me in making the setting up instrument become more easier than
I thought. Although there are many advantages I gained through this practice, however there
are also a few challenges that we have to face. One of them is about the weather condition.
Either it is rainy or burning under the sun and it's actually giving a little distraction while we’re
doing our work. Humbly, I realize that I still have so many things to learn and to practice on a
survey site to become better than I am right now and I have to be more focused next time what
the lecturer taught and also focus while conducting the instrument. Big thanks to my teammates
that always give their best commitment in order to complete the task given from the lecturer. I
also would like to thank our lecturer, Sr Ahmad Norhisyam for making time for us to give his best
guidance on the site that make our task succeed.

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9.0 REFERENCES

1. DATO’ HAMID BIN ALI), D. (2003). PEKELILING KETUA PENGARAH UKUR DAN
PEMETAAN BIL. 3 TAHUN 2003. Retrieved February 2, 2021, from
Website:https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/da25f-6.-pe
k-3-2003. Pdf

2. DATO’ PROF. DR. ABDUL KADIR BIN TAIB, D. (2009). PEKELILING KETUA
PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 5 TAHUN 2009. Retrieved February
2, 2021, from
Website:https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/5b7e2pekkp
upbil52009.pdf

3. DATO’ PROF. DR. ABDUL KADIR BIN TAIB, D. (2009). PEKELILING KETUA
PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 5 TAHUN 2009. Retrieved February
2, 2021, from
Website:https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/cb282-kpup
-bil.-6-2009.pdf

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10.0 APPENDICES

APPENDICES I : CERTIFIED PLAN (PA 99556)

35
APPENDICES II : RECORDING FOR DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST

36
APPENDICES III : EDM CALIBRATION FORM

37
APPENDICES IV : SOLAR OBSERVATION FORM

38
APPENDICES V : TRAVERSING WORK LOT 54 (PAGE 12)

39
APPENDICES V : DIAGRAM OF TRAVERSING WORK LOT 54 (PAGE 13)

40
APPENDICES V : DIAGRAM OF TRAVERSING WORK LOT 54 (PAGE 14)

41
APPENDICES VI : DIC WITH ADJACENT LOTS (PAGE 15)

42
APPENDICES VI : DIC WITH ADJACENT LOTS (PAGE 16)

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APPENDICES VI : DIC WITH ADJACENT LOTS (PAGE 17)

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