PROFESSIONAL STANDARD

JB
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国机械行业标准

JB/T 1613-1993

Specification for Welding of Boiler Pressure Parts

锅炉受压元件焊接技术条件

Issued on June 01, 1993 Implemented on January 01, 1994

Approved by the Ministry of Machine-Building Industry of the People's
Republic of China
 Contents

1 Subject Contents and Application Scope ..........................................................................1

2 Normative References .....................................................................................................1
3 Welding Materials ...........................................................................................................2
4 Welders ...........................................................................................................................2
5 Pre-welding Preparation ..................................................................................................2
6 Welding Requirements.....................................................................................................7
7 Post-weld Heat Treatment................................................................................................7
8 Test Specimen .................................................................................................................9
9 Inspection and Acceptance ............................................................................................ 10
10 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................ 16
11 Marking and Quality Certificate................................................................................... 16

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 PROFESSIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国机械行业标准
JB/T 1613-1993

Specification for Welding of Boiler Pressure Parts

锅炉受压元件焊接技术条件

1 Subject Contents and Application Scope

This standard specifies the technical requirements for manufacturing the boiler pressure
parts with welding method and the requirements for inspection and acceptance.
This standard is applicable to the stationary hot water boilers as well as the stationary
steam boilers with rated steam pressure no larger than 13.7MPa and rated steam temperature
no larger than 540℃, and the steam boilers with subcritical pressure may also adopt this
standard.
The pressure parts in this standard still include the non-pressure parts fixed on the
pressure parts by welding method for the purpose of bearing loads.
The welding methods in this standard include gas welding, manual arc welding,
submerged arc welding, gas-shielded arc welding and electroslag welding. Where other
methods are used, the manufactory shall formulate the corresponding technical requirements
and inspection and acceptance requirements by making reference to this standard to make the
welding quality be not less than those specified in this standard.

2 Normative References

GB 150 "Steel Pressure Vessels"

GB 985 "Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Gas Welding, Manual Arc
Welding and Gas-shielded Arc Welding"
GB 986 "Basic Forms and Sizes of Submerged Arc Weld Grooves"
GB 3323 "Methods for Radiographic Inspection and Classification of Radiographs for
Fusion Welded Butt Joints in Steel"
ZBY 230 "Commonly Used Specification for A-mode Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Using
Pulse Echo Technique"
JB 1152 "Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Butt Welds in Boilers and Steel Pressure
Vessels"
JB 1612 "Technical Requirements for Boiler Hydraulic Pressure Test"
JB/T 1614 "Boiler Pressure Parts - Mechanical Test for Welded Joints"

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 JB/T 2636 "Boiler Pressure Parts-Metallographic Examination and Fracture Test for
Welded Joints"
JB 3144 "Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Fillet Welds in Large-caliber Tube Socket of
Boiler"
JB 3375 "Receiving Acceptance of Materials for Boiler Construction"
JB 4730 "Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels"
JB 4420 "Welding Procedure Qualification of Boilers"
DL/T 5048 "Technical Code for Erection and Acceptance of Electric Power
Construction-Ultrasonic Test Section"
GB 11345 "Method for Manual Ultrasonic Testing and Classification of Testing
Results for Ferritic Steel Welds"

3 Welding Materials

3.1 The welding materials (including electrodes, welding wire, welding flux and shielding
gas) used for welding the boiler pressure parts (hereinafter referred to as "pressure parts")
shall be selected according to the requirements of drawings or technological documents.
3.2 The welding materials must not be used until they are qualified through the receiving
acceptance that is carried out by the inspection department according to those specified in JB
3375.

4 Welders

4.1 The welders who are engaged in the welding of pressure parts must pass the
examination according to the "Rules for Examination of Welders for Welding Boilers and
Pressure Vessels" and obtain the welder certificate, and they also shall assume the welding
work of those products belonging to the qualified scope of examination only within the
validity period of the certificate.
4.2 The manufactory shall carry out welder technical training and examination in
combination with the specific conditions of the factory and the product object assumed by the
welders.

5 Pre-welding Preparation

5.1 When manufacturing or repairing the pressure parts by using welding method, the
welding procedure must not be used for the production until it is qualified through the
procedure qualification by the manufactory according to those specified in JB 4420.
When manufacturing the boiler drum of such steam boilers with rated steam pressure no
less than 9.81MPa, the mechanical property test in welding procedure qualification still shall
be added with the hot tension test.
The welding procedure qualification of other factories shall not be used for the welding

2
work of pressure parts of this factory.
5.2 The groove type, dimension and assembling gap of welded joints shall be in accordance
with those specified in the manufactory's technical documents and may also be made
reference to those specified in GB 985 and GB 986.
5.3 The main welds of those main pressure parts (the longitudinal welds and circumferential
welds of boiler drum, boiler shell, furnace, reversal chamber and header, and the splicing
welds of head, tube plate, furnace top and foot ring, etc.) shall adopt the full penetration butt
joints.
5.4 As for the steam boilers with rated steam pressure no less than 3.82MPa, the connection
of the centralized downcomer with the drum or head shall adopt the full penetration joint type,
and the full penetration of welds shall be ensured when welding.
5.5 As for the steam boilers with rated steam pressure no less than 9.82MPa, when
connecting the tube or tube joint with the boiler drum, header or tube, the full penetration
groove shall be opened in the tube end, boiler drum, header or pipeline (excluding the joints
of long tubes).
5.6 As for the hot water boilers and the steam boilers with rated steam pressure no larger
than 3.82MPa, when connecting the downcomer with the header, the full penetration groove
shall be opened in the tube end, boiler drum, header or pipeline, however, no groove may be
opened if the outside diameter of downcomer is less than or equal to 108mm and the
downcomer is adopted with plug-in structure.
5.7 The manufactured groove shall be regular, smooth and clean without rust scale and
residue. The groove and welding surface shall be cleared off the oil stain, iron rust and other
foreign bodies affecting the welding quality before welding, the cleaning scope may be in
accordance with the following values: about 10mm for manual arc welding, about 20mm for
submerged-arc welding, about 20mm for gas-shielded arc welding and about 40mm for
electroslag welding.
5.8 To prevent steel plates from cracking during gas cutting, the thick plates or high
strength steel plates shall be considered with preheating before gas cutting, the high strength
steel plates supplied at rolled state shall be considered with annealing treatment before gas
cutting, and the groove may be carried out with magnetic particle inspection if necessary.
5.9 The edge deviation (Figure 1) of the longitudinal welds of those cylindrical pressure
parts, like boiler drum, boiler shell or furnace and of the splicing welds of head (tube plate) or
foot ring are specified as follows:
a. The steel plates on both sides of the joint have equal nominal wall thickness.
As shown in Figure 1a, the center lines of steel plates shall be aligned, the edge deviation
△δ1 or △δ2 of steel plates shall be larger than 10% of the nominal wall thickness t of thick
plate or be larger than 3mm. Where the plate thickness is larger than 100mm, the edge
deviation △δ1 or △δ2 of steel plates shall not be larger than 6mm.
b. The steel plates on both sides of the joint have unequal nominal wall thickness.
As shown in Figure 1b, if the deviation △δ1 or △δ2 of any one edge of steel plates is
larger than 10% of the nominal wall thickness t of thick plate or is larger than 3mm (if edge
deviation of the thin plate with thickness larger than 100mm is larger than 6mm), the
exceeding part of plate after aligning the center lines on both sides shall be thinned by cutting
to make it parallel and level with the edge of thin plate (see Figure 1c), the cut inclined plane

3
shall be smooth, of which the slope shall not be larger than 1:4 (namely, the cut length shall
be at least 4 times of the cut thickness, the same below), and the width of weld may also be
included in the inclined plane if necessary.

a Equal wall thickness b Unequal wall thickness c Thinned wall thickness

Figure 1
5.10 The manufacturing deviation (Figure 2) of the cylindrical pressure parts, like furnace,
in the boiler drum and boiler shell are specified as follows:
a. The steel plates on both sides of the joint have equal nominal wall thickness.
The center lines of steel plates should be aligned. As shown in Figure 2a, it is also
allowed to align the steel plates at one edge. As shown in Figure 2b, the edge deviation △δ1
and △δ2 of the steel plates shall not be larger than 15% of the nominal wall thickness t of
steel plate plus 1mm or not be larger than 6mm, which shall not be larger than 10mm if the
plate thickness is larger than 100mm.
b. The steel plates on both sides of the joint have unequal nominal wall thickness.
As shown in Figure 2c, if the deviation △δ1 or △δ2 of any one edge of steel plates is
larger than 15% of the nominal wall thickness t of thin plate plus 1mm and is also larger than
6mm (if the edge deviation the thin plate with thickness larger than 100mm is larger than
10mm), then the exceeding part of plate shall be thinned by cutting to make it parallel and
level with the edge of thin plate. As shown in Figure 2d, it is also allowed to align one edge of
the steel plate and to thin another edge by cutting. As shown in Figure 2e, the cut inclined
plane shall be smooth, of which the slope shall not be larger than 1:4, and the width of weld
may also be included in the inclined plane if necessary.

a Equal wall thickness (with centers b Equal wall thickness (with one c Unequal wall thickness (without
aligned) edge aligned) thinning)

d Unequal wall thickness (with two edges thinned) e Unequal wall thickness (with one edge thinned)

Figure 2
5.11 The grooves of header, pipeline, tube or other pipe fittings shall be aligned and be
parallel and level as much as possible. Where the nominal outside diameter D and nominal
wall thickness t on both sides of the joint are equal, the edge deviation △δ (Figure 3) of

4
external surface shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 1; where △δ does not
meet the requirements of Table 1 or different nominal outside diameters cause △δ exceeding
the limit, the exceeding part shall be thinned by cutting according to Figure 2e, and the cut
inclined plane shall be smooth, of which the slope shall not be larger than 1:4, and the width
of weld may be included in the inclined plane if necessary.

Figure 3
Table 1
Pipeline, tube and other pipe fittings

Category of Hot water boilers, and steam boilers with Steam boilers with rated steam pressure
Header
pressure parts rated steam pressure less than 9.81MPa no less than 9.81MPa

D>108mm D≤108mm D>108mm D≤108mm

△δ≤0.1t+0.5 and △δ≤0.1t+0.5

△δ mm △δ≤0.1t+0.5 and ≤2 △δ≤0.1t+0.3 and ≤1 △δ≤0.1t+0.5and ≤1
≤4 and ≤4

5.12 If the edge deviation △δ (Figure 4) in the internal surface of the butt joint of header or
pipeline is larger than 10% of the nominal wall thickness t of pipeline or header plus 0.5mm
or is larger than 1mm, then the exceeding part shall be thinned by cutting to make it parallel
and level with the edge on the opposite side of joint, and the cut inclined plane shall be
smooth, of which the slope shall not be larger than 1:4.

Figure 4
5.13 When butting the tubes or other pipe fittings with the same nominal outside diameter
but different nominal wall thickness, if the wall thickness △δ (Figure 5) is larger than 1mm,
the internal surface of the thick walled tube shall be thinned by cutting to made it parallel and
level with the edge of thin walled tube, and the cut inclined plane shall be smooth, of which
the slop shall not be larger than 1:4.

5
 Figure 5
5.14 Before welding, the electrodes and welding flux shall be baked according to the
requirements, and the oil stain and iron rust on the welding wires shall be cleared off totally.
5.15 The weld preheating shall be carried out according to those specified in this standard
and in the manufactory's welding procedure specification.
In case the butt welds need to be carried out with weld preheating, the nominal wall
thickness t and the preheating temperature T may be referred to Table 2. The t value shall be
the smaller value between the nominal wall thickness of thin weldment and the weld
thickness.
Table 2
Steel grade Designation t(mm) T(℃)

Carbon steel Q235-A, 10, 20, 20g, 20G, St45.8, SB410, SB450, SB480 ≥90 80~150

12Mng, 16Mn, 16Mng, P355GH ≥32 80~150

25~75 50~100
Low-alloy SA106, SA299
>75 100~150
structural steel
20MmMo ≥15 100~150

13MnNiMoNbg, 13MnNiMo54 >10 100~150

12CrMo, 15CrMo, 20CrMo, 13CrMo44, 12Cr1MoV, 13CrMoV42, SA335P12 ≥15 100~150

Heat resistant 12CrMoWVTiB, 12Cr3MoVSiTIB, 10CrMo910, SA335P22 >6 200~250
steel Random
SA213T91, STBA24, STBA25, STBA26 200
thickness

5.16 When assembling, the requirements of positioned welding are as follows:

a. In principle, one same electrode used for welding this weldment shall be adopted;
b. The positioned welding, as one part of the weld, shall have the same quality
requirement as this weld;
c. As for the weldment requiring preheating, it also shall be preheated according to the
requirements during positioned welding.
When assembling the weldment of low-alloy high-strength nickel-chrome steel or
chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel, the positioned welding shall be avoided in the
groove and the assembling and fixing shall be achieved by using machinery clamps as much
as possible. When welding the tensioning plates used for assembling, the low-strength low
hydrogen electrodes may be used, however, they shall be preheated if necessary. After
dismantling the tensioning plates, the assembling welds left shall be leveled and polished and
may be carried out with magnetic particle inspection if necessary.
5.17 Except for the cold drawn welded joints specified in the design, the alignment by
strong force is disallowed when assembling the weldment.

6
5.18 The weldment shall not be welded until its assembling and positioned welding quality
is checked meeting the requirements of technological documents.
5.19 The welding equipments and testing instruments shall be inspected and calibrated
periodically and the unsuitable one shall not be used in the production.

6 Welding Requirements

6.1 The welding procedure specification used for welding the pressure parts or its
enforcement rules (like welding procedure card or welding operation card, etc.) shall be used
only within the qualified scope of the original qualification, and the major parameters or
additional major parameters used for welding, if their variations exceed the variation range
specified in the original qualification, shall be evaluated again.
6.2 When manufacturing or repairing the pressure parts, if the ambient temperature is less
than 0℃ and no preheating measure is available, then the welding shall not be carried out.
The welding in the open air is disallowed on rainy or snowy weather.
6.3 As for the steam boilers with rated steam pressure no less than 9.81MPa, the butt joints
of header, pipeline, tube or other pipe fittings, if adopted with manual arc welding, shall be
primed by adopting with argon arc welding or other welding methods that are able to ensure
full penetration; and the attachment welds of the tube joints on boiler drum or header shall be
primed by adopting with argon arc welding as much as possible.
6.4 When welding the tubes by manual arc welding or gas welding, generally, the
multilayer welding shall be adopted, and the joints of different welding layers shall be
staggered as much as possible.
6.5 No arc shall be started on the non-welding surface of weldment, the arc crater, if any,
shall be rubbed down or repaired by welding.
6.6 The arc starting plates, arc quenching plates or weldment at both ends of the
longitudinal weld of weldment shall be cut off after welding and should not be thumped off.
6.7 The steel seal of welder code (low-stress steel seal) must be pressed nearby the welds of
pressure parts.

7 Post-weld Heat Treatment

7.1 The post-weld heat treatment shall be carried out according to those specified in this
standard and in the manufactory's welding procedure specification.
The weldment with nominal wall thickness t exceeding those specified in Table 3 shall
be carried out with post-weld heat treatment.
Table 3 (Part)
Holding temperature ℃
t
Steel grade Designation Electric arc Electroslag welding and Holding time
mm
welding gas welding

Q235-A, 10, 20, 600~650 900~960 normalizing

Carbon steel >30
20g, 20G tempering 600~650 tempering

7
 0.04th but no less than
Low-alloy 12Mng, 16Mn, 550~600 900~930 normalizing
≥20 15min if t≤50mm
structural steel 16Mng tempering 550~600 tempering
(150+t)/100h if t>50mm

12CrMo
650~700 890~950 normalizing
15CrMo >10
tempering 600~680 tempering
20CrMo 0.04th but no less than
Heat resistant steel
12Cr1MoV 15min
700~740 980~1020 normalizing
10CrMo910 >6
tempering 700~740 tempering
SA335P22

Note: The drum of internally fired boiler or the T-shaped joint with wall thickness larger than 20mm must be carried out
with post-weld heat treatment.

7.2 The holding temperature and holding time of post-weld heat treatment may be referred
to Table 3.
If the carbon manganese steel weldments among the carbon steel and low alloy steel in
Table 3 can not be carried out with stress relief heat treatment according to the original
specified temperature, it is allowed to carry out the heat treatment at a temperature a little
lower than the specified value by prolonging the holding time, however, the minimum
temperature shall not be less than 555℃.
7.3 The post-weld heat treatment temperature for the welded joints of different steel grades
shall not exceed the lower critical point AC1 of material on any one side of the joint.
7.4 The steel having delayed cracking tendency after welding shall be timely carried out
with postheat dehydrogenation or post-weld heat treatment.
7.5 The non-pressure parts bearing loads on pressure parts shall be welded before the final
heat treatment of pressure parts as much as possible, and they may also be welded after the
final heat treatment if necessary, however, all the following conditions shall be met:
a. It is only applicable to the pressure parts with the carbon manganese steel among the
carbon steel and low-alloy structural steel listed in Table 3;
b. The non-pressure parts are connected with the pressure parts by fillet welds;
c. The calculated thickness of fillet weld is not larger than 10mm;
d. The welding shall be carried out according to the welding process that is qualified
through evaluation;
e. The fillet welds shall be carried out with 100% magnetic particle inspection or dye
penetrant inspection.
7.6 The post-weld heat treatment should adopt the overall heat treatment; if the conditions
do not permit or there is no need to carry out overall heat treatment, it is allowed to adopt the
segment or partial heat treatment, however, the heat treatment must comply with the
corresponding heat treatment technology. If the segment heat treatment is adopted, the heated
segments shall have a overlap portion of at least 1500mm and the portion extruding out of the
boiler shall have the heat insulation measures to reduce the temperature gradient. For the
partial heat treatment of circumferential welds, the heating width on both sides of the weld
respectively shall not be less than 3 times of the wall thickness of steel plate at the heat
treatment position.
7.7 The post-weld heat treatment shall be carried out before the hydraulic test but after
completing all the welding work or repair welding work, however, the condition specified in

8
7.4 is excluded.
7.8 During the process of post-weld heat treatment, all the parameters of the heat treatment
specification shall be recorded in details.

8 Test Specimen

8.1 To inspect the mechanical property and metallographic structure of the welded joints of
products, the test specimens for product inspection shall be welded (the plate specimen is
referred to as the test plate, hereinafter referred to as "test specimen" or "test plate") so as to
carry out the tensile test, cold bend test, necessary impact toughness test and metallographic
inspection.
8.2 Unless otherwise stated in the 8.3, the longitudinal and circumferential welds of each
boiler drum (boiler shell) shall be made with a piece of test plate. As for the steam boilers of
batch production and with rated steam pressure no larger than 1.6MPa as well as the hot water
boilers, under the condition of even quality, every 10 boiler drums (boiler shells) that are
allowed to be produced in one same batch (same designation, same welding materials and
same process) also shall be made with one test plate for longitudinal weld and one for
circumferential weld respectively.
Where the base metal and welding process of circumferential weld are same as the
longitudinal weld, only the test plate for longitudinal weld, excluding the one for
circumferential weld, shall be made. The test plate for longitudinal weld shall be welded as
the extending portion of product's longitudinal weld (excluding electroslag welding), and the
test plate for circumferential weld may be welded separately.
8.3 If the base metal of head, tube plate and furnace top is same as the boiler drum (boiler
shell), the splicing welds of head, tube plate and furnace top may not be made with test plates;
if not, the quantity of test plates shall be same as the drum body of boiler shell.
The steam boilers with rated steam pressure less than 0.1MPa and the hot water boilers
with rated outlet temperature less than 120℃ and rated thermal power no larger than 2.8MW
may not be made with the test specimens for product inspection.
8.4 If the material is carbon steel, the butt joints of the header with pipeline may not be
made with test specimens; if the material is alloy steel, under the conditions of the same
designation, same welding materials, same welding process, same heat treatment facilities and
specifications, each batch shall be made with (1% of the welded joints but at least one)
simulation test specimens.
8.5 If the material is carbon steel, the butt joints of tubes at the heating side may not be
made with test specimens (excluding resistance butt joints); if the material is alloy steel, under
the conditions of the same designation, same welding materials, same welding process, same
heat treatment facilities and specifications, 0.5% of the joint number but no less than the joint
number required by one set of samples shall be cut off from each batch of products as the test
specimens. In case it is indeed difficult to cut off test specimens directly from the product
joints, like the butt joints connecting the tube joints and tubes on boiler drum and header and
the butt joints of membrane-wall tubes, the simulation test specimens may be welded.
8.6 The test specimens of product shall be welded by the welder who welds this product, the

9
materials, welding materials, welding equipments and process conditions of the test
specimens shall be same as the product which they represent. The welded test specimens shall
be pressed with the welder code steel seal.
8.7 The quantity and dimension of test specimens shall meet the sample demand of product
inspection and reinspection.
8.8 As for the boilers with rated steam pressure no less than 3.82MPa, if the weldment is of
alloy steel, the attachment welds connecting the tubes on boiler drum or header shall be
divided into two kinds (one kind with wall thickness larger than 6mm and one with wall
thickness no larger than 6mm) according to different designations and the wall thickness of
tube joints, every 200 welds among each kind of tube joints shall be welded with one test
specimen (those welds less than 200 shall be regarded as 200), and the test specimen shall be
cut off along its center line to do the metallographic inspection.
8.9 As for the steam boilers with rated steam pressure no less than 3.82MPa, the butt joints
of those tubes at the heating side shall be carried out with fracture inspection, one among
every 200 joints shall be randomly inspected (those less than 200 shall be regarded as 200),
the butt joints priming by argon arc welding or argon arc welding and finishing by manual arc
welding or the butt joints that all pass the 100% radiographic inspection or ultrasonic
inspection may not be carried out with fracture inspection.
8.10 The test specimen (plate) shall be welded by the welder who welds the product
represented by this test specimen (plate) by adopting with the same materials (including base
metal and welding materials), same welding equipments and welding procedure specification
as the weldment, and the welded test specimen (plate) shall be pressed with the welder code
steel seal.
8.11 After the test specimen (plate) passes the appearance inspection and nondestructive
inspection, samples shall be prepared by cutting off from the qualified positions, and if
necessary, the welds on the test specimen (plate) shall be repaired by welding by adopting
with the repair welding process same as the product.
8.12 The heat treatment requirements, equipments and specification of the test specimens
shall be same as the product. As for the material that is able to reach the specified mechanical
property only through heat treatment, the test specimens (plates) accompanying the boiler
shall be provided.

9 Inspection and Acceptance

9.1 The inspection items of the welding quality of pressure parts are specified as follows:
a. Appearance inspection
b. Nondestructive inspection
c. Mechanical property test
d. Metallographic inspection and fracture inspection
e. Hydraulic test
9.2 The attachment welds of non-pressure parts welded onto the pressure parts to bear loads
shall be carried out with the appearance inspection and random magnetic particle inspection.
9.3 The requirements for the appearance inspection on the attachment welds of pressure

10
parts are as follows:
a. The overall dimension of the weld shall meet the requirements of the design drawing
and technological documents, the weld height shall not be lower than the base metal surface,
and the welds shall be transited smoothly with the base metal;
b. The weld and the surface of its heat affected zone shall be free from cracks,
incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, arc crater and air holes;
c. There are no undercuts on the longitudinal weld and circumferential weld of the
boiler drum, boiler shell, furnace, header or pipeline as well as the splicing weld of the head,
tube plate or foot ring; the undercut depth of the rest welds shall not be greater than 0.5mm;
the undercut depth of the circumferential weld of the tube or other pipe fittings shall not be
greater than 0.5mm; the total length of the undercut at both sides shall neither be greater than
20% of the tube perimeter nor 40mm.
9.4 The requirements for the appearance inspection on the attachment welds of the
non-pressure parts bearing loads are as follows:
a. The overall dimension of the weld shall meet the requirements of the design drawing
and technological documents, and the welds shall be transited smoothly with the base metal;
b. The weld and the surface of its heat affected zone shall be free from cracks,
incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, arc crater and air holes;
c. The undercut depth shall not be greater than 0.5mm.
9.5 The nondestructive inspection in this standard includes radiographic inspection,
ultrasonic inspection, magnetic particle inspection and dye penetrant inspection.
9.6 The nondestructive inspection personnel must get the qualifications evaluation and pass
the examination by obtaining the qualification certificate according to "Rules of Personnel
Qualification Test for Boiler and Pressure Vessel NDE" issued by the former Ministry of
Labour and Personnel, and they only can undertook the detection method that passing the
examination and do the nondestructive inspection work with corresponding technical grade
within the valid period stated in the certificate.
9.7 The specified detection method and inspection quantity shall be adopted according to
the type of the attachment weld on pressure parts and the type of boilers. The type of weld is
divided into:
a. The longitudinal weld and circumferential weld of the boiler drum or boiler shell,
the splicing weld of the head or tube plate and the foot ring as well as the longitudinal weld of
the header, according to those specified in Table 4;
b. The longitudinal weld and circumferential weld of the furnace as well as the splicing
weld on the furnace top and the butt weld of the reversal chamber, according to those
specified in Table 5 (omitted);
c. The circumferential weld of the header, pipeline, tube and other pipe fittings,
according to those specified in Table 6;
d. The attachment welds of the downcomer or pipe joint, according to those specified
in Table 7.
The nondestructive inspection may be carried out according to the requirements of the
drawing or technical documents unless otherwise stated in them, but it shall not be less than
the requirements of this standard.
e. For the internal combustion shell boiler with rated steam pressure no greater than

11
1.6MPa, the detection quantity of the attachment weld at the corner joint of its tube plate and
furnace as well as the boiler shell is as follows:
The nondestructive inspection on the splicing weld of the head (tube plate) and the foot
ring shall be carried out after the machine shaping.
1. Each weld at the T-shaped connection position of the tube plate with boiler shell
shall be carried out with 100% ultrasonic inspection.
2. The weld at the tube plate and furnace, reversal chamber and its T-shaped
connection position shall be carried out with 50% ultrasonic inspection.
Table 4
Type of weld: longitudinal weld and circumferential weld of the boiler drum or boiler shell, the splicing weld of the head or tube
plate and the foot ring as well as the longitudinal weld of the header

No. Category of pressure parts Detection method and inspection quantity

Hot water boiler

Rated hot water temperature

1 100 % radiographic inspection on each weld
at outlet is not less than 120℃

Rated hot water temperature At least 25% radiographic inspection shall be done on each weld and the weld
2
at outlet is less than 120℃ intersection position must be included

Steam boiler

100% ultrasonic inspection plus at least 25% radiographic inspection shall be done on
each weld; the radiographic inspection must be done on the weld intersection position
Rated steam pressure is not
1 and the position with suspicious quality which found by the ultrasonic inspection; the
less than 3.82MPa
ultrasonic inspection shall be carried out for the electroslag welding weld only after
accomplishing the post-weld heat treatment.

100% ultrasonic inspection plus at least 25% radiographic inspection or 100 %

Rated steam pressure is less
radiographic inspection shall be done on each weld, and the radiographic inspection
2 than 3.82MPa but not less
shall be carried out at weld intersection position and the position with suspicious
than 2.5MPa
quality which found by the ultrasonic inspection.

Rated steam pressure is

3 greater than 0.4MPa but less 100 % radiographic inspection shall be carried out on each weld
than 2.5MPa

Rated steam pressure is

25% radiographic inspection shall be carried out on each weld (the weld intersection
4 greater than 0.1MPa but less
position must be included)
than 0.4MPa

Rated steam pressure is not 10% radiographic inspection shall be carried out on each weld (the weld intersection
5
greater than 0.1 MPa position must be included)

Table 5
Type of weld: longitudinal weld and circumferential weld of furnace as well as splicing weld on furnace top

No. Category of pressure parts Detection method and inspection quantity

Hot water boiler

All kinds of rated hot water At least 25% radiographic inspection shall be done on each weld and the weld
1
temperature at outlet intersection position must be included

Steam boiler

Rated steam pressure is not less than 25% radiographic inspection shall be done on each weld and the weld
1
0.1MPa intersection position must be included

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 Rated steam pressure is not greater 10% radiographic inspection shall be done on each weld and the weld
2
than 0.1MPa intersection position must be included

Table 6
Type of weld: circumferential weld of header, pipeline, tube and other pipe fittings

No. Category of pressure parts Detection method and inspection quantity

Hot water boiler

Header, pipeline, tube and other

pipe fittings with nominal
1 100 % radiographic inspection on each weld
outside diameter greater than
159mm
Rated hot water
At least 25 % radiographic inspection shall be done on each
temperature at outlet Header with nominal outside
2 weld, and the random inspection with no less than 25% of
is not less than 120℃ diameter no greater than 159mm
the total circumferential welds may also be carried out.

Header, tube and other pipe

Random radiographic inspection, no less than 2% of total
3 fittings with nominal outside
circumferential welds
diameter no greater than 159mm

Header, pipeline, tube and other

At least 25 % radiographic inspection shall be done on each
pipe fittings with nominal
4 weld, and the random inspection with no less than 25% of
outside diameter greater than
the total circumferential welds may also be carried out.
159mm
Rated hot water
At least 10% radiographic inspection shall be done on each
temperature at outlet Header with nominal outside
5 weld, and the random inspection with no less than 10% of
is less than 120℃ diameter no greater than 159mm
the total circumferential welds may also be carried out.

Header, tube and other pipe

6 fittings with nominal outside May be free from inspection
diameter no greater than 159mm

Steam boiler

Header, pipeline, tube and other

pipe fittings with nominal
100 % radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection on
1 outside diameter greater than
each weld
159mm or nominal wall
All kinds of rated
thickness no less than 20mm
steam pressure
At least 25 % radiographic inspection or ultrasonic
Header with nominal outside inspection shall be done on each weld, and the random
2
diameter no greater than 159mm inspection with no less than 25% of the total circumferential
weld may also be carried out.

Radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection; 100%

Rated steam pressure Pipeline, tube and other pipe radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection shall be
3 is not less than fittings with nominal outside done on each weld in the manufactory; random inspection
9.81MPa diameter no greater than 159mm with no less than 25% of the total circumferential welds
shall be done on the installation site.

Rated steam pressure Pipeline, tube and other pipe Radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection; 50%
4 is not less than fittings with nominal outside radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection shall be
3.82MPa but less than diameter no greater than 159mm done on each weld in the manufactory; random inspection

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 9.81MPa with 25% of the joint number shall be done on the
installation site.

Rated steam pressure

is not less than Tube with nominal outside Random radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection
5
0.1MPa but less than diameter no greater than 159mm with 10% of the joint number shall be done.
3.82MPa

Table 7
Type of weld: attachment weld of downcomer or tube joint

No. Category of pressure parts Detection method and inspection quantity

Steam boiler

Centralized 100% radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection on each

1
downcomer weld
Rated steam pressure is
Magnetic particle inspection or penetrant inspection; random
not less than 3.82MPa Boiler drum or tube
2 inspection with no less than 10% of the total attachment welds
joint on header
shall be done.

9.8 The radiographic inspection on the butt joint shall meet the requirements of GB 3323,
and the approval criteria are as follows:
a. Radiographic quality
This shall not be less than Grade AB.
b. The weld quality shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 8.
Table 8
The weld quality shall not be less than
No. Category of boiler
Radiographic inspection Ultrasonic inspection

Hot water boiler

1 Rated hot water temperature at outlet is not less than 120℃ Grade II Grade I

2 Rated hot water temperature at outlet is less than 120℃ Grade III -

Steam boiler

3 Rated steam pressure is greater than 0.1MPa II I

4 Rated steam pressure is not greater than 0.1MPa III

9.9 The ultrasonic inspection on the butt joint shall meet the requirements of JB 1152; when
the nominal wall thickness is greater than 120mm, it may be carried out according to the
requirements of GB 1345; the qualified criteria of the weld quality shall be in accordance with
those specified in Table 8. The ultrasonic inspection on the butt joint of the pipeline, tube and
other pipe fittings may be implemented according to the requirements of DL/T 5048 and the
enterprise standard of the manufactory. The ultrasonic flaw detector shall meet the
requirements of ZBY 230.
9.10 For the welds passing partial radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection, the
supplemental radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection shall be done in the extending
direction of defects if the extending possibility is discovered at any end of the inspected
position. If there is unqualified defect in the random inspection or supplemental inspection in
the extending direction of defects, the supplemental flaw detection on two times of the
quantity of random inspection shall be done for this weld. After the supplemental inspection,
this weld shall be carried out with flaw detection wholly if there is still unqualified defect.
9.11 For the weld carrying out with the radiographic inspection according to required

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proportion, the supplemental radiographic inspection shall be carried out in the extension
direction of defects if there are unallowable defects found at two ends of the inspected
position, 100 % radiographic inspection shall be carried out for this weld if there is still doubt
on the weld quality after supplemental inspection.
9.12 For the circumferential weld on the header, pipeline, tube and other pipe fittings
carrying out with radiographic inspection or ultrasonic inspection according to required
proportion, the supplemental inspection shall be carried out by adopting the weld with
double quantity of the original required randomly-inspected proportion, the nondestructive
inspection shall be carried out for the circumferential weld on this batch of weldments welded
by this welder or welding machine if the supplemental inspection is still unqualified,
9.13 The ultrasonic inspection on the attachment weld of the centralized downcomer shall
meet the requirements of JB 3144, and it is qualified if it does not exceed the judge condition
specified in that standard.
9.14 The magnetic particle inspection on the attachment weld of tube joints or hanger and
support parts shall meet the requirements of JB 4730, and the qualified criteria are:
a. It is not allowed to appear any cracks and air holes in rows;
b. The defect indication shall not exceed Grade II specified in that standard.
9.15 The magnetic particle inspection on the attachment weld of the non-pressure parts
(bearing loads) on the pressure parts specified in 7.5 shall meet the requirements of JB 4730,
the dye penetrant inspection shall meet the requirements of Appendix H of GB 150; the
qualified criteria are all that it shall be free from any cracks.
9.16 The mechanical property test includes tensile test at normal temperature, bend test and
impact test at normal temperature.
9.17 The test specimens (plates) of the boiler drum, boiler shell, header, pipeline, tube or
other pipe fittings shall be carried out with the tensile test at normal temperature and the bend
test; and the following boilers or weldments also shall be carried out with:
a. As for the drum with longitudinal weld and with wall thickness greater than 20mm,
the longitudinal weld shall be carried out with full weld metal tensile test.
b. The steam boiler with rated steam pressure no less than 3.82MPa or the boiler drum,
header or pipeline with wall temperature no less than 450℃; the impact test at normal
temperature shall be carried out if the wall thickness of weldments exceeds the following
values: no less than 16mm in the single welding and no less than 12mm in the welding by
both sides.
9.18 The following weld shall be carried out with metallographic inspection when the
material of weldments is alloy steel:
1. The butt weld of the boiler drum with working pressure no less than 3.82MPa; the
butt weld of the header, heating side tubes and pipelines with working pressure no less than
9.81MPa or wall temperature greater than 450℃;
2. The fillet welds of the boiler drum and the tube joint on the header with working
pressure no less than 3.82MPa.
9.19 The metallographic inspection includes macroscopic metallographic inspection and
microcosmic metallographic inspection:
Unless otherwise stated in 8.8, the following test specimens shall be carried out with
macroscopic metallographic inspection:

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 a. The butt joints on the boiler drums of such steam boilers with rated steam pressure
no less than 3.82MPa;
b. The butt joints on the steam boilers with rated steam pressure no less than 9.82MPa
or on the header, pipeline, tube and other pipe fittings with wall temperature no less than
450℃;
c. The attachment welds on the boiler drums of such steam boilers with rated steam
pressure no less than 3.82MPa or on the tube joint on the header.
For the weldment in need of macroscopic metallographic inspection, if the quench
hardening, microcracking or overburning are easy to happen, their test specimens still shall be
done with microcosmic metallographic inspection.
9.20 Unless otherwise stated in 8.9, regarding the steam boilers with rated steam pressure
no less than 3.82MPa, the butt joints of the heating side tubes shall be carried out with
fracture inspection.
9.21 The metallographic inspection and fracture inspection shall meet the requirements of
JB/T 2336.
9.22 The hydraulic test on the weldments shall be carried out according to technical
requirements for manufacturing the pressure parts, the hydraulic test shall be carried out after
the nondestructive inspection is qualified and it shall meet the requirements of JB/T 1612.

10 Weld Repair

10.1 The reason shall be found out for the defects not allowed to exist on the weld. The
repair shall be done only after making feasible repair scheme.
10.2 Before the repair, the defect shall be removed thoroughly, it is forbidden to repair
when it is exposed to water. The post-weld heat treatment shall be carried out for weldments
requiring it after the repair.
10.3 After repairing the welds, the appearance inspection and nondestructive inspection as
well as other inspection items that are considered to be supplemented necessarily by the
inspection department of the manufactory shall be carried out according to the quality
requirements of the original weld. The repair on the same position shall not exceed three
times.

11 Marking and Quality Certificate

The inspection department shall carry out inspection on the weldments according to
those specified in the drawing and this standard; after weldments are accepted through the
inspection, the inspection result of welding quality, heat treatment mode and specification as
well as the repair conditions of the welds shall be filled in the welding quality certificate of
boiler product. The inspection report on welding quality and nondestructive inspection record
(including negative pictures) shall be preserved by the manufactory in good order for at least
five years or shall be handed over to the user for long term storage.

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