AH Professional Standard of the People’s Republic of China JB/T 4730.2—2005 Replace part of JB 4730—1994 Nondestructive testing for pressure equipment Part 2: Radiographic testing Issued on 2005-07-26 Enforced on 2005-11-01 Issued by National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaJBIT 4730.2—2005 CONTENTS i Scope Normative References | « General Requirements Specific Requirements Quality Classification of Radiographic testing for Fusion Butt Welded Joint in Pressure Equipment - 6 Quality Classification of Radiographic testing for Circumferential Fusion But Welded cnt in Pipe/Tube Used for Presure Eaupment snd Presi Piping 7 Radiographic testing Report ‘Annex A (informative) Characteristic Indices of Industrial Radiographic Film System ~ ‘Annex B (informative) Periodic Calibration Method of Densitometer (Optical Density Meter) ~ ‘Annex C (informative) Sketches of Typical Radiographic Techniques ‘Annex D (informative) Determination for Number of Exposures for Circumferential Butt Welded Joint Annex E (normative) Caleulation Method of Focus Size Annex F (normative) Type and Specification of Specific Image Quality Indicator(IQN) ‘Annex G (normative) Placement of Lap Location Marker - ‘Annex H (normative) ‘Type and Specification of Reference Block ~ weenJBIT 4730.2—2005 FOREWORD ‘The JB/T 4730.1 ~ 4730.6—2005 (Nondestructive testing for pressure equipment} contains following, six Parts: — Part 1: General requirements; — Pat — Part3: Ultrasonic testing; — Part4; Magnetic particle testing; — Part 5: Penetrant testing; — Part 6: Eddy current testing, ‘This Part is the Part 2 of JB/T 4730.1 ~ 4730.6—2005: Radiographic testing (RT). This Part is mainly based on the domestic research achievement and the application experience of late years, and is formulated with reference to the corresponding requirements of EN, European Standard, Section V, ASME (Boiler and pressure vessel code) and JIS Standard. Moreover, this partis revised in accordance with the professional feedback comments. ‘The contents of this Part in comparison with the corresponding part of JB 4730—1994 are changed as follows: 1, The technical grade classification of radiography is redefined. The technical grade selection for radiography in different cases are added. 2. The requirements of Image Quality Indicator (IQN sensitivity of radiation film for different penetrated thickness and different radiation techniques are revised. ‘The sensitivities are relatively promoted 3. The industrial radiation film system is classified as 4 Types: TI, T2, T3 and T4, The requirement for characteristic indices of radiographic film system is added in Annex A (informative). 4. Some Charts of determination for exposure number of circumferential butt welded joint in accordance with different K values are added in Annex D (informative).. 5. The applicable optical density range of film with respect to different radiation sources specified in the original Standard is revised and approptiately promoted. 6. The contents of radiation arrangement and exposure number for the butt welded joint of small diameter pipe/tube are revised. ‘The specification of Se-75 ray application is added. . The exposure curve is added. 9. The illuminance requirement for radiograph reading light is modified. 10. The curves of allowable maximum tube voltage with respect to the different thicknesses of steel, coppericopper alloy, aluminium/aluminium alloy and titanium/titanium alloy are revised. 11, The content relating to densitometer (optical density meter) is added. The petiodic calibration ‘method for densitometer is specified in Annex B (informative), 12, The quality classifications of RT for the butt welded joint in nickel/nickel alloy and copper/copperJBVT 4730.2—2005 alloy pressure equipment are added. 13, The quality classifications of RT for the circumferential butt welded joint in steel, nickel, coppericopper alloy, aluminiumvaluminium alloy and titanium/titanium alloy pipe/tube used for Pressure equipment and pressure piping are added. ‘The Annex E, Annex F, Annex G and Annex H of this Part are normative Annexes, and the Annex A, ‘Annex B, Annex C and Annex D of this Part are informative Annexes. This Part is proposéd by the China Standardization Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels (SAC/TC 262). ‘This Part is under the jurisdiction of the China Standardization Committee on Boilers and Pressure ‘Vessels (SAC/TC 262). ‘The main writers of this Part are: Qiang Tianpeng, Yuan Rong, Zheng Shicai, Li Wei, Chen Wenbu, Li Yan, He Zeyun,BIT 4730.2—2005 Nondestructive testing for pressure equipment Part 2: Radiographic testing 1 SCOPE ‘This Part of JB/T 4730 specifies the requirements for X-ray and y-ray radiographic testing (RT) (technique and quality classification of fusion butt welded joint in the metallic components for pressure equipment. ‘This Part is applicable to the RT for butt welded joint in the pressure components of pressure equipment in-fabrication, in-installation and in-service. The metallic base materials of welded joint include carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel, copper/eopper alloy, aluminjum/aluminium alloy, titaniumtitanium alloy ‘and nickeVickel alloy. ‘The RT techniques specified in this Part are classified as three grades: Grade A — low sensitivity technique, Grade AB — medium sensitivity technique, and Grade B — high sensitivity technique. ‘The RT for butt welded joint in the relevant support component and structure part of pressure equipment may also refer to this Pact. 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES ‘The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of (his Part of JB/T 4730, For dated references, subsequent amendments to (excluding corrigendum), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Part are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the document referred to applies. GB 115331989 Standard logarithmic visual acuity charts GB 163571996 Radiological protection standards for industrial X-ray detection GB 184652001 __Radiological protection requirements for industrial gamma defect detecting GB 18871—2002__Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources ‘GB/T 19348.1—2003 Nondestructive testing Industral radiographic film Part {: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography GB/T 19348.2—2003 Nondestructive testing - Industrial radiographic film Part 2; Control of film processing by means of reference values HB 7684—2000 Wire type image quality indicator (QD used for radiography JBIT4730.1 Nondestructive testing for pressure equipment Patt 1: General requirements JB/T 7902-1999 __Wite type image quality indicator (QD, JB/T7903—1999 Industrial radiographic illuminators 31JBIT 4780.2—2005 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ‘The general requirements of RT shall also meet the following provisions of this Part, besides the ‘corresponding provisions of JB/T' 4730.1. 3.1 Radiographic testing Personnel 3.1.1 The RT personnel shall be qualified by the radiation safety training, and shall hold the radiation operation certificate. 8.1.2 The near vision and distance vision of specific RT personnel, whether by correction or not, shall be not Jess than 5.0 (decimal record 1.0) by the vision test method specified in GB 11533. The vision of testing personnel shall be tested once a year. 3.2. Radiographic Film 3.2.1 The radiographic film system is classified as 4 Types: TI, T2, T3 and T4; where T1 is the highest class and 4, the lowest class respectively. The characteristic indices of industrial radiographic film system, are shown in Annex A (informative). The film Manufacturer shall be responsible to examine the performance Of the film produced systematically, and shall provide the comesponding type and parameters. The film processing and the apparatus and chemicals may be examined and controlled by the examination piece of pre-exposure film provided by the film Manufacturer in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 19348,2— 2008. 3.2.2. The Grade A and Grade AB radiography shall use the film of Type T3 or higher class, and the Grade B shall use the film of Type T2 or higher class, ‘The base fog density of film shall be not greater than 0.3. 3.2.3 When the y-ray is applied to the RT for high crack-senstivity material, the film of Type T2 or higher lass shall be used. 3.3 Radiographic Iuminator 3.3.1 The essential performance of the radiographic illuminator shall be per the corresponding provisions of BIT 7903. 3.3.2 The maximum illuminance of the radiographic illuminator shall meet the requirement of radiograph interpretation. 3.4 Densitometer (Optical Density Meter) 3.4.1 The maximum examinable optical density of the densitometer shall be not less than 4.5. The density reading tolerance of densitometer shall be + 0.05, 3.4.2 The calibration period of the densitometer shall be at least once per 6 months. The calibration method. ‘ay refer tothe provisions of Annex B (informative). 3.5 Intensifying Screen Generally, the RT shall either use metallic intensifying screen, or not use intensifying screen. ‘The selection for intensifying screen shall be per the requirements as shown in Table 1 32JBIT 4730.2—2005 TABLE 1 MATERIAL AND THICKNESS OF INTENSIFYING SCREEN Front Sereen Back Screen ‘Radiation * Source Material Thickness mm teil Thicloess mm Koray (<100kV) tend ot ue, or 0.03 lead <003 xy ea dead 010 lead <015 xy cersoey 2s0ev) dead one -oas lead om~ors ay e500 500%) lead 002~020 Jead 002-020 Grade A, 002 ~ 0.20 Grade A, 002-020 ses dead lead Gre AB, Grade B, Gre AB, Grade B, 0.1~0.2 0.1~0.2 Gade A, 0.02 ~020 Grade A002 ~ 0.20 rim dead ead Grade AB, Grade B, Grade AB, Gade B, 0.1~0.2 01-02, steal or copper 025-07 ste or copper 025-07 co-60 lead (Grade A, AB) 05-20 lead (Grado A, AB) 05-20 steer copper 025-07 steel or copper 025-07 Xny Y=“ BEN) lead (Grade A, AB) 05-20 ead (Grade A, AB) 05~2.0 stel or copper <1 Xny tel, copper or tnalu| <1 (>4MeV ~ 12MeV) ‘aatalum 505 dead (Grade A, AB) 05-10 Jead (Grade A, AB) 05-10 Key (>12Mev) tantalum <1 back seen not ued 1) Whea the vacuum packaged film of font seren thickness ~<0.03mm is wed in Grade AB and B, an additonal ead screen of hicknes 0.7mm ~0.1Szam shal be placed between the et object andthe film, 3.6 Image Quality Indicator (IQ1) 38.6.1. The wire type IQI is used to examine the film image quality. The code number and specification of the wire type IQI shall be per the provisions of JB/T'7902, The contents of wire diameter and wire gage etc., Which are not specified in JB/T 7902, shall be per the corresponding provisions of HB 7684. 8.6.2 The materials and code name of IQI, and the applicable object materials with respect to different IQI ‘materials shall be per the requirements as shown in Table 2, 33BIT 4730.2—2005 TABLE2 APPLICABLE OBJECT MATERIALS WITH RESPECT ‘TO DIFFERENT IQI MATERIALS TQ Material T ne Fe Ni 1 al a carbon ste! or 7 a ‘ industrial pure | industrial pure | 59 TorMandat | sete sins | N-Cr ay rae 3* pure copper ‘Applicable carbon size, ‘Object Jow-alloysteel_| Ni Nislloy Ti Talley AL Alalloy Ca, Cualloy Material orstinles sted 3.7 Surface Preparation and Radiographic Testing Occasion 3.7.1 The surface of butt welded joint shall be accepted by the appearance examination prior to the RT. ‘The radiographic image due to surface irregularities must not cover up or interfere with the flaw image. Otherwise, the surface shall be appropriately processed. 3.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, the RT shall be performed after welding. For the material possessing delayed crack tendency, the RT shal be performed at least 24h after welding. 3.8 ‘Technical Grade for Radiographic Testing 3.8.1 The technical grade for RT shall be selected per the requirements of the comesponding standard and design drawings in-fabrication, ininstallation and in-service ete. For the RT of butt welded joint of pressure equipment in-fabrication, in-installation and in-service, the Grade AB is generally used. For the RT of butt welded joint of important equipment, construction, and made of special material or fabricated by special welding procedure, the Grade B may be used. 9.8.2 When some testing conditions such as the structure, environmental condition or radiographic apparatus tc, do not practically meet the requirements of Grade AB (or Grade B), the technical chief of the testing party ‘may approve the testing in conformity with the requirements of Grade AB (or Grade B); but only if an effective compensation measure (e.g. film type of higher class) has been used as applicable, and the IQI sensitivity of radiograph shall meet the requirement of the Grade AB (or Grade B). 3.8.3 For the RT of pressure equipment in-service, when some testing conditions such as the structure, environmental condition or radiographic apparatus etc. do not practically meet the requirement of Grade AB, the technical chief of the testing party may approve to execute the RT of Grade A; but only if an effective compensation measure (¢g. film type of higher class) has been used as applicable, and the alternative NDT ‘method shall also be used as supplementary testing simultaneously. 3.9 Radiation-Proof : 3.9.1 The health guard against radiation shall be per the corresponding provisions of GB 18871, GB 16357 and GB 18465, 3.9.2 The site for X-ray RT shall be defintely divided into control area and management area, and sot with ‘waming symbol in accordance with the provisions of GB 16357. ‘The testing personnel shall wear personal dosimeter and carry dose alarm. 3.9.3 The site for y-ray RT shall be definitely divided into control area and supervision area, and set with ‘warning symbol in accordance with the provisions of GB 18465. During testing, the radiation level shall be “JBIT 4730.2—2005 checked around the boundary of control area. The testing personnel shall wear personal dosimeter and carry dose alarm, 4. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS 4.1. Radiographic Arrangement 4.4.4 Radiographic Technique ‘The selection for proper radiographic technique shall be based on the requirements of object characteristics and technical specification. The single-wall radiographic technique shall be preferably used far as possible, The double-wall radiographic technique may be used, only ifthe single-wall radiographic technique cannot be practically applied to. The typical radiographic techniques are shown in Annex C (informative). 4.1.2 Direction of Radiation Generally, the radiation beam center shall be perpendicular to the center of radiation area in radiographic process. Alternative radiation direction, that is beneficial to disclose the flaws, may also be used, if necessary. 441.3 Primary Radiation Length ‘The primary radiation length is controlled by the penetrated thickness ratio K. The penetrated thickness ratio with respect to different technical grades and different types of butt welded joint shall be per the requirements as shown in Table 3. ‘The required number of exposures for circumferential butt welded joint may be determined by the Charts in Annex D (informative). TABLE3 ALLOWABLE PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO K Technical Grade of RT Grade A, Grade AB Grade B ‘Longitudinal Welded Joint K<103 Ks101 Circumferential Welded Joint Ks1.10” K61.06 1) Forciroumferential but welded join of 100mm < D,<400mm (including curved welded joint of the same curvature), the K=<1.20is permitted in Grade A and Grade AB. 4.14 Radiographic Arrangement for Circumferential Butt Welded Joint of Small Diameter Pipe/Tube ‘The small diameter pipe/tube shall use the radiographic arrangement of double-wall/double-image, When the following conditions are fully satisfied, the inclined radiographic technique with elliptical image shall be used: (®) T (thickness) <8mm; (©) g (weld width) 0.12, the mumber of exposures is three times with 120° o 60° interval each other. When the perpendicular radiographic technique with superimposed image is used, the number of exposures is generally three times with 120° or 60? interval each other, If the number of exposures by moltiple times cannot be pecformed due to structural reason, only once radiation with elliptical image or superimposed image may be used. But, in consideration of the fact that 100% testing along the whole length of weld cannot be performed in once radiation, the effective measure of extending the detectable area of flaws shall be used to ensure the required optical density and sensitivity within the interpretation scope of radiograph. 4.2. Radiation Energy 4.2.1 A tube voltage of X-ray radioscopy to be selected shall be low as far as possible, When the higher tube voltage is adopted, an appropriate exposure value shall be ensured. The allowable maximum tube ‘voltages of X-ray with respect to different materials and different penetrated thickness are shown in Fig. 1. B 8388 s sess allowable maximum tube voltage, KV * 23 4 567891 2 30 4 306070 100 penetrated thickness W, mm Note: 1—voppeecopper alloy; 2—steel; 3—titniumfitanium alloy; 4—aluminium/sluminium alloy FIG 1 ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM TUBE VOLTAGE WITH RESPECT TO DIFFERENT PENETRATED THICKNESSES For the pressure equipment of greater change in section thickness, the X-ray tube voltage specified in Fi 1 may be exceeded on the premise of ensuring the sensitivity requirement, But, for steel and coppet/copper alloy, the increment of X-ray tube voltage shall not over SOKV; for titanium/titanium alloy, not over 40kV; and for aluminium/aluminium alloy, not over 30kV. 422 The applicable penetrated thickness range of y-ray source and high enetgy X-ray shall be per the ‘requirements as shown in Table 4. 36JB/T 4730.2—2005 ‘When the radiographic technique of source at inner center is used, the permitted minimum penetrated thickness of y-ray on the premise of ensuring IQI sensitivity meeting the requirement of Item 4.11.3 may be taken as 1/2 the lower limit value as shown in Table 4, ‘When other radiographic techniques are used, on the premise of an effective compensation measure and ensuring IQI seasitivity to meet the requirement of Item 4.11.3, the minimum penetrated thickness of Ir-192 source with Grade A and Grade AB may be decreased to 10mm, and that of Se-75 source with Grade A and Grade AB may be decreased to Smm on agreement by both contractors, TABLE4 PENETRATED THICKNESS RANGE OF y-RAY SOURCE AND. HIGH ENERGY X-RAY SOURCE (MORE THAN IMeV) FOR STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL AND NICKEL ALLOY Penetrated Thickness W mm Radiation GrdeA, Grade AB Grade B S015 10-40 14-40 1192 20-100 320-90 Co-60 40-200 60-150 “X-ray (IMEV ~ 4MeV) 330-200 >50~ 180 Koray (> 4MeV~ 12Mev) 50 80 X-my (> 12MeV) a0 100 4.3. Minimum Souree-to-Object Distance 4.3.1. The selection for source-to-object distance f shall meet the following requirements: —for RT technique of Grade A: f =7.5d-6™* —for RT technique of Grade AB: f > 10d- 57° for RT technique of Grade B= f ter BM “The Fig. 2 is the nomograph for determining fof Grade A and Grade B, and the Fig. 3 is the nomograph for determining f of Grade AB. The effective focus size d is determined by the provisions of Annex E (normative). 37BIT 4730,2—2005 wg somes mmo 199190 888 8 sere R RF Sweonen an = (i fedauisilesss MbladodoubanbadlatassiiLletele ta La = aay opnin joy soup 199/96-01-s0m0s 28 §8 f€ saa 2 o rebate phen tebe tt 222 8 888 2 FRR ® “tau peup joy soumstp ssofgo-o1-2omnos = tn ozs snooy oanen> DISTANCE OF GRADEA AND GRADE B FIG2 NOMOGRAPH FOR DETERMINING SOURCE-TO-OBJECT 38JBIT 4730.2—2005 gees 000 8 ‘bjoct-io-flm distance b, mm) ——= 3000 2000 1000 cffective focus size mm. ——~ 100 source-to-object distance Fof Grade AB, mm = ——— g 8 0 os 2 FIG 3 NOMOGRAPH FOR DETERMINING SOURCE-TO-OBJECT DISTANCE OF GRADE AB 4.3.2 When the radiographic technique of circumferential exposure with the source at inner center is used, the value f may be reduced, only if the film quality complies with the provisions of Items 4.11.2 and 4.11.3. But the reduction shall not exceed 50% of the specific value, 4.3.3 When the radiographic technique of single-wall with the source at inner center is used, the value f may be reduced, only if the film quality complies with provisions of Items 4.11.2 and 4.11.3. But the reduction shall not exceed 20% of the specific value, 44° Exposure Valne 4.4.1 For X-ray radioscopy, the exposure values of focal distance 700mm are recommended as follows: —for radiographic technique of Grade A and Grade AB: >1SmA-min; —for radiographic technique of Grade B: | >20mA-min. ‘When the focal distance is changed, the exposure value may be converted from the recommended value by the law of inverse squares. 44.2 For y-ray radioscopy, the total exposure time shall be not less than 10 times the required travel time 39JBIT 4730.2—2005 ‘for making a round trip of y-source during testing. 45 Exposure Curve 4.5.1 The exposure curves of commonly tested materials shall be formulated for each radiographic apparatus in-service. The exposure parameters shall be determined in accordance with the exposure curve. 45.2. The conditions of the film, intensifying screen, focal distance and radiation energy etc. required for formulating the exposure curve, and the parameters of the sensitivity and optical density etc. required for the radiograph shall be per the provisions of this Part. 4.5.3 The exposure curve in application shall be checked at least once every year. When the radiographic ‘apparatus is replaced by major component or overhauled, the exposure curve shall be calibrated or reformulated in time, 4.8 Shielding of Useless Radiation and Scattered Radiation 4.6.1 Some proper measures such as metallic intensifying screen, lead plate, filter and collimator etc. shall ‘be used to shield the useless radiation and scattered radiation and block up the radiation field scope. 4.6.2 When the testing procedure is initially prepared or the condition and environment of the testing procedure is changed, the back-scattered-radiation protection shall be checked. ‘The check method of back-scattered-radiation protection is described as follows: a lead symbol “B” of 13mm in height and 1.6mm in thickness shall be attached to the back of cassette. ‘Then, the radiation process and the dark room treatment are performed in accordance with the testing procedure, If the optical density of image “B” on radiograph is less than that of background, the back-scattered-radiation protection is ‘unacceptable, and the thickness of lead plate used for back-scattered-radiation protection shall be increased. If no image “B” is found on the radiograph, or the optical density of image “B” on radiograph is greater than that of background, the back-scattered-radiation protection is acceptable, 4.7 Application of Image Quality Indicators (IQ1) 4.7.1 Generally, the IQs) shall be placed on the weld surface of source side of test object (located at neatly 1/4 the length of test area). ‘The wire shall be crossed the weld, and the fine wire shall be placed at outside. ‘When multiple welded joints are penetrated on one film, the IQI(s) shall be placed on the outermost weld of the interest area. 4.7.2. Principles of 1QI(s) Placement (@) For single-wall radiography, the IQI(s) shall be placed at source side, For double-wall/single-image radiography, the IQI(6) shall be placed at film side. For double-wall/double-image radiography, the QL) may be placed at either source side or film side. (©) In single-wall radiography, if the IQI(s) are impossible to be placed at source side, they may be placed at film side, (©) When the 1QI(6) for single-wall radiography are placed at film side, a comparative test shall be performed. The comparative test method is described as follows: each one IQI shall be placed at source side and film side respectively. The radiography is performed by the same conditions as that of test object. The difference in measured sensitivities between the 1QI(s) at source side and film side is used to correct the wire identity of IQJ, so that the sensitivity of actual radiation film may be ‘ensured to comply with the requirement of this Part.JBIT 4730.2—2005 (@ When the 101(6) are placed at film side, a lead symbol “F" as a mark shall be attached at the proper location of IOL. Both images of mark “F" and TOI shall be found on the radiograph film, and it shall be indicated inthe testing report. 4.7.3 In principle, the IQK image shall be found on cach radiograph. When more than one film are photographed in a single exposure, the number of 1QH(6) to be used may be reduced, But, the following requirements shall be complied with: (@) For the circumferential butt welded joint of cylindrical components, where the source is placed on the axis of the component in a single exposure, at least three IQUs) with spacing of approximately 120° apart are required. (©) For the butt welded joint of spherical tank, where the source is placed at the center ofthe tank in a single exposure, at least three equally spaced 1QK(3) each are placed on the weld along latimde adjacent to north pole zone, equator zone and south pole zone respectively. Meanwhile, each one QI shall be placed on the petal patching welds of south pole and north pole respectively. (© When multiple films are successively putin order for @ single exposure, at least each one IK shall be placed on the first film, middle film and las film respectively. 4.7.4 The common wire type TQUG) of the specific 1QN(s) (equal diameter wire) as described in Annex F (normative) may be selected for small diameter pipe/tube, The wire shall be placed crossing the weld. 4.7.5 When a continuous wire image of length not less than 10mm can be clearly viewed on the uniform density area of radiograph (generally atthe base metal region adjacent to the weld), the wire is recognized as identifiable. The specific IOI shall identify atleast two wires. 48° Markers 4.81 The markers at radiographic area consist of identification marker and location marker. The markers are generally formed by proper size figure, phonetic alphabet and symbol etc., and made of lead (or other proper heavy metals) 48.2. The identification markers generally include product serial number, welded joint serial number, location setial number and radiation date, After repair, a repairing marker shall be used, and an extended testing marker shall be used for extending testing percentage. 4.8.3 The location markers generally include center location marker and lep location marker. The center location marker indicates the center location of radiation area segment and the direction of segment serial ‘number, which are generally expressed by cross arrow “{* ‘The lap location marker indicates the radiation segment markers in continuous testing, which are generally expressed by symbol “1” or other signs capable of showing the lap form. 4.8.4 The markers are generally placed at least Smm apart from the weld edge. The placement of lap markers shall be per the provisions of Annex G (normative). All marker images shall not be superimposed, and shall not interfere with the images in effective intenpretation scope. 49. Film Treatment 49.4 The film may be treated by automatic processing or manual processing. But, the automatic processing is preferably recommended. 4JBIT 4730.2—2005 49.2 Generally, the film treatment shall be performed in accordance with the application instruction of the film. 440 Requirements of Radiograph Interpretation 4.10.1 The radiograph interpretation generally shall be performed in the specific radiograph interpretation room, which shall be clean, tidy, quiet and have proper temperature and weak light. 4.10.2 The radiograph interpreter shall have a certain dark adaptation time prior to radiograph interpretation. ‘The dark adaptation time from sunshine to radiograph interpretation generally shall be Smin ~ 10min, and that from common room to radiograph interpretation shall be not less than 30s. 4.10.3 During radiograph interpretation, the illuminance within radiograph interpretation scope shall be per the following requirements: (@ When the optical density in radiograph interpretation scope is D<2.5, the illuminance penetrating through the radiograph interpretation scope shall be not less than 30cd/m (©) When the optical density in radiograph interpretation scope is D>2.5, the illuminance penetrating through the radiograph interpretation scope shall be not less than 10cd/m?, 4.10.4 Generally, the width of radiograph interpretation scope is the test weld width plus Smm each at both sides of the weld. 411 Quality of Radiograph 4.14.1 The images of location marker and identification marker on the radiograph shall be perfectly indicated and correctly located. 4.11.2. The optical density D in the radiograph interpretation scope shall be per following requirements: —GmdeA: 15 4.0, if the metering calibration report can ensure that the illuminance of used radiograph reading light in the radiograph interpretation scope conforms to the requirements of Item 4.10.3, the radiograph interpretation is permitted to be conducted on. 441.3. 1QI Sensitivity of Radiograph ‘The IQI sensitivity for single-wall radiography with IQK placed at source side shall be per the requirements specified in Table 5. The IQI sensitivity for double-wall/double-image radiography with IQL placed at source side shall be per the requirements specified in Table 6. The IQI sensitivity for double-wall/single-image or double-wall/double-image radiography with IQI placed at film side shall be per the requirements specified in Table 7. aBIT 4730.2—2005 TABLES IQ{ SENSITIVITY —SINGLE-WALL RADIOGRAPHY WITH 1QI PLACED AT SOURCE SIDE “Wire Gage ‘Nominal Thickness( 7’) Range mm (ize Diameter, men) Grade A Grade AB Grade B 18 (0.063) = — 25 17 (0.080) = 20 > 25-40 16 (0.100) 20 > 20-35 = 4-6 15 (0.125) > 20-35 > 35-50 > 6-8 14 0.160) > 35-50 > 5-7 > 8-12 13020) > 5-7 > 7-10 > 12-20 120.25) > 7-10 > 10-15 > 20-30 11032) > 10-15 > 15-25 > 30-35 100.40) > 15-25 > 25-32 > 35-45 9050) > 25~32 > 32-40 > 45-65 8 (0.63) > 32-40 > 40-55 > 65-120 70.80) > 40-55 > 55-85 > 120-200 61.00) > 55-85 > 85-150 > 200~350 5(125) > 85~150 > 150-250 > 350 44.60) > 150~250 > 250-350 = 32.00) > 250~350 > 350 = 22.50) > 350 = = TABLE 6 IQISENSITIVITY—DOUBLE-WALL/DOUBLE-IMAGE RADIOGRAPHY WITH IQI PLACED AT SOURCE SIDE ‘Wire Gage Penetrated Thickness( W) Range mm ‘Gfee Damen) Grade A Grade AB Grade B 18 (0.063) 7 = 25 17 (0.080) = =20 > 25-40 16 (0.100) =20 > 20-30 > 4-6 15 (0.125) > 20-30 > 30-45 = 6-9 140.160) > 30~45 > As~7 > 9-15 13 (0.20) > AS-7 > 7-1 > 15-2 12025) > 7-0 > M-15 > 2-31 11032) > M=15 > 15-22 > 31-40 10(0.40) > 15-22 > 2~32 > 40~48 9(050) > 2-32 > 32-44 > 48-56 8 0.63) > 48 > 4-54 = 70.80) > 44-54 = = 6BIT 4780.2—2005 TABLE7 QI SENSITIVITY —DOUBLE-WALLISINGLE-IMAGE OR DOUBLE-WALL/ DOUBLE-IMAGE RADIOGRAPHY WITH IQI PLACED AT FILM SIDE wong Penetrated Thickness W ) Range mm ee Aanke ey Grade A Grade AB GndeB 18 0.063) = = 25 17.080) = <20 > 25-40 16 0.100) <20 > 20-35 > 4-6 15(0.125) > 20-35 > 35-55 > 6-2 140.160) > 35-55 > 35-0 > 2-18 13020) > 55-11 > WHI > 18-30 12(025) >u-17 > 17-26 > 30-42 11032) > 17-26 > 25-39 > 42-55 10040) > 26-39 > 39-51 > 55-70 9050) > 39-51 > 51-64 > 70-100 80.63) > 51-64 > 64-85 > 100-180 70.80) > 64-85 > 85~ 125 > 180~300 6.00) > 85-195 > 125-235 > 300 5.25, > 195-05, > 205-375 = 40.60) > 5-315 > 315 = 3200) > 315 = = 4.11.4 The radiograph interpretation scope shall be free of the false flaw images of water trace, scratch and stain etc., that may interfere with the actual flaw image. 5 QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC TESTINGT FOR FUSION BUTT WELDED JOINT IN PRESSURE EQUIPMENT 5.1 Quality Classification of Radiographic ‘Testing for Fusion Butt Welded Joint in Steel, Nickel and Copper Pressure Equipment 5.A1 Scope This Section is applicable to the quality classification of RT for fusion butt welded joint in pressure equipment made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, austenitic stainless steel and nickeV/nickel alloy with thickness 2mm ~ 400mm; and that made of copper/copper alloy with thickness 2mm ~ 80mm, ‘The quality classification of RT for circumferential butt welded joint in pipe/tube and pressure piping shall be per the provisions of Chapter 6, 5.4.2. Kinds of Flaws ‘The flaws of butt welded joint are classified as following five kinds in accordance with their feature: ‘crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, stripy flaw and round flaw. 4BIT 4730.2—2005 5.1.3 Quality Classification Basis ‘The quality levels of butt welded joint based on the feature, amount and cluster of the existing flaws are classified as Levels I, I, I end IV. 5.1.4 General Rules of Quality Classification 5.14.1 Butt welded joint Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration and stripy flaw. 5.1.4.2 Butt welded joint Level II and Level III shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration. 5.1.4.3 When the flaws in butt welded joint exceed Level II, the quality level is defined as Level IV. 5.1.4.4 When the interpreted levels of various flaw kinds are different, the worst Level shall be identified as the quality level of the butt welded joint. 5.1.5 Classification for Round Flaws 5.1.5.1 ‘The round flaw interpretation zone is used for the classification of round flaws, which is a rectangular region parallel to the weld with the size specified in Table 8, and shall be located at the most serious flaw zone. TABLE8 FLAW INTERPRETATION ZONE om ‘Nominal Thickness of Base — <25 > 25~100 > 100 Size of Interpretation Zone 10x10 10x20 1030 5.1.5.2 All flaws within the round flaw interpretation zone or cutting with the interpretation zone boundary shall be counted in the interpretation zone, ‘The flaws counted in interpretation zone shall be converted to the spot number as stipulated in Table 9, and shall be interpreted as the comesponding quality Level of butt welded Joint in accordance with the requirements specified in Table 10. TABLE9 CONVERSION TABLE OF FLAW SPOT NUMBER FlawMajorAxis mm | <1 | >1~2 | >2-3 | >3~4 | >4-6 | >6-8 | >8 Flaw Spot Number 1 2 3 6 10 1s 25 TABLE 10 ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM SPOT NUMBER OF ROUND FLAWS CORRESPONDING TO VARIOUS LEVELS Interpretation Zone (mm x mm) 10x10 10x20 10x30 poi Tislowsot | Ziq | > wpmis | > 15-25 | > 25-50 |= 50-10 > 100 Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 Teel 3 6 9 2 6 8 ere 6 2 8 2 0 26 Tel ow got mumber > Level ow majors > 72 Note: When the nominal thicknesses of base material are different, the thinner plate thickness shell be taken. 45JBIT 4730.2—2005 5.1.5.3 When the butt welded joint probably produces the unfavorable result after repair due tothe material or structural reason, the round flaw spot numberof various levels may be tolerated to 1 ~ 2 spots more. 5.1.5.4. For the butt welded joint of high seal requirement, the radiograph interpreter of the Manufacturer shall take the opical density of round flaws asthe interpretation basis. Generally, the round flaw of heavier optical density is defined as deep hole flaw. When the butt welded joint exists deep hole flaw, the quality shal be interpreted as Level 1V. 5.1.5.5 When the flaw sizes are less than those specified in Table 11, the flaw spot number may not be counted in the level interpretation. For the butt welded joint Level I and the butt welded joint Level I of base raterial with nominal thickness T= 25-50 <07 > 0 <14eT 5.1.6 Classification for Stripy Flaws ‘The classification for stripy flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Table 12. TABLE 12 ALLOWABLE LENGTH OF STRIPY FLAWS CORRESPONDING. ‘TO BUTT WELDED JOINTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS mm Level | Maximom Length of Individual Stipy Flaw ‘Accumulated Maximum Length of Grouped Suipy Flaws 1 not permitted ‘within atbitrarly selected stipy flaw interpretation zone of i $22 ( minimum 4), Jength 127, the accumulated length of any grouped stipy and<20 flaws with adjacent flaw spacing not exceeding 6L shall be ‘not grester than 7; but the minimum value is 4 ‘within arbitrarily selected stripy flaw interpretation zone of i” <2773 ( minimum 6), Jength 6T, the socumnlated length of any grouped stipy and =30 ‘laws with adjacent flaw spacing not exceeding 3L shall be not greser than T; but the minimum value is 6 v exceeding Level IT Note: 1, _Ldenotes the maximum flaw length ofthe grouped stipy aws; 7 denotes the nominal thickness of base materia ‘When nomial thicknesses of base material are diferent, te thinner pate thickness shall be taken. 2. The spy Saw interpretation zone is defined as «rectangular region of certain wid parallel tothe weld. For T= 25mm, the width is 4mm; for 25mm < 7'<100mm, the with is Gum; forT 100mm, the width is fmm, 3. When wo ormore stripy faws ic onthe sme straight lin, andthe adjacent law spacing is less than ox equal to the shorter flaw length, they shall be interpreted as one flaw, and the spacing sal be also counted inthe flaw length. 5.1.7 Integrative Level Interpretation 5.1.7.1 When the round:flaw and the stripy flaw exist simultaneously in the round flaw interpretation zone, 46JBIT 4730.2—2005 an integrative level interpretation shall be performed. 5.1.7.2 The Level of integrative interpretation is determined as follows: the levels of the round flaws and the stripy flaws are separately interpreted at first. Then, the sum of both levels minus one is regarded as the integrative interpretation level. 5.2 Quality Classification of Radiographic Testing for Fusion Butt Welded Joint in Aluminium Pressure Equipment 5.21 Scope ‘This Section is applicable to the quality classification of RT for the fusion butt welded joint in the ‘luminium/aluminium alloy pressure equipment with thickness 2mm ~ 80mm. 5.2.2 Kinds of Flaws ‘The flaws of butt welded joints are classified as followings in accordance with their features: crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, copper inclusion, stripy flaw and round flaw. 5.2.3 Quality Classification Basis ‘The quality levels of butt welded joint based on the feature, amount and cluster of the existing flaws are classified as Levels I, Il, Il and TV. 5.2.4 General Rules of Quality Classification 5.2.41 Butt welded joint Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, copper inclusion and stripy flaw. 5.24.2 Butt welded joint Level Il and Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete ‘penetration and copper inclusion, 5.2.4.3 When the flaws of butt welded joint exceed Level IL the quality level is defined as Level IV. 5.2.44 When the interpreted levels of vatious flaw kinds are different, the worst level shall be regarded as the butt welded joint level. 5.2.5 Classification for Round Flaws 5.2.5.1 The round flaw interpretation zone is used for the classification of round flaws, which is a rectangular region parallel to the weld with the size specified in Table 13, and shall be located at the most serious flaw zone, TABLE 13 FLAW INTERPRETATION ZONE, mm ‘Nominal Thickness of Base Material 7 <0 > 20-80 Size of Interpretation Zone 10x10 10% 20 5.2.5.2 All flaws within the round flaw interpretation zone or cutting with the interpretation zone boundary shall be counted in the interpretation zone. The flaws counted in interpretation zone shall be converted to the spot number as stipulated in Table 14, and shall be interpreted as the corresponding quality Level of butt ‘welded joint in accordance with the requirements specified in Table 15. TABLE 14 CONVERSION TABLE OF SPOT NUMBER OF ROUND FLAWS menwae = | = [oa] ose] eee] oon | pe Revspanimbe | ot [2 3 6 10 5 2 7BIT 4730.2—2005 ‘TABLE 15 ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM SPOT NUMBER OF ROUND FLAWS CORRESPONDING TO VARIOUS LEVELS Interpretation Zone (mm x mm) 10x10 10x20 Nomina Thickness of <> | >3-5 | >5-1 | > 10-2 | > 20-0 | > 0-0 Tevet 1 2 3 4 6 7 Levelt 3 7 10 “4 21 2 HE Level V ftw soe mumber > Level, ofnw majorais > 277, or aw major axis > 10mm ‘Note: When the nominal thicknesses of base material ae different, the thinner plate thickness shall be taken. 5.2.5.3 When the butt welded joint probably produces the unfavorable result after repair due to material or structural reason, the round flaw spot number of various levels may be tolerated to 1 ~ 2 spots more. 5.2.5.4 When the allowable flaw spot number of the butt welded joint Level IIT continuously exists and exceeds 3 times the interpretation zone size, the quality shall be interpreted as Level IV. 5.2.5.5 For the butt welded joint of high seal requirement, the radiograph interpreter of the Manufacturer shall take the optical density of round flaws as the interpretation basis. Generally, the round flaw with heavier optical density is defined as deep hole flaw. When the butt welded joint exists deep hole flaw, the quality shall be interpreted as Level IV. 5.2.5.6 When the flaw sizes are less than those specified in Table 16, the flaw spot number may not be counted in the level interpretation, For the butt welded joint Level I and the butt welded joint Level I of base material with nominal thickness. 7 <5 mm, the uncounted flaw spot number in round flaw interpretation zone shall not be more than 10; or else the quality of butt welded joint shall be fallen by one level. TABLE 16 SIZE OF UNCOUNTED FLAWS mm Nominsl Thickness of Base Material T Major Axis of Flaw <0 <04 > 20-40 06 >40 <1ser 5.2.6 Classification for Stipy Flaws ‘The classification for stripy flaws shall be per the requirements of Item 5.1.6. 5.2.7 Integrative Level Interpretation * 5.2.7.1 When the round flaws and the stripy flaws exist simultaneously in the interpretation zone of round ‘laws, an integrative level interpretation shall be performed. 5.2.7.2 The Level of integrative interpretation is determined as follows: the Levels of the round flaws and 8JBIT 4730.2—2005 the stripy flaws are separately interpreted at first. Then, the sum of both levels minus one is regarded as the integrative interpretation level. 5.3. Quality Classification of Radiographic ‘Testing for Fusion Butt Welded Joint in Titanium/Titanium Allloy Pressure Equipment 5.3.1 Scope ‘This Section is applicable to the quality classification of RT for the fusion butt welded joint in the titanium / titanium alloy pressure equipment with thickness 2mm ~ 50mm. 5.3.2 Kinds of Flaws ‘The flaws of butt welded joints are classified as following five kinds in accordance with their features: crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, stripy flaw and round flaw. 5.3.3 Quality Classification Basis ‘The quality levels of butt welded joint based on the feature, amount and cluster of the existing flaws are classified as Levels I, 1, UI and IV. 5.3.4 General Rules of Quality Classification 5.3.4.1 Butt welded joint Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration and stripy 2 Butt welded joint Level IT and Level III shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration, 5.3.4.3 When the flaws of butt welded joint exceed Level II, the quality level is defined as Level IV. A When the interpreted levels of various flaw kinds are different, the worst level shall be regarded as the butt welded joint level. 5.3.5 Classification for Round Flaws 5.3.5.1 ‘The round flaw interpretation zone is used for the classification of round flaws, which is a rectangular region parallel to the weld with the size specified in Table 17, and shall be located at the most serious flaw zone, ‘TABLE 17_FLAW INTERPRETATION ZONE mm Noni Thicness of Base Material T <2 > 20-30 | ‘Size of Interpretation Zone 10x10 10x20 53.5.2 All flaws within the round flaw interpretation zone or cutting with the interpretation zone boundary Shall be counted in the interpretation zone, The flaws counted in interpretation zone shall be converted to the spot number as stipulated in ‘Table 18, and shall be interpreted as the corresponding quality Level of butt welded joint in accordance with the requirements specified in Table 19. TABLE 18 CONVERSION TABLE OF SPOT NUMBER OF ROUND FLAWS Flay Major Axis = mm. <1 > 1-2 > 24 > 4-8 >8 Flaw Spot Number 1 2 4 8 16JBIT 4730.2—2005 ‘TABLE 19 ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM SPOT NUMBER OF ROUND FLAWS CORRESPONDING TO VARIOUS LEVELS Interpretation Zone (mam x mm) 10x10 1020 Sag ee <3 > 3-5 | = 5-10 | > 10~20 | > 20~30 | > 30-50 Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lave t 2 4 6 8 10 2 Level IIL 4 8 2 16 20 ey Level TV flaw spot number > Level II, or flaw major axis > 772 Note: When the nominal thicknesses of base material are diferent, the thinner plate thickness shall be taken. 5.3.5.3 When the butt welded joint probably produces the unfavorable result after repair due to material or structural reason, the round flaw spot number of various levels may be tolerated to 1~2 spots more. 5.3.5.4. For the butt welded joint of high scal requirement, the radiograph interpreter of the Manufacturer shall take the optical density of round flaws as the interpretation basis. Generally, the round flaw of heavier ‘optical density is defined as deep hole flaw. When the butt welded joint exists deep hole flaw, the quality shall be interpreted as Level IV. 5.3.5.5 When the flaw sizes are less than those specified in Tuble 20, the flaw spot number may not be counted in the level interpretation. For the butt welded joint Level I and the butt welded joint Level II of base ‘material with nominal thickness 7 Smm, the uncounted flaw spot number in round flaw interpretation zone shall not be more than 20; the butt welded joint Level ITI of base material with nominal thickness T > Smm, the uncounted flaw spot number in round flaw interpretation zone shall not be more than 30; or else, the quality of butt welded joint shall be fallen by one level ‘TABLE 20_ SIZE OF UNCOUNTED FLAWS mm Nominal Thickness of Base Material 7 Major Axis of Flaw <10 <03 > 10~20 <04 > 2-50 <07 5.3.6 Classification for Stripy Flaws ‘The classification for stripy flaws shall be per the requirements of Item 5.1.6. 5.3.7 Integrative Level Interpretation 5.3.7.1 When the round flaws and the stripy flaws exist simultaneously in the interpretation zone of round flaws, an integrative level interpretation shall be performed. 5.3.7.2 The Level of integrative interpretation is determined as follows: the levels of the round flaws and 50JBIT 4730.2—2005 the stripy flaws are separately interpreted at first. Then, the sum of both levels minus one is regarded as the ‘Level of integrative interpretation. 6 QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL FUSION BUTT WELDED JOINT IN PIPE/TUBE USED FOR PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND PRESSURE PIPING 6.1 Quality Classification of Radiographic Testing for the Circumferential Fusion Butt Welded Joint in Pipe/Tube Used for Pressure Equipment and Pressure Piping Made of Steel, Nickel and Copper 6.1.1 Scope ‘This Section is applicable to the quality classification of RT for the circumferential fusion butt welded Joint in pipe/tube used for pressure equipment and pressure piping made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, austenitic stainless steel, nickel/nickel alloy and copper/copper alloy with wall thickness 722mm. 6.1.2 Kinds of Flaws The flaws of butt welded joint are classified as following seven kinds in accordance with their features: crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, stripy flaw, round flaw, root crater and root undercut. 6.1.3 Quality Classification Basis, ‘The quality levels of butt welded joint based on the feature, amount and cluster of the existing flaws are classified as Levels I, I, IT and TV. 64.4 General Rules of Quality Classification 6.1.4.1 Burt welded joint Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, stripy flaw, ‘oot erater and root undereut. 6.1.4.2 Butt welded joint Level II and Level IIT shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, and the incomplete penetration of double-side welding and single-side welding with back-up strip. 6.1.4.3 When the flaws of butt welded joint exceed Level III the quality level is defined as Level IV. 6.1.4.4 When the interpreted levels of various flaw kinds are different, the worst Level shall be regarded as the quality level of the butt welded joint. 6.1.5 Classification for Round Flaws ‘The classification for round flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Item 5.1.5. But for small diameter pipe/tube, the size of flaw interpretation zone shall be taken as 10mm x 10mm, 6.1.6 Classification for Stripy Flaws ‘The Classification for stripy flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Item 5.1.6. 6.1.7 Classification for Incomplete Penetration of Single-Side Welding without Back-up Strip For pipeltube with outside diameter D.> 100mm, the classification for incomplete penetration of single-side welding without back-up strip shall be per the requirements specified in Table 21. For small pipe/tube with outside diameter D,<100mm, the classification for incomplete penetration of single-side welding without back-up strip shall be per the requirements specified in Table 22. The incomplete penetration depth of pipe/tube with D, > 100mm shall be examined by the general reference block Type Il as specified in Annex H (normative). ‘The incomplete penetration depth of pipe/tube with Dy<100mm shall be examined by the specific reference block ‘Type I, or Type Is (for small diameter pipe/tube) as specified in stBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex H (normative). In the testing, the reference block shall be placed adjacent to the location of tested incomplete penetration. TABLE 21 FOR PIPE//TUBE WITH D, > 100mm, CLASSIFICATION FOR INCOMPLETE PENETRATION OF SINGLE-SIDE WELDING WITHOUT BACK-UP STRIP Maximum Depth ofacompeePeneon mm | Maximum Length of Level Individual acompice |, Aocumued Length of | Ratio of Depth to Thickness | ‘Maximum Value ‘Penetration = 1 ot pernied ‘nay penton zs <7 ——_[eftengt ono greater thn 7 0 100mm, the classification for root crater and root undercut shall be per the requirements specified in Table 23. For small pipe/tube with outside diameter Dy<100mm, the classification for root crater and root undercut shall be per the requirements specified in Table 24. The root crater depth and root undercut depth of pipe/tube and vessel with outside diameter Dy > 100mm shall be examined by the general reference block Type Il specified in Annex H (normative). ‘The root crater depth and root undercut depth of pipe/iube with D,<100mm shall be examined by the specific reference block ‘Type Ia 2JB/T 4730,.2—2005 ‘or Type Ip (for small diameter pipe/tube) as specified in Annex H (normative). In the testing, the reference block shall be placed on the source side surface of pipe/tube and adjacent to the location of tested root crater and root undercut, TABLE 23 FOR D,>100mm, CLASSIFICATION FOR ROOT CRATER AND ROOT UNDERCUT Maximum Depth of Root Gaier and Root Uadercat im ‘Accumnlsted Leagth of Root Crater ve Bato ofDepthio | a ‘dRoot Understm foot Depth | sximom Valve 1 ot penited 0 <15% 2mm. 3JBIT 4730.2—2005 6.2.2 Kinds of flaws ‘The flaws of butt welded joint are classified as following eight kinds in accordance with their features: crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, copper inclusion, stripy flaw, round flaw, root crater and root ‘undercut 6.2.3 Quality Classification Basis ‘The quality levels of butt welded joint based on the feature, amount and cluster of the existing flaws are classified as Levels I, I, 1 and IV. 6.2.4 General Rules of Quality Classification 6.2.4.1 Butt welded joint Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, copper inclusion, stripy flaw, root crater and root undercut. 6.2.4.2 For double-side welding and single-side welding with back-up strip, the butt welded joint of Level and Level III shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, copper inclusion, and the incomplete penetration. 6.2.4.3 When the flaws of butt welded joint exceed Level II, the quality level is defined as Level IV. 6.2.4.4 When the interpreted levels of various flaw kinds are different, the worst Level shall be regared as the butt welded joint. 6.2.5 Classification for Round Flaws ‘The classification for round flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Item 5.2.5, 6.2.6 Classification for Stipy flaws ‘The classification for stripy flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Item 5.2.6. 6.2.7 Classification for Incomplete Penetration of Single-Side Welding without Back-up Strip ‘The classification for incomplete penetration of single-side welding without back-up strip shall be per the requirements specified in Item 6.1.7. 6.2.8 Classification for Root Crater and Root Undercut ‘The classification for root crater and root undercut shall be per the requirements specified in Item 6.1.8. 6.2.9 Integrative Level Interpretation ‘The integrative level interpretation shall be per the requirements specified in Item 6.1.9. 63 Quality Classification of Radiographic ‘Testing for Circumferential Fusion Butt Welded Joint in Titanium/Titanium Alloy Pipe/Tube Used for Pressure Equipment and Pressure Piping 6.3.1 Scope ‘This Section is applicable to the quality classification of RT for circumferential fusion butt welded joint in titaniumftitanium alloy pipe/tube used for pressure equipment and pressure piping with wall thickness T> 2mm. 6.3.2. Kinds of Flaws ‘The flaw classification shall be per the requirements specified in Ttem 6.1.2. 63.3 Quality Classification Basis ‘The quality levels of butt welded joint based on the feature, amount and cluster of the existing flaws are classified as Levels I, U, Il and IV. 6.3.4 General Rules of Quality Classification 6.3.4.1 Butt welded joint Level I shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, stripy flaw, root crater and root undercut, 54BIT 4730.2—2005 63.4.2 Butt welded joint Level II and Level III shall not exist crack, incomplete fusion, and the incomplete ‘penetration of double-side welding and single-side welding with back-up strip. 6.3.4.8 When the flaws of butt welded joint exceed Level IT, the quality level is defined as Level IV. 6.3.44 When the interpreted levels of various flaw kinds are different, the worst level shall be regarded as the quality level of the butt welded joint. 63.5 Classification for Round Flaws ‘The classification for round flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Item 5.3.5, 6.3.6 Classification for Stripy flaws ‘The classification for stripy flaws shall be per the requirements specified in Item 5.3.6. 6.3.7 Quality Classification for Incomplete Penetration of Single-Side Welding without Back-up Strip ‘The quality classification for incomplete penetration of single-side welding without back-up strip shall be per the requirements specified in Item 6.1.7. 6.3.8 Classification for Root Crater and Root Undercut ‘The classification for root crater and root undercut shall be per the requirements specified in Item 6.1.8. 6.3.9 Integrative Level Interpretation ‘The integrative level interpretation shall be per the requirements specified in Item 6.1.9. 7 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING REPORT ‘The RT report shall at least include the following contents: (@) customer; (©) test object: name, serial number, specification, material, welding process and heat treatment condition; (© testing apparatus: name, model number and focus size; @ applied standard (criterion) and acceptance grade(level); (©) test specification: technical grade, radiographic arrangement, film, intensifying screen, radiation energy, exposure value, focal distance, dark room treatment manner and condition ete.; (© sketches for testing locations and film arrangement of test object; () testing result and quality classification; (b) signature and level of testing personnel and responsible persons; @ issue date. 5sJBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex A Gnformative) (Characteristic Indices of Industrial Radiographic Film System ‘A.1_ Essential Characteristic Indices of Radiographic Film System Essential characteristic indices of radiographic film system are specified in Table A.1. TABLEA.1 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC INDICES OF RADIOGRAPHIC FILM SYSTEM Minimum Grdient | Qian, | Man = | eae imsysen] PEO | anager o| amy of Cun dl oe Girnteetecane| Sexi Seat pao | p40 | peo | pao Tl low ‘very high ‘very fine grain 43 14 0.018 Tr medium high fine grain 41 68 0.028 150 TB ‘high medium ‘medium grain 38 64 0.032 120 ™ ‘very high low ‘coarse grain 35 50 0.039 100 ‘Note: ‘The optical density D in Table indicates the net value excluding the fog density,JBIT 4730.2—~2005 Annex B (informative) Periodic Calibration Method of Densitometer (Optical Density Meter) B.1_ General Requirement for Densitometer Calibration ‘The densitometer may be calibrated in accordance with the method recommended by the product factory or the requirements specified in Item B.2. B2 Calibration Procedure of Densitometer B.2.1 The densitometer is connected to the extemal electric source and testing switch, and preheated about 10min, B22 The zero point of densitometer shall be checked by the zero density spot (region) of step-wedge calibration film. Then, the optical densities of different spots on the step-wedge calibration film shall be ‘measured and recorded step-by-step. B.2.3 The measurement specified in Item B.2.2 shall be repeated 3 times. B24 The average value of measurements at all testing spots shall be calculated. The difference between the average value and the optical density at the corresponding spot on the step-wedge calibration film is taken as the measurement error of the densitometer. B.2.5 When the optical density of spot is not greater than 4.5, the measurement error shall not exceed £0.05. Otherwise, the densitometer shall be corrected, repaired or even rejected. B26 The step-wedge calibration film shall be calibrated by the accredited laboratory at least once every ‘wo years, 7JBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex C (informative) ‘Sketches of Typical Radiographic Techniques C.1_ Sketches of Typical Radiographic Techniques ‘The Fig. C.1 ~ Fig. C:8 show the sketches of typical radiographic techniques for the reference in radiographic arrangement. In these Figs., d denotes the radiation source, F denotes the focal distance, b denotes the object-to-film distance, f denotes the source-to-object distance, T denotes the nominal thickness and D, denotes the outside diameter of pipestube. 4 ‘ FIG C1 SINGLE-WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR LONGITUDINAL AND. CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT OUTSIDE Lt | FIG.C.2_ SINGLE-WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR LONGITUDINAL AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT INSIDE 58JBIT 4730.2—2005 FIG.C.3 CIRCUMFERENTIAL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT CENTER vat FIG.CA DOUBLE-WALL/SINGLE-IMAGE RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDED JONT WITH SOURCE AT OUTSIDE (1) FIG.C.5_ DOUBLE-WALL/SINGLE-IMAGE RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT OUTSIDE (2)JBIT 4730.2—2005 FIG.C.6 DOUBLE-WALL/SINGLE-IMAGE RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR LONGITUDINAL WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT OUTSIDE hy FIG C.7_ INCLINED RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT OF SMALL DIAMETER PIPE/TUBE (ELLIPTICAL IMAGE) HELPP FIG.C.8 VERTICAL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT OF SMALL DIAMETER PIPE/TUBE (SUPERIMPOSED IMAGE)JBIT 4730.2—2005 Amex D (informative) Determination for Number of Exposures for Circumferential Butt welded Joint D.1_ Exposure Number Charts For circumferential butt welded joint of outside diameter D,>100mm with 100% RT, the required ‘minimum exposure number are relating to the radiation technique and the penetrated thickness ratio, which may be obtained from Fig. D.1~Fig. D.6. (@ Fig. D.1 shows the exposure number chart for single-wall radiation technique of circumferential butt ‘welded joint with source at outside, and for the penetrated thickness ratio K=1,06. (©) Fig, D.2 shows the exposure number chart for extemal radiation techniques (offset internal radiation technique and double-walV/single-image technique) of circumferential butt welded joint, and for the penetrated thickness ratio K=1.06. (© Fig. D.3 shows the exposure number chart for single-wall radiation technique of circumferential butt welded joint with source at outside, and for the penetrated thickness ratio K=1.1. (@ Fig. D4 shows the exposure number chart for altemative radiation techniques (offset internal radiation technique and double-wall/single-image technique) of circumferential butt welded joint, ‘and for the penetrated thickness ratio K=1.1. (©) Fig. D.S shows the exposure number chart for single-wall radiation technique of circumferential butt welded joint with source at outside, and for the penetrated thickness ratio K=1.2. (® Fig. D.6 shows the exposure number chart for alternative radiation techniques (offset internal radiation technique and double-wall/single-image technique) of circumferential butt welded joint, and for the penetrated thickness ratio K=1.2, D.2_ Determination for Exposure Number by Charts ‘The procedure for determination of exposure number by charts is stipulated as follows: Calculate 7/D, and Deff, and read the corresponding point of T/D, on abscissa, and draw a line perpendicular to the abscissa passing through that point; and read the corresponding point of D,/f (ot De/ F) on the ordinate, and draw a line perpendicular to the ordinate passing through that point; then, determine the required exposure number by the locating area of the intersecting point of above two lines. In case of the intersecting point just lying on the ‘demarcation line, the greater value shall be taken as the required minimum exposure number. aJBIT 4730.2—2005 ° 05 oo ais 02 2s 1D) —— FIG.D.1_ EXPOSURE NUMBER CHART OF SINGLE-WALL RADIATION ‘TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT OUTSIDE FOR PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO K = 1.06JBIT 4730,2—2005 e ° oy or aus a as 7b9— FIG. D2 EXPOSURE NUMBER CHART OF ALTERNATIVE RADIATION ‘TECHNIQUES FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT WITH PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO K = 1.06BIT 4780.2—2005 ° 005 or ats 02 was 11D) — FIG.D.3_ EXPOSURE NUMBER CHART OF SINGLE-WALL RADIATION TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT WITH. SOURCE AT OUTSIDE FOR PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO K = 1.1SB/T 4730.2—2005 ° on ar us oF as 110.— FIG.D.4_ EXPOSURE NUMBER CHART OF ALTERNATIVE RADIATION ‘TECHNIQUES FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT FOR PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO X= L.1JB/T 4730.2—2005 0 ‘005 ar ois az 2s Tidy —— FIG.D.5 EXPOSURE NUMBER CHART OF SINGLE-WALL RADIATION ‘TECHNIQUE FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT WITH SOURCE AT OUTSIDE FOR PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO K = 1.2 6JBIT 4730.2—2005 FIG.D.6 EXPOSURE NUMBER CHART OF ALTERNATIVE RADIATION ‘TECHNIQUES FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT WELDED JOINT WITH PENETRATED THICKNESS RATIO K = 1.2 oJBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex E (normative) Calculation Method of Focus Size E.1. Calculation of Focus Size ‘The focus pattems of radiation source are formed as four types: square, rectangular, circular and elliptical, see Fig. E.1. Their effective focus sizes d are calculated in accordance with the following Formulas (E.1), (£2), and (E3): Square focus : d=a Rectangular and elliptical focus: d=(a+b)/2 ++{B.2) Circular focus: dzd seceneeneneeneene( BS) square type rectangular type circular type elliptical ype FIG.E.1_ FOCUS PATTERNSBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex F (normative) ‘Type and Specification of Specific Image Quality Indicator (IQ1) F.1_ Speeific Image Quality Indicator (IQ!) ‘The specific IQI is shown in Fig. F.l. The number of wires is generally 5, may be 3, if necessary. F.2. Type, Specification and Material of Specific Image Quality indicator (IQ) ‘The type, specification and material ete. of specific 1QI shall be per the provisions of Section 3.6 of this, Part, wart area FIG 1 SPECIFIC IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex G (normative) Placement of Lap Location Marker G.1_ Placement of Lap Location Marker ‘The location markers shall be per the requirements specified in Fig. Gl ~ Fig. G5. shall be at source side shall not be at film side FIG. G1 FLAT COMPONENT OR LONGITUDINAL WELDED JOINT shall not be at film side shal beat source side FIG G2 CURVED COMPONENT WITH SOURCE-FILM DISTANCE F LESS THAN RADIUS OF CURVATUREJBIT 4730,.2—2005 shall be at source side shall not be at film side FIG G3_ CURVED COMPONENT WITH CONVEX SURFACE TOWARDS SOURCE shall be at film side FIG.G4_ CURVED COMPONENT WITH SOURCE-FILM DISTANCE, F GREATER THAN RADIUS OF CURVATURE lap marker at either side is acceptable FIG GS_ CURVED COMPONENT WITH SOURCE AT CURVATURE CENTER, nJBIT 4730.2—2005 Annex H (normative) ‘Type and Specification of Reference Block H.1. Reference Block ‘The reference blocks are classified as two kinds: the specific reference block used for small diameter pipe/tube (Type I), and the general reference block (Type Il). The material used for reference block shall be made of penetrameter material or material of similar specification as the object being tested. H.2 Type, Specification and Size of Specific Reference Block Used for Small Diameter Pipe/Tube ‘The specific reference block Type I is divided into two types: I, and Ip. ‘Their specification and size shall be per the requirements specified in Fig. H.1 and Table H.1. revolving, B_B revolving (CC revolving 4 abajo fala ‘outside diameter of stel pipeitube =) Type la b) Type le FIG H.1_ SPECIFIC REFERENCE BLOCK TYPE I USED FOR SMALL DIAMETER PIPE/TUBE 2JBIT 4730.2—2005 ‘TABLE H.1 SIZE OF SPECIFIC REFERENCE BLOCK (TYPE 1) USED FOR SMALL DIAMETER PIPE/TUBE mm “Teines at "Tsiness a PipeTbe Wall | Thickness at aa oe a Thickness T | Ist Groove 1, | Terme | 2nd Gi Tolerance | 3rd os ‘Tolerance 35 1 0s 05 4 1 ° os sons oa sons 3 1 =o 05 0 025 0 6 1 04 04 3 Type, Specification and Size of General Reference Block Type II ‘The type, specification and size of the general reference block Type II shall be per the requirements specified in Fig. H.2 and Table H.2. mm D P | rolerance 006 20} B