FRAMEWORK FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING
meaningful only in the context of a total life
• The care of childbearing and childrearing families is a
major focus of nursing practice.
• To have healthy adults, you must have healthy children.
• To have healthy children, it is important to promote the
health of the childbearing woman and her family from
the time before children are born until they reach
adulthood.
PRIMARY GOAL OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
• The promotion and maintenance of optimal family
health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and
childrearing.
SCOPE OF PRACTICE
• The range of services and care that may be provided by
a nurse based on state requirements
o Preconceptual health care
▪ so before the mother is mabuntis pa
so we are involved
o Care of woman during 3 trimesters of
pregnancy and the puerperium (6th weeks
after birth), sometimes termed the fourth of
trimester of pregnancy)
▪ so ito yung time na buntis na si
mother until manganak sya
o Care of children during the perinatal period (6
weeks before conception to 6 weeks after
birth).
o Care of children from birth through
adolescence.
o Care in settings as varied as the birthing room,
the pediatric intensive care unit, and the home.
PHILOSOPHY
• Maternal and child health nursing is family centered;
assessment must include both family and individual
assessment data
• Maternal and child health nursing is community
centered; the health of families depends on and
influences the health of communities
• Maternal and child health nursing is evidence-based;
because this is the means whereby critical knowledge
increases
o we used this evidence based to improve our
nursing practice especially in community
• Maternal and child health nursing is serves as an
advocate to protect the rights of all family members,
including the fetus
• Maternal and child health nursing includes a high
degree of independent nursing functions because
teaching and counseling are major interventions
• Promoting health and disease prevention are
important nursing roles because these protect the
health of the next generation
• Maternal and child health nurses serve as important
resources for families during childbearing and
childrearing as these can be extremely stressful times
in a life cycle
• Personal, cultural, and religious attitudes and belief
influence the meaning and impact of childbearing and
childrearing on families
o very common with regards as communities or
some of the families kasi we are very tie with
our culture, our beliefs
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• circumstances such as illness or pregnancy are
o holistic approach through nursing care na
binibigay natin
• Maternal and child health nursing is a challenging role
for nurses and a major factor in keeping families well
and optimally functioning
o we guide them kasi diba sabi nga natin
promotion from the time na buntis si mami o
before pa magbuntis until i-guide hanggang sa
manganak na siya na adolescence na yung
anak
COMMON MEASURES TO ENSURE FAMILY-CENTERED
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE
• Principles
o The family is the basic unit of society
o families come in many different forms and
sizes and represent racial, ethnic, cultural, and
socioeconomic diversity
o Children grow both individually and as part of
a family
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
• Consider the family as a whole as well as its individual
members
• Assess families for strengths as well as for specific
needs or challenges
o para andun tayo para ma-assist sila
• respect diversity in families as a unique quality of that
family
• share or initiate information on health planning with
family members so that care is family oriented
• encourage family bonding through rooming-in in both
maternal and child health hospital settings
• encourage families to give care to a newborn or ill child
• family members affect other members; individual
members affect the total family group
• Encourage family and sibling visits in the hospital to
promote family
• Participate in early hospital discharge programs to
reunite families as soon as possible
o mostly in normal delivery na within 48 hours
kapag walang complications, pwede na umuwi
• Include developmental stimulation in nursing care
o developmental stimulation — activities, or
nagbibigay suggestions on how to stimulate
the development of the child
• encourage families to reach out to their community
o affected family will affect community
o so that family members are not isolated from
their community or from each other
➢ A nurse involves the mother and father in physical exam
to promote family-centered care.
STANDARD OF MCH PRACTICE
• To promote consistency and ensure quality nursing
care and outcomes in these areas, specialty
organizations have developed guidelines for care in
their specific areas of nursing practices.
• In maternal-child health, standards have been
developed by the Division of Maternal-Child Health
Nursing Practice of the American Nurses Association
in collaboration with the Society of Pediatric Nurses.
• The Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and
Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), has developed similar
 standards for the nursing care of women and
newborns.
American Nurses Association/Society of Pediatric Nurses
Standards of Care and Professional Performance
STANDARDS FOR PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE IN
THE CARE OF WOMEN AND NEWBORNS
Standards of Care
▪ STANDARD I. ASSESSMENT The nurse collects
health data about women and newborns.
▪ STANDARD II. DIAGNOSIS The nurse analyzes the
assessment data in determining diagnoses and
identifying problems of women and newborns.
▪ STANDARD III. OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION The
nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to
the woman or newborn.
▪ STANDARD IV. PLANNING The nurse develops a plan
of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected
outcomes for women or newborns.
▪ STANDARD V. IMPLEMENTATION The nurse
implements the interventions identified in the woman's
or newborn's plan of care.
▪ STANDARD VI. EVALUATION The nurse evaluates
womens’ and newborns' progress toward expected
outcomes.
Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses
(AWHONN)
Standards of Professional Performance
▪ STANDARD I. QUALITY OF CARE The nurse
systematically evaluates the quality and effectiveness
of nursing practice and implements measures to
improve the quality of care for women and newborns.
▪ STANDARD II. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL The
nurse evaluates her or his own nursing practice in
relation to professional practice standards and relevant
statutes and regulations.
▪ STANDARD III. EDUCATION The nurse acquires and
maintains current knowledge in maternal, newborn,
and/or women's health nursing practice.
▪ STANDARD IV. COLLEGIALITY The nurse
contributes to the professional development of peers,
colleagues, and other health care providers.
▪ STANDARD V. ETHICS The nurse's decisions and
actions on behalf of women and newborns are
determined in an ethical manner.
▪ STANDARD VI. COLLABORATION The nurse
collaborates with women, families, significant others,
and health care providers in providing care.
▪ STANDARD VII. RESEARCH The nurse integrates
research findings in practice.
▪ STANDARD VIII. RESOURCE UTILIZATION The
nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness
and cost in planning and delivering care to women and
newborns.
▪ STANDARD IX. PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT The
nurse promotes a safe and therapeutic environment for
women, newborns, family, significant others, and care
providers.
▪ STANDARD X. ACCOUNTABILITY The nurse is
professionally and legally accountable for her or his
practice
MCH ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
• Care Provider
• Advocate
• Educator
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• Counselor
ADVANCE PRACTICE ROLE FOR NURSE IN MCN
Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Nurses prepared at the master's or doctorate degree
level who are capable of acting as consultants in their
area of expertise, as well as serving as role models,
researchers, and teachers of quality nursing care. Ex.
neonatal, maternal, child, adolescent health care and
lactation consultation
Case Manager
• A graduate-level nurse who supervises a group of
patients from the time they enter a health care setting
until they are discharged from the setting or, in a
seamless care system, into their homes as well,
monitoring the effectiveness, cost, and satisfaction of
their health care. They help prevent fragmentation of
care and ensure that such important qualities as
continuity of care and providing a feeling of "medical
home" are included in care.
Nurse Practitioner
• Nurses educated at the master's or doctoral level.
Recent advances in technology, research, and
knowledge have amplified the need for longer and more
in-depth education for nurse practitioners as they play
pivotal roles in today's health care system. They have
the highest level of practice expertise integrated with
the ability to translate scientific knowledge into complex
clinical interventions. They have the potential to expand
the scientific basis for practice as well as create leaders
for organization and system management, quality
improvement, health policy development, and
interdisciplinary collaboration. (Fain, Asselin, &
McCurry, 2008).
Women's Health Nurse Practitioner
• Has advanced study in the promotion of health and
prevention of illness in women. They plays a vital role
in educating women about their bodies and sharing with
them methods to prevent illness; in addition, they care
for women with illnesses such as sexually transmitted
infections and offer information and counsel them
about reproductive life planning. They play a large role
in helping women remain well so that they can enter a
pregnancy in good health and maintain their health
throughout life
Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
• A nurse prepared with extensive skills in physical
lassessment, interviewing, and well-child counseling
and care. Nurse interviews parents as part of an
extensive health history and performs a physical
assessment of the child. If the nurse's diagnosis is that
the child is well, he or she discusses with the parents
any childrearing concerns mentioned in the interview,
administers any immunizations needed, offers
anticipatory guidance (based on the plan necessary of
care), and arranges a return appointment for the next
well-child checkup.
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
• An advanced-practice role for nurses who are skilled in
the care of newborns, both well and ill. The NNP's
responsibilities include managing and caring for
newborns in intensive care units, conducting normal
newborn assessments and physical examinations, and
providing high-risk follow-up discharge planning
(Bowen, 2007). They also are transporting responsible
ill infants to these different care settings for transporting
ill infants to these different care settings.

Family Nurse Practitioner
• Nurse provides health care not only to women and
children but also to the family as a whole. In conjunction
with a physician, an FNP can provide prenatal care for
a woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy. The FNP
takes the health and pregnancy history, performs
physical and obstetric examinations, orders appropriate
diagnostic and laboratory tests, and plans continued
care throughout the pregnancy and for the family
afterward. FNPs then monitor the family indefinitely to
promote health and optimal family functioning during
health and illness.
Certified Nurse-Midwife
• An individual educated and licensed in the two
disciplines of nursing and midwifery, they plays an
important role in assisting women with pregnancy and
childbearing. Either independently or in association with
a physician, the nurse-midwife assumes full
responsibility for the care and management of women
with uncomplicated pregnancies. Nurse-midwives play
a large role in making birth an unforgettable family
event as well as helping to ensure a healthy outcome
for both mother and child (Declercq, 2007)
4 PHASES OF HEALTH CARE
The Nursing Process
▪ A form of problem solving based on the scientific
method, serves as the basis for assessing, making a
nursing diagnosis, planning, organizing, and evaluating
care.
▪ Serve to accentuate the increasingly important role of
the nurse as a coordinator of client care and member of
a collaborative team.
Evidence-Based Practice
▪ The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current
best evidence in making decisions about the care of
patients.
▪ Evidence can be a combination of research, clinical
expertise, and patient preferences when all three
combine in decision making.
Nursing Theory
▪ Is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and
assumptions or propositions derived from nursing
models or from other disciplines and projects a
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purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing
specific inter-relationships among concepts for the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or
prescribing.
▪ Nursing theories are attempts to describe or explain the
phenomenon (process, occurrence and event) called
nursing" - Barnum(1998)
THEORIES RELATED TO MATERNAL AND CHILD
NURSING
Patricia Benner (Novice to Expert Theory)
▪ Nursing is a caring relationship. Nurses grow from
novice to expert as they practice in clinical settings.
Florence Nightingale
▪ The role of the nurse is viewed as changing or
structuring elements of the environment such as
ventilation, temperature, odors, noise, and light to put
the client into the best opportunity for recovery.
▪ Sabi ni Nightingale we have to control this environment
para ang patient is uhm gumaling (XD); same sa setting
ng Maternal and Child, for example nasa hospital ang
Mother dala ang batang may sakit so applicable din to,
we modify the environment para maging healthy or
bumalik sila sa healthy state nila.
Betty Neuman (Neuman’s System Model)
▪ A person is an open system that interacts with the
environment; nursing is aimed at reducing stressors
through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Dorothea Orem (Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory)
▪ The focus of nursing is on the individual; clients are
assessed in terms of ability to complete self-care. Care
given may be wholly compensatory (client has no role);
partly compensatory (client participates in care); or
supportive-educational (client performs own care).
Ida Jean Orlando (Nursing Process Discipline Theory)
▪ The focus of the nurse is interaction with the client;
effectiveness of care depends on the client’s behavior
and the nurse’s reaction to that behavior. The client
should define his or her own needs.
▪ ADOPIE
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (Theory of Human Becoming)
▪ Nursing is a human science. Health is a lived
experience. Man-living-health as a single unit guides
practice.
Martha Rogers (Theory of Unitary Human Beings)
▪ The purpose of nursing is to move the client toward
optimal health; the nurse should view the client as
whole and constantly changing and help people to
interact in the best way possible with the environment.
▪ Holistic care - you should view the person not only as a
unit, but as a whole.
Dorothy Johnson (Behavioral System Model)
▪ A person comprises subsystems that must remain in
balance for optimal functioning. Any actual or potential
threat to this system balance is a nursing concern.
Imogene King (Goal Attainment Theory)
▪ Nursing is a process of action, reaction, interaction, and
transaction; needs are identified based on client’s social
system, perceptions, and health; the role of the nurse is
to help the client achieve goal attainment.
Medeleine Leininger (Transcultural Nursing Theory)
▪ The essence of nursing is care. To provide transcultural
care, the nurse focuses on the study and analysis of
different cultures with respect to caring behavior.
Hildegard Peplau (Interpersonal Relationship Theory)
▪ The promotion of health is viewed as the forward
movement of the personality; this is accomplished
through an interpersonal process that includes
orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution
Sister Callista Roy (Adaptation Model of Nursing)
▪ The role of the nurse is to aid clients to adapt to the
change caused by illness; levels of adaptation depend
on the degree of environmental change and state of
coping ability: full adaptation includes physiologic
interdependence.
Ramona Mercer
▪ It provides appropriate health care interventions for
nontraditional mothers in order for them to develop a
strong maternal identity. This helps in the building of the
mother-child relationship as the infant grows.
WHO’S 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
MISSION: "A blueprint to achieve a better and more
sustainable future for all people and the world by 2030"
TYPE OF PROJECT: Non-Profit
LOCATION: Global
OWNER: Supported by UN & owned by community
FOUNDER: United Nations
ESTABLISHED: 2015
Goal 1: No Poverty
SGD 1 is to: “End poverty in all its form everywhere”
Goal 2: Zero hunger (No hunger)
SDG 2 is to: "End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture"
Goal 3: Good health and well-being
SDG 3 is to: "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all
at all ages".
Goal 4: Quality education
SDG 4 is to: "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all".
Goal 5: Gender equality
SDG 5 is to: "Achieve gender equality and empower all women
and girls"
Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation
SDG 6 is to: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all".
Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy
SDG 7 is to: "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable
and modern energy for all"
Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth
SDG 8 is to: "Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable
economic growth, full and productive employment and decent
work for all".
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
SDG 9 is to: "Build resilient Goal 7: infrastructure, promote
inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation"
Goal 10: Reduced inequality
SGD 10 is to: “Reduce income inequality within and among
countries”
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Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities
SGD 11 is to: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient, and sustainable”
Goal 12: responsible consumption and production
SGD 12 is to: “Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns”
Goal 13: Climate Action
SGD 13 is to: “Take urgent action to combat climate change and
its impacts by regulating emissions and promoting developments
in renewable energy”
Goal 14: Life below water
SGD 14 is to: “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas
and marine resources for sustainable development”
Goal 15: Life on land
SDG 15 is to: "Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss".
Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions
SDG 16 is to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels".
Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions
SDG 16 is to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels".
"Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
ages".
• REPRODUCTIVE, MATERNAL, NEWBORN AND
CHILD HEALTH
• INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
• MENTAL HEALTH
• ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
• HEALTH SYSTEMS AND FUNDING
THE GLOBAL HEALTH GOALS (UN & WHO, 2000)
• To end poverty and hunger.
• To achieve universal primary education.
• To promote gender equality and empower women.
• To reduce child mortality.
• To improve maternal health.
• To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
• To ensure environmental sustainability.
• To develop a global partnership for development.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 3 TARGETS
• By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to
less than 70 per 100 000 live births.
• By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and
children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming
to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per
1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low
as 25 per 1000 live births.
• By 2030, end the epidemics AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria
and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis,
water-borne diseases and other communicable
diseases.
• By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from
non-communicable diseases through prevention and
treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
• Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: 2020 Report by WHO,
abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use UNICEF and UN August 2020
of alcohol.
• By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries
from road traffic accidents.
• By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health-care services, including for family
planning, information and education, and the integration
of reproductive health into national strategies and
programs.
• 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of
substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse
and harmful use of alcohol.
• 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and
injuries from road traffic accidents. (“so, kasama rin
ito sa ating health and well-being.”)
• By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health care services, including for
family planning, information and education, and the
integration of reproductive health into national
strategies and programmes.
• (Another target is;) 3.8 Achieve universal health
coverage, including financial risk protection,
access to quality essential health-care services and
access to safe, effective, quality and affordable
essential medicines and vaccines for all. (“hopefully
by 2030, mas bumaba ang presyo ng ating mga gamot.
For them to be affordable and accessible to all”)
• 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of
deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals
and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
• 3.A Strengthen the implementation of the WHO
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all
countries, as appropriate.
• 3.B Support the research and development of
vaccines and medicines for the communicable and
non-communicable diseases that primarily affect
developing countries, provide access to affordable
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance
with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement
and Public Health, which affirms the right of
developing countries to use to the full the
provisions in the Agreement on Trade Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding
flexibilities to protect public health and, in
particular, provide access to medicines for all.
• 3.C Substantially increase health financing and the
recruitment, development, training and retention of
the health workforce in developing countries,
especially in least developed countries and small
island developing States (papasok ang healthcare
workers, etc., continuous training).
• 3. D Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in
particular developing countries for safety warning,
risk reduction and management of national and
global health risks. (budget problem, warning system)

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